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Fu X, Zhang Z, Cao Z, Rogachev AA, Yarmolenko MA, Chen T, Cao H, Zhang H. Mechanistic Insights into Anion-Induced Electrochromism of Ru(II)-Based Metallo-Supramolecular Polymer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4735. [PMID: 38139986 PMCID: PMC10747135 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The metallo-supramolecular polymer (MSP) is considered one of the most promising electrodes for electrochromic devices due to its intrinsically stable redox properties. Nevertheless, despite extensive work focusing on improving the electrochromic and electrochemical properties of MSPs, little experimental evidence exists from in-depth investigations on the anion-induced electrochromism of MSPs. Herein, Ru-based metallo-supramolecular polymer (polyRu) films with excellent electrochromic performance were fabricated through a novel electrochemical deposition method, and the electrochromic mechanism was further understood. The polyRu films possess fast reaction kinetics with a short switching time of 4.0 s (colored) and 2.8 s (bleached) and highly reversible redox properties due to the resulting impacts on the capacitive behaviors (containing surface, near-surface and intercalation pseudo-capacitance) of the perchlorate ions in the electrochromic process. Moreover, the electrochromic degradation of the polyRu films is considered to stem from the numerous nanopores in the film induced by ClO4- transport and the exchange of counter anions from Cl- to ClO4-. In addition, a physical model, revealing the transport of conduction ions and the evolution of the structure and properties of the polyRu film during the electrochromic process, is presented. It is observed that the charge balance of Ru3+ and Ru2+, achieved through the adsorption/desorption of ClO4- on the film, provides electrochromic and electrochemical reversibility to the polyRu film under positive/negative bias. Correspondingly, a transformation from polyRu·(Cl-)2n to polyRu·(ClO4-)x(Cl-)2n-x in the polyRu film is induced by a counter anion exchange from Cl- to ClO4-. Revealing the detailed perchlorate ion transfer kinetics and electrochromic mechanism in this film can offer new insights into the application of metallo-supramolecular polymers in electrochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Fu
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China (H.C.)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuohui Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China (H.C.)
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhenhu Cao
- Ningbo Mi Ruo Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315203, China
| | - Alexandr Alexandrovich Rogachev
- Optical Anisotropic Films Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry of New Materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Maxim Anatolievich Yarmolenko
- Department of Radiophysics and Electronics, Francisk Skorina Gomel State University, 104, Sovetskaya Street, 246019 Gomel, Belarus
| | - Tao Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China (H.C.)
| | - Hongtao Cao
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China (H.C.)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China (H.C.)
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Niklaus L, Schott M, Posset U, Giffin GA. Redox Electrolytes for Hybrid Type II Electrochromic Devices with Fe−MEPE or Ni
1−
x
O as Electrode Materials. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Niklaus
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISCFraunhofer R&D Center Electromobility Neunerplatz 2 97082 Würzburg Germany
| | - Marco Schott
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISCFraunhofer R&D Center Electromobility Neunerplatz 2 97082 Würzburg Germany
| | - Uwe Posset
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISCFraunhofer R&D Center Electromobility Neunerplatz 2 97082 Würzburg Germany
| | - Guinevere A. Giffin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISCFraunhofer R&D Center Electromobility Neunerplatz 2 97082 Würzburg Germany
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Kanao M, Seino Y, Higuchi M. Thermally Tough Electrochromic Devices with Metallo-Supramolecular Polymer: Investigation of Gel Electrolyte Component and Fabrication Process. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2020. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.33.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Kanao
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
| | - Yuki Seino
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
| | - Masayoshi Higuchi
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
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Yadav P, Naqvi S, Patra A. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxyselenophene): effect of solvent and electrolyte on electrodeposition, optoelectronic and electrochromic properties. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12395-12406. [PMID: 35497597 PMCID: PMC9051055 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01436b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we report the effect of electropolymerization conditions such as solvent and supporting electrolyte on the redox, optoelectronic and electrochromic properties of PEDOS. Monomer EDOS was synthesized by new and simple route and its electropolymerization was investigated by employing six different combinations of solvent–electrolyte namely TBAClO4/MeCN, TBAPF6/MeCN, TBABF4/MeCN, TBAClO4/PC, TBAPF6/PC and TBABF4/PC. Further, the electrochemical, spectroelectrochemistry, morphology and electrochromic properties of resultant PEDOS films were systematically studied. A pronounced effect of both solvent and supporting electrolyte on the electropolymerization, redox, optoelectronic and electrochromic properties on PEDOS film is noted. Among all solvent–electrolyte systems, MeCN and TBAClO4 were found to be the most suitable medium for electropolymerization of EDOS. Further, PEDOS films prepared in PC showed red shifted absorption maxima, narrow absorption peaks in UV-vis-NIR spectra, slightly more smooth morphologies, and high optical contrasts ratio and coloration efficiency in comparison to MeCN. PEDOS films prepared in TBABF4/PC exhibited longer λmax (670 nm), smooth morphology, and the highest optical contrasts ratio (44.6%) and coloration efficiency (141.8 cm2 C−1) compared to the other solvent–electrolyte medium. In this article, we report the effect of electropolymerization conditions such as solvent and supporting electrolyte on the redox, optoelectronic and electrochromic properties of PEDOS.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Yadav
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section
- Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - Sheerin Naqvi
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section
- Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi-110012
- India
| | - Asit Patra
- Photovoltaic Metrology Section
- Advanced Materials & Device Metrology Division
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory
- New Delhi-110012
- India
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5
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Bera MK, Chakraborty C, Rana U, Higuchi M. Electrochromic Os(II)-Based Metallo-Supramolecular Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800415. [PMID: 30062769 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the preparation of a series of novel Os(II)-based metallo-supramolecular polymers (polyOss: linear polyOsL1100% and hyperbranched polyOsL1x% L2y% ) that show a broad absorption spanning 312 to 677 nm and a low Os(II)/(III) redox potential of 0.94 V. The electrochromic properties of a polyOs film cast on an ITO substrate is investigated. The change in transmittance (ΔT) of polyOsL1100% is 49.9%, and the switching times for coloration (t c ) and bleaching (t b ) are 0.70 and 0.82 s, respectively. The introduction of a 10% branching structure (polyOsL190% L210% ) further enhanced the electrochromic performance with ΔT = 59.4%, t c = 0.41 s, and t b = 0.54 s. The coloration efficiency (η) increased from 396.1 to 467.5 cm2 C-1 upon branching. A solid-state electrochromic device with polyOsL1100% is successfully fabricated to use the polymer for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Kumar Bera
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Chanchal Chakraborty
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Utpal Rana
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Higuchi
- Electronic Functional Macromolecules Group, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
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Hladysh S, Václavková D, Vrbata D, Bondarev D, Havlíček D, Svoboda J, Zedník J, Vohlídal J. Synthesis and characterization of metallo-supramolecular polymers from thiophene-based unimers bearing pybox ligands. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26665g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel metallo-supramolecular polymers was prepared, based on 2,6-bis(2-oxazolinyl)pyridine chelating groups bridged with thiophene, bithiophene and thienothiophene as a linker, beginning from commercially available (chelidamic) acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sviatoslav Hladysh
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University in Prague
- CZ-12840 Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Václavková
- Tomas Bata University in Zlín
- Faculty of Technology
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- CZ-762 72 Zlín
- Czech Republic
| | - David Vrbata
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University in Prague
- CZ-12840 Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Dmitrij Bondarev
- Tomas Bata University in Zlín
- Faculty of Technology
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- CZ-762 72 Zlín
- Czech Republic
| | - David Havlíček
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University in Prague
- CZ-12840 Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry AS CR
- Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Zedník
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University in Prague
- CZ-12840 Prague 2
- Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Vohlídal
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Charles University in Prague
- CZ-12840 Prague 2
- Czech Republic
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Pandey RK, Rana U, Chakraborty C, Moriyama S, Higuchi M. Proton Conductive Nanosheets Formed by Alignment of Metallo-Supramolecular Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:13526-13531. [PMID: 27164027 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Linear Fe(II)-based metallo-supramolecular polymer chains were precisely aligned by the simple replacement of the counteranion with an N,N'-bis(4-benzosulfonic acid)perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylbisimide (PSA) dianion, which linked the polymer chains strongly. A parallel alignment of the polymer chains promoted by the PSA dianions yielded nanosheets formation. The nanosheets' structure was analyzed with FESEM, HRTEM, UV-vis, and XRD in detail. The nanosheets showed more than 5 times higher proton conductivity than the original polymer due to the smooth ionic conduction through the aligned polymer chains. The complex impedance plot with two semicircles also suggested the presence of grain boundaries in the polymer nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Pandey
- Electronic Functional Materials Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Utpal Rana
- Electronic Functional Materials Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Chanchal Chakraborty
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), NIMS , Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Satoshi Moriyama
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), NIMS , Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Higuchi
- Electronic Functional Materials Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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8
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HIGUCHI M. Design of Metallo-Supramolecular Polymers with Electronic and Optical Properties. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2014. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.71.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi HIGUCHI
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
- Electronic Functional Materials Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
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