Understanding of lipid transfer protein sensitization patterns and its clinical significance in children

The Diagnosis of Allergy to Lipid Transfer Proteins

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

To provide an update on the diagnosis of non-specific Lipid Transfer Protein (nsLTP) allergy.

RECENT FINDINGS

More publications report the presence of nsLTP allergy in Northern European countries and nsLTP sensitisation in children. Individuals are more likely to have severe reactions if there is recognition of increasing numbers of LTP components. Diagnosis is problematic; not all those with nsLTP allergy will have a positive test to a peach extract containing Pru p 3, the peach nsLTP. Sensitisation to nsLTP is being reported in more countries, including to the nsLTP in Cannabis Sativa in North America. Meals containing multiple nsLTP foods are more likely to be involved in co-factor reactions. Component-resolved diagnostics are superior to skin prick tests, to determine sensitisation to the individual nsLTP allergens causing symptoms and, in the future, the Basophil Activation test may best discriminate between sensitization and clinical allergy.

Differences in the Course, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Food Allergies Depending on Age-Comparison of Children and Adults

Food allergy (FA) has become a common global public health issue, with a growing prevalence in the modern world and a significant impact on the lives of patients, their families, and caregivers. It affects every area of life and is associated with elevated costs. Food allergy is an adverse immune reaction that occurs in response to a given food. The symptoms vary from mild to severe and can lead to anaphylaxis. This is why it is important to focus on the factors influencing the occurrence of food allergies, specific diagnostic methods, effective therapies, and especially prevention. Recently, many guidelines have emphasized the impact of introducing specific foods into a child's diet at an early age in order to prevent food allergies. Childhood allergies vary with age. In infants, the most common allergy is to cow's milk. Later in life, peanut allergy is more frequently diagnosed. Numerous common childhood allergies can be outgrown by adulthood. Adults can also develop new IgE-mediated FA. The gold standard for diagnosis is the oral provocation test. Skin prick tests, specific IgE measurements, and component-resolved diagnostic techniques are helpful in the diagnosis. Multiple different approaches are being tried as possible treatments, such as immunotherapy or monoclonal antibodies. This article focuses on the prevention and quality of life of allergic patients. This article aims to systematize the latest knowledge and highlight the differences between food allergies in pediatric and adult populations.