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Lee YH, Cho WK, Kim DH, Kim JH. The impact of maxillary dimensions on determining surgical approach of fungal ball in the maxillary sinus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10257. [PMID: 38704433 PMCID: PMC11069537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic middle meatal antrostomy (MMA) is commonly used for maxillary sinus (MS) fungal ball removal. For challenging cases involving anterior or inferior recess, an additional inferior meatal approach (IMA) might be needed. We analyzed the differences in MS dimensions on CT scans according to the surgical approach to suggest preoperative variables that could facilitate an additional IMA. CT scans of 281 adult patients who underwent ESS for the MS fungal ball (139 MMA, 62 MMA & IMA) were evaluated for comparative analysis of 8 MS measurements based on the surgical approach. Complete removal was achieved in all cases. Age and sex didn't differ significantly (p > 0.05). The maximum distances between the anterior-posterior walls, the inferior ostium border to the lateral recess, and the ostium to the inferior wall of the MS were statistically greater in the MMA & IMA group compared to the MMA group (p = 0.003, p = 0.005, and p = 0.010, respectively), especially among females. This study underscores the clinical importance of specific measurements-anterior to posterior wall, medial wall to lateral recess, and ostium to inferior wall of the maxillary sinus-for guiding optimal surgical approaches in MS lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ha Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ki Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Heui Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
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Lou Z. The choice of endoscopic surgical approach and four steps of operation of inverted papilloma of the maxillary sinus. BMC Surg 2023; 23:7. [PMID: 36631783 PMCID: PMC9835294 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-023-01908-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the long-term efficacy of four steps of operation on the treatment of maxillary sinus (MS) inverted papilloma (IP). METHODS 83 patients who were diagnosed with IP that originated from the MS, underwent four step procedure of attachment sites, including mucosal stripping, periosteum ablation, bone drilling and bone ablation and had postoperative follow-up of 3 years were enrolled. RESULTS Of the 83 patients, 59 (71.1%) patients were primary surgery and revision surgery in 24 (28.9%), single attachment was in 31(37.3%) patients and multifocal attachments in 52 (62.7%).When the numbers were not mutually exclusive, the most common origin sites of IPs were the medial wall in 54 (37.2%), lateral wall in 29 (20.0%), anterior wall in 18 (12.4%), inferior wall in 22 (15.2%), posterior in 15 (10.3%), and superior wall in 7 (4.8%). Large MMA alone was performed in 5 (6.0%), MMA combined with medial maxillectomy 76 (91.6%), and MMA combined with Caldwell-Luc approach in 2 (2.4%). No major intra- or postoperative complications were observed. The average follow-up was 41 months (range, 37-61 months). CT and endoscope showed that tumor and symptom recurrence occurred in 2 patients (2.41%). In addition, although the opening of antrostomy was closed and CT revealed the uniform soft tissue shadow and hyperostosis of MS in 11(13.3%) patients, they didn't report any symptoms and showed well epithelization of middle meatus mucosa. CONCLUSION The four steps of operations of attachment sites of MS IP, including mucosal stripping, periosteum ablation, bone drilling and bone ablation, may effectively prevent the recurrence of MS IP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengcai Lou
- grid.513202.7Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Affiliated Yiwu Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 699 Jiangdong Road, Yiwu, 322000 Zhejiang China
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3
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Kim S, Ward LA, Butaric LN, Maddux SD. Human maxillary sinus size, shape, and surface area: Implications for structural and functional hypotheses. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2022; 179:640-654. [PMID: 36790751 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although research into human maxillary sinus (MS) morphology has overwhelmingly focused on sinus volume, other aspects of morphology (e.g., overall shape, mucosal surface area) factor prominently in hypotheses regarding MS form and function. Here, we investigate MS volume in conjunction with measures of MS shape and surface area in a large, diverse sample of modern humans. We test whether variation in MS volume is associated with predictable changes in MS shape (i.e., allometry) and investigate the influence of MS size-shape scaling on mucosal surface area dynamics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Measures of MS volume and surface area were obtained from computed tomographic (CT) scans of 162 modern human crania from three ancestral backgrounds-Equatorial Africa, Europe, and East Asia. 3D coordinate landmarks and linear measurements were also collected. Multivariate analyses were employed to test for associations between MS volume and other morphological variables. RESULTS Significant associations between MS volume and 3D shape were identified both across and within the subsamples. Variation in MS volume was found to predominantly relate to differences in MS height and width dimensions relative to MS length. This pattern of allometric scaling was found to differentially influence total mucosal surface area and the SAV ratio. CONCLUSION This study suggests that variation in MS volume is disproportionately mediated by MS width and height dimensions. This finding has implications for hypotheses which structurally link MS morphology to craniofacial ontogeny and those which suggest that MS morphology may perform adaptive physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhhyun Kim
- Center for Anatomical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.,Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lyndee A Ward
- Center for Anatomical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren N Butaric
- Department of Anatomy, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, Iowa, USA
| | - Scott D Maddux
- Center for Anatomical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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4
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Lou Z. Surgical outcomes between two endoscopic approaches for maxillary cysts. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 88 Suppl 5:S112-S118. [PMID: 35725950 PMCID: PMC9801031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare recurrence rates and symptomatic relief in symptomatic maxillary sinus Retention Cysts (RCs) between Middle Meatus Antrostomy (MMA) alone and Inferior Meatus Antrostomy (IMA) with basal mucosa electrocoagulation. METHODS Patients with symptomatic unilateral maxillary RCs were randomly allocated to MMA (n=54) and IMA combined with mucosa electrocoagulation (n=53) groups. Symptomatic relief, cyst recurrence, and closure of the antrostomy opening were compared at 12-months postoperatively. RESULTS Symptomatic failure occurred in 13 (12.1%) patients, including 9 (16.7%) MMA and 4 (7.5%) IMA patients; this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.251). Postoperative cyst recurrence occurred in 16 (29.7%) and 1 (1.9%) patient in the MMA and IMA groups, respectively (p<0.0001). Closure of the opening occurred in 7 (13.0%) and 17 (32.1%) patients in the MMA and IMA groups, respectively (p=0.032). However, there were no significant pairwise correlations between closure of the opening and symptomatic failure or cyst recurrence. CONCLUSION IMA combined with basal mucosa electrocoagulation and MMA alone provided similar symptomatic relief for symptomatic maxillary RCs, but IMA had shorter operation times and lower postoperative recurrence rates of RCs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengcai Lou
- Yiwu Central Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yiwu City, Zhejiang Province, China.
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5
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Felisati E, Saibene AM, Borloni R, Prades JM, Felisati G. Mini-Invasive Endoscopic Approaches to the Maxillary Sinus Floor: A Comparative Anatomical Study. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2020; 35:467-473. [PMID: 33023295 DOI: 10.1177/1945892420964096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While middle antrostomy (MA) is the most common approach to the maxillary sinus (MS), it is known for not allowing to fully inspect the whole MS, especially in its inferior and anterior portions. To overcome this limitation, alternative approaches have been proposed, such as inferior antrotomy (IA) and canine fossa accesses (CFA). OBJECTIVE Given the lack of studies on the MS floor visualization with different accesses, our study aims, in a cadaver lab setting, to systematically compare three different approaches (MA, IA and CFA) in these regards. METHODS Eight cadaver heads, previously submitted to CTscan, were prepared inserting fixtures corresponding to teeth 2, 4, 6, 11, 13 and 15 and into the canine fossae. Three approaches were prepared: a wide MA, an IM and a CFA. We endoscopically evaluated, for each specimen, side, access type and scope angle (0°, 30°, 45°, and 70°), which fixtures were visible on the maxillary sinus floor and whether the canine fossa fixture was visible (MA and IA only). RESULTS IA allowed to visualize all fixtures in nearly all cases (14/16 with 70° endoscope), while MA showed poor visualization results (3/16 with 70° endoscope); CFA failed to gain full visualization in most specimens (7/16 with 70°endoscope). Such difference was statistically significant. MA proved unable to visualize the canine fossa fixture in most cases while IA showed excellent possibilities. All differences were statistically significant (p < .001, Mcnemar's test). CONCLUSIONS Our data show that the IA grants a statistically significant superior surgical field vision when compared to MA and CFA, though in vivo validation of these results is still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Felisati
- Otolaryngology Unit, University of Jean Monnet, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Alberto Maria Saibene
- Otolaryngology Unit, ASST Santi Paolo and Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Borloni
- Otolaryngology Unit, ASST Santi Paolo and Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jean Michel Prades
- Otolaryngology Unit, University of Jean Monnet, Saint Etienne, France.,Departement of Anatomy, University of Jean Monnet, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Giovanni Felisati
- Otolaryngology Unit, ASST Santi Paolo and Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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6
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Sommer F, Hoffmann T, Lindemann J, Hahn J, Theodoraki MN. [Radicality of maxillary sinus surgery and size of the maxillary sinus ostium]. HNO 2020; 68:573-580. [PMID: 32405682 DOI: 10.1007/s00106-020-00870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Until the 1990s, radical sinus surgery was considered a standard procedure for maxillary sinus diseases, but it is no longer favored due to the high morbidity. Today, functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is considered the gold standard in sinus surgery. Modifications of surgical approaches also allow access to regions of the maxillary sinus that were previously difficult to reach. Depending on anatomy and pathology, different methods for widening the maxillary ostium can be selected. In type I sinusotomy, the natural ostium is widened dorsally by a maximum of 1 cm. Sinusotomy type II involves widening the natural ostium up to a maximum diameter of 2 cm. In sinusotomy type III, the natural ostium is widened dorsally to the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus and caudally to the base of the inferior turbinate. Beside the prelacrimal approach, more invasive approaches are the medial maxillectomy, in which the dorsal part of the inferior turbinate and the adjacent medial wall of the maxillary sinus is resected, as well as its modifications "mega antrostomy" and "extended maxillary antrostomy." Correct selection of the size of the maxillary sinus window is prerequisite for successful treatment and long-term postoperative success. Isolated purulent maxillary sinusitis can usually be treated by a type I sinusotomy. Sinusotomy type II addresses nasal polyps with involvement of the mucosa of the ostium, recurrent stenosis after previous surgery, chronic maxillary sinusitis due to cystic fibrosis, and purulent maxillary sinusitis with involvement of other adjacent sinuses. Sinusotomy type III is required for choanal polyps with attachment to the floor of the maxillary sinus, for extensive polyposis and fungal sinusitis, and for inverted papilloma. Particularly for (recurrent) disease and extensive interventions in the maxillary sinus, medial maxillectomy or a modification thereof may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sommer
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Frauensteige 12, 89075, Ulm, Deutschland.
| | - T Hoffmann
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Frauensteige 12, 89075, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - J Lindemann
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Frauensteige 12, 89075, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - J Hahn
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Frauensteige 12, 89075, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - M-N Theodoraki
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Frauensteige 12, 89075, Ulm, Deutschland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved understanding of the microanatomy of the paranasal sinuses, including its individual variations, makes a substantial contribution to current progress in endonasal endoscopic microsurgery. Microanatomy of the sinuses is an active field of present scientific investitations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive review on microanatomy of the maxillary sinus is presented from the perspective of contemporary endonasal endoscopic microsurgery. RESULTS The range of variation of the individual microanatomy of all sections of the maxillary sinus is presented, in particular to minimize secondary sugical tissue trauma, to avoid complications (e.g. on orbital tissues) and as a basis for the prelacrimal access to the maxillary sinus. CONCLUSION Improved understanding of the range of microanatomical variations reduced the burden on the patient while opimizing the effectiveness of the necessary surgical manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Hosemann
- Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenkrankheiten, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Sauerbruchstraße, 17475, Greifswald, Deutschland.
| | - A Grimm
- Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Semmelweis Universität, Budapest, Ungarn.,Anatomisches, Histologisches und Embryologisches Institut, Semmelweis Universität, Budapest, Ungarn
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8
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Govindaraju R, Cherian L, Macias-Valle L, Murphy J, Gouzos M, Vreugde S, Wormald PJ, Bassiouni A, Psaltis AJ. Extent of maxillary sinus surgery and its effect on instrument access, irrigation penetration, and disease clearance. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2019; 9:1097-1104. [PMID: 31343852 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Middle meatal antrostomy (MMA) provides limited access to the anteromedial and inferior aspect of the maxillary sinus (MS) often resulting in residual disease and inflammatory burden. Newer extended procedures, such as mega-antrostomy (Mega-A) and extended modified mega-antrostomy (EMMA), have been developed to address this limitation. This study assesses the effect of varying extent of MS surgery on irrigation penetration and access of instrumentation. METHODS The MS of 5 fresh-frozen cadavers were sequentially dissected. Irrigation was evaluated with a squeeze bottle (SB) in different head positions and using different volumes of fluid. Surgical reach and visualization were examined using common sinus instruments and different angled endoscopes. A disease simulation was also performed to check for residual debris after instrumentation and irrigations. RESULTS Irrigation penetration improved as antrostomy size increased (p < 0.0001), with a significant difference observed between the extended procedures and MMA. The effect of the volume was significant for SB (p < 0.0001) but head positions appeared irrelevant (p = 0.613). Overall visualization improved for Mega-A and EMMA. A similar trend was seen for the reach of the instruments to all sinus wall subsites. EMMA facilitated the most removal of "sinus disease" in the disease simulation model when compared with both MMA and Mega-A, due to its reach of the anteroinferior aspects of the maxillary sinus. CONCLUSIONS High-volume irrigation using SB achieved good sinus penetration, irrespective of head position. Extended MS procedures appear to further increase irrigation penetration as well as surgical access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revadi Govindaraju
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, Australia.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lisa Cherian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Luis Macias-Valle
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Jae Murphy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Gouzos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Peter John Wormald
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Ahmed Bassiouni
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Alkis James Psaltis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, Australia
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9
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Advances in Microdebrider Technology: Improving Functionality and Expanding Utility. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2017; 50:589-598. [PMID: 28372812 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Since its application in nasal surgery, the microdebrider has revolutionized the practice of endoscopic sinus surgery. As the demands and breadth of procedures performed endoscopically have increased, so has the need for improvement in the microdebrider and related technologies. This article addresses how use of the microdebrider has impacted endonasal surgery and discusses current advances, which include creation of specialty hand pieces and blades, increases in instrument rotational speed, incorporation of navigation and energy, adaptation for intracranial use, and disposable instrumentation designed for in office use. Advances in microdebrider technology have improved functionality and expanded the utility of these devices.
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10
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Sireci F, Nicolotti M, Battaglia P, Sorrentino R, Castelnuovo P, Canevari FR. Canine fossa puncture in endoscopic sinus surgery: report of two cases. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 83:594-599. [PMID: 28400177 PMCID: PMC9444727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis is a common chronic disease that often affects maxillary sinus. Endoscopic sinus surgery is the most common procedure for treating the majority of maxillary sinus lesions. Objective To demonstrate the role of canine fossa puncture during endoscopic sinus surgery procedure in patients with severe maxillary sinus disease. Methods We present 2 cases where canine fossa puncture has been performed as method to obtain a complete access to the maxillary antrum. Results According our experience, 2 cases on 296 endoscopic sinus surgery (0.6%) where antrostomy and used of angled microdebrider were not sufficient, canine fossa puncture has been performed as an alternative method to obtain a complete access to the maxillary antrum. Conclusion Although the advent of endoscopic sinus surgery, our cases support the fact that actually canine fossa puncture is a minimally invasive technique useful in selected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Sireci
- University of Palermo, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC), Otorhinolaryngology Section, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Matteo Nicolotti
- SS Antonio Biagio e Cesare Arrigo Hospital, Otorinolaryngology Section, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Paolo Battaglia
- University of Insubria, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Varese, Italy
| | - Raffaele Sorrentino
- SS Antonio Biagio e Cesare Arrigo Hospital, Otorinolaryngology Section, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Paolo Castelnuovo
- University of Insubria, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Varese, Italy
| | - Frank Rikki Canevari
- SS Antonio Biagio e Cesare Arrigo Hospital, Otorinolaryngology Section, Alessandria, Italy
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Mahdavinia M. Editorial: Inflammatory and allergic diseases of the upper airways. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2015; 29:319-21. [PMID: 26358340 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2015.29.4247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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