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Epskamp S, Dibley H, Ray E, Bond N, White J, Wilkinson A, Chapple CM. Range of motion as an outcome measure for knee osteoarthritis interventions in clinical trials: an integrated review. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10833196.2020.1867393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Epskamp
- School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hayley Dibley
- School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth Ray
- School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicole Bond
- School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Joshua White
- School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Amanda Wilkinson
- School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cathy M. Chapple
- School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Ahmadi M, Noudehi M, Esmaeili M, Sadrollahi A. Comparing the Quality of Life Between Active and Non-Active Elderly Women With an Emphasis on Physical Activity. SALMAND 2017. [DOI: 10.21859/sija.12.3.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Bream E, Black N. What is the Relationship Between Patients’ And Clinicians’ Reports of the Outcomes of Elective Surgery? J Health Serv Res Policy 2017; 14:174-82. [DOI: 10.1258/jhsrp.2009.008115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To identify studies in which patients’ and clinicians’ reports of health status and complications of one of four elective operations - hip and knee replacement, varicose vein surgery and groin hernia repair - are reported, and to describe the associations that have been reported between clinicians’ and patients’ reports. Methods Systematic search of several bibliographic databases and review of citations of articles meeting inclusion criteria. A narrative summary of the findings was conducted. Results Most of the 62 studies of health status identified were for hip (23) or knee (33) disease. The literature on complications was even more limited with 12 studies of surgical site infection, one for urinary tract infection and none for lower respiratory tract infections. Procedure-specific complications were restricted to one for arthroplasties and three for hernia repair. Despite considerable variation in the findings of studies, some clear patterns emerge, albeit they are largely based on arthroplasty. Patients’ and clinicians’ views of health status generally correlate moderately (0.5-0.6) when both are reporting on the same dimension of health status. Inevitably this is confined to disability, though patients’ and clinicians’ reports of symptoms are also moderately correlated. In contrast, comparisons of different dimensions, such as patients’ reports of disability and clinicians’ reports of impairment, result in poor correlation (0.3). There is huge variation in the way postoperative complications are measured which limits the extent to which an overview can be undertaken. Despite that, moderate to strong correlations have been reported between patients’ and clinicians’ views of complications. Conclusions Patients’ views of their level of disability reflect clinicians’ views and can be relied upon to assess this dimension of health status. In addition, patients are the ‘gold standard’ judges of symptoms and quality of life. Given these findings, clinicians, provider managers, commissioners and politicians can be confident that patients’ reports provide an accurate indication of the outcome of elective surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nick Black
- Health Services Research Unit, Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Jones AKP, Brown CA. Predictive mechanisms linking brain opioids to chronic pain vulnerability and resilience. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:2778-2790. [PMID: 28449262 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a major global healthcare problem that is currently inadequately treated. In addition, the current use of opioids for treatment has reached far beyond the paucity of evidence for long-term benefits relative to risks. Benefit-risk models for opioid and non-opioid treatments would benefit from a rational, mechanism-based understanding of neuroplastic and neurochemical contributions to chronic pain. Here, we evaluate the findings and limitations of representative research investigating brain neuroplasticity and neurochemistry in chronic pain. In sum, the mechanisms of pain-related neuroplasticity in the brain remain poorly understood because neuroimaging studies have been largely descriptive. We argue that definition is needed of optimal (pain-resilient) and suboptimal (pain-vulnerable) functioning of the endogenous opioid system in order to identify neurochemical contributions to aberrant neuroplasticity in chronic pain. We outline the potential benefits of computational approaches that utilize evolutionary and statistical optimality principles, illustrating this approach with mechanistic hypotheses on opioid function. In particular, we discuss the role of predictive mechanisms in perceptual and associative plasticity and evidence for their modulation by endogenous opioids. Future research should attempt to utilize formal computational models to provide evidence for the clinical validity of this approach, thereby providing a rational basis for future treatment and, ideally, prevention. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Emerging Areas of Opioid Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Kenneth Peter Jones
- Human Pain Research Group, Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Andrew Brown
- Human Pain Research Group, Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Iversen MD, Price LL, von Heideken J, Harvey WF, Wang C. Physical examination findings and their relationship with performance-based function in adults with knee osteoarthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17:273. [PMID: 27405996 PMCID: PMC4941016 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-1151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many physical examination (PE) maneuvers exist to assess knee function, none of which are specific to knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The Osteoarthritis Research Society International also recommends the use of six functional performance measures to assess function in adults with KOA. While earlier studies have examined the relationship between PE findings and self-reported function or PE findings and select performance tests in adults with knee pain and KOA, few have examined the all three types of measures. This cross-sectional study specifically examines the relationships between results of PE findings, functional performance tests and self-reported function in adults with symptomatic KOA. METHODS We used baseline PE data from a prospective randomized controlled trial in 87 participants aged ≥40 years with symptomatic and radiographic KOA. The PE performed by three experienced physical therapists included: muscle assessment, function and special tests. Participants also completed functional performance tests and the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Multivariate linear regression identified contributions of PE findings towards functional performance and WOMAC scores, adjusting for age and gender. RESULTS Participants' mean age was 60.4 years (SD = 10.5), mean disease duration was 8.4 years (SD = 10.1) and 27 participants had varus knee alignment. Mean WOMAC pain and function scores were 211 (SD = 113) and 709 (SD = 394), respectively. Weakness was present in major hip and knee muscles. Seventy-nine participants had a positive Ely's, 65 a positive Waldron and 49 a positive Grind. Mean 6-min walk was 404 m (SD = 83) and mean Berg Balance was 53 (SD = 4). Regression analysis identified positive findings on 5 special tests (P < 0.05) as indicative of poorer 6 min walk. Positive Apley's was associated (P < 0.05) with slower 20 m walk and a positive Ober with poorer balance scores (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Diminished hip muscle strength and flexibility, and patella dysfunction were prevalent in these adults with symptomatic KOA. Results of functional performance tests suggest balance and walking ability are impaired and are associated with PE findings of muscle length imbalance, hip muscle weakness and patella dysfunction. None of the PE measures were associated with self-reported function. Therefore, performance-based test results may be more useful in informing rehabilitation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura D Iversen
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue 301 C RB, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Section of Clinical Sciences, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergy, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lori Lyn Price
- Institute of Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johan von Heideken
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue 301 C RB, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William F Harvey
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Division of Rheumatology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Division of Rheumatology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Han HS, Lee JY, Kang SB, Chang CB. The relationship between the presence of depressive symptoms and the severity of self-reported knee pain in the middle aged and elderly. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2016; 24:1634-42. [PMID: 25982621 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-015-3628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Knee pain is a very common symptom of knee osteoarthritis (OA), and identification of the major contributors to knee pain is important to establish management plans for patients with knee OA. Among the potential contributors, we hypothesized that coexisting depressive symptoms might increase the severity of knee pain because the increased cytokine levels and neurotransmitter changes related to depression are known to influence the threshold of physical pain perception. Therefore, a possible relationship between self-reported depressive symptoms and self-reported knee pain has been explored. Additionally, we sought to determine factors influencing the severity of knee pain in a middle-aged and elderly Korean population using data from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHODS In total, 6599 persons aged ≥50 years were evaluated in terms of the radiographic severity of OA and pain severity using 10-point numerical rating scales. Depressive mood was assessed using a polar question: "Had the subject felt despair or depression every day for more than 2 weeks during the past year?" RESULTS The Kellgren-Lawrence knee OA grade, depression, gender, educational level, household income, smoking status, marital status, living place, comorbidity status, BMI, and age were identified by multiple linear regression as variables affecting knee pain severity. The presence of depressive symptoms was associated with an increased risk of severe knee pain (odds ratio 2.55 [95 % confidence interval 1.77-3.66]). After stratifying the group in terms of the radiographic severity of knee OA, the relationship with depression persisted in the minimal (2.89 [1.90-4.32]) and moderate OA subgroups (2.29 [1.33-3.94]), but not in the severe OA subgroup. CONCLUSIONS Severe knee pain was independently associated with the presence of depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly Korean subjects. This suggests that screening for and treatment of depression may help improve knee pain in elderly individuals. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sung Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee-Yon Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Baik Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-707, South Korea
| | - Chong Bum Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20, Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-707, South Korea.
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Wood LRJ, Blagojevic-Bucknall M, Stynes S, D'Cruz D, Mullis R, Whittle R, Peat G, Foster NE. Impairment-targeted exercises for older adults with knee pain: a proof-of-principle study (TargET-Knee-Pain). BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17:47. [PMID: 26821917 PMCID: PMC4731955 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-0899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic exercise is an effective intervention for knee pain and osteoarthritis (OA) and should be individualised. In a preliminary, proof-of-principle study we sought to develop a home exercise programme targeted at specific physical impairments of weak quadriceps, reduced knee flexion range of motion (ROM) and poor balance, and evaluate whether receipt of this was associated with improvements in those impairments and in patient-reported outcomes among older adults with knee pain. METHODS This community-based study used a single group, before-after study design with 12-week follow-up. Participants were 58 adults aged over 56 years with knee pain and evidence of quadriceps weakness, loss of flexion ROM, or poor balance, recruited from an existing population-based, observational cohort. Participants received a 12-week home exercise programme, tailored to their physical impairments. The programme was led, monitored and progressed by a physiotherapist over six home visits, alternating with six telephone calls. Primary outcome measures were maximal isometric quadriceps strength, knee flexion ROM and timed single-leg standing balance, measured at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks by a research nurse blinded to the nature and content of participants' exercise programmes. Secondary outcome measures included the WOMAC. RESULTS At 12 weeks, participants receiving strengthening exercises demonstrated a statistically significant change in quadriceps isometric strength compared to participants not receiving strengthening exercises: 3.9 KgF (95 % CI 0.1, 7.8). Changes in knee flexion ROM (2.1° (-2.3, 6.5)) and single-leg balance time (-2.4 s (-4.5, 6.7)) after stretching and balance retraining exercises respectively, were not found to be statistically significant. There were significant improvements in mean WOMAC Pain and Physical Function scores: -2.2 (-3.1, -1.2) and -5.1 (-7.8, -2.5). CONCLUSIONS A 12-week impairment-targeted, home-based exercise programme for symptomatic knee OA appeared to be associated with modest improvements in self-reported pain and function but no strong evidence of greater improvement in the specific impairments targeted by each exercise package, with the possible exception of quadriceps strengthening. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trial Registration Number: ISRCTN 61638364 Date of registration: 24 June 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence R J Wood
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Milica Blagojevic-Bucknall
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Siobhán Stynes
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Deborah D'Cruz
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Ricky Mullis
- General Practice and Primary Care Research Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Rebecca Whittle
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - George Peat
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Nadine E Foster
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Research Institute for Primary Care & Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
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Tsubaki A, Kubo M, Kobayashi R, Jigami H, Sugawara K, Takahashi HE. Maximum Power During Vertical Jump and Isometric Knee Extension Torque Alter Mobility Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study of Healthy Individuals. PM R 2015; 8:19-27; quiz 27. [PMID: 25933721 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide reference values of muscle function (MF) and mobility performance (MP) and to clarify the effects of MF on MP. DESIGN A normative cross-sectional study. SETTING An urban area of Niigata, Japan. PARTICIPANTS A total of 401 individuals (210 men and 191 women) with a mean age of 41.8 years (range, 7-79 years) who lived in the community and did not have impairments in activities of daily living. METHODS Grip strength, isometric knee extension torque (IKET), and maximum ground reaction force (Fmax) and maximum power (Pmax) during a vertical jump were used as measurements of MF. The chair-rise test (CRT) and the timed "Up and Go" test (TUG) were used to assess MP. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Mean values of GS, IKET, CRT, TUG, Fmax, and Pmax were calculated according to age and gender. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to identify MF factors with an effect on CRT and TUG in participants ≥20 years of age. RESULTS Our results showed that all MF parameters were decreased in individuals ≥20 years of age compared to those <20 years old. Moreover, all of the MP parameters increasingly deteriorated with increasing age. CRT and TUG were affected by Pmax and IKET in men and by IKET in women according to logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION The study findings suggest that muscle power affects MP more than the muscle strength in persons aged ≥20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Tsubaki
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 1398 Shimami-cho, Kita-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan(∗).
| | - Masayoshi Kubo
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan(†)
| | - Ryosaku Kobayashi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan(‡)
| | - Hirofumi Jigami
- Department of Physical Therapy, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan(§)
| | - Kazuhiro Sugawara
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan; Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan(‖)
| | - Hideaki E Takahashi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan(¶)
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Differences in health-related quality of life among subjects with frequent bilateral or unilateral knee pain: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative study. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015; 45:128-36. [PMID: 25573010 PMCID: PMC4380178 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2015.5123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE To examine associations between frequent bilateral knee pain (BKP) and unilateral knee pain (UKP) and health-related quality of life (QoL). We hypothesized that frequent BKP would be associated with poorer health-related QoL than would frequent UKP and no knee pain. BACKGROUND Knee pain is one of the most frequently reported types of joint pain among adults in the United States. It is the most frequent cause of limited physical function, disability, and reduced QoL. METHODS Data were collected from the Osteoarthritis Initiative public-use data sets. Health-related QoL was assessed in 2481 participants (aged 45-79 years at baseline). The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score QoL subscale (knee-specific measure) and the physical component summary and mental component summary (MCS) scores of the Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) (generic measure) were used to assess health-related QoL. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between frequent knee pain and health-related QoL, adjusted for sociodemographic and health covariates. RESULTS Compared with subjects with no knee pain, subjects with frequent BKP and UKP had significantly lower scores on the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score QoL subscale (mean difference, -35.2; standard error [SE], 0.86; P<.001 and mean difference, -29.2; SE, 0.93; P<.001; respectively) and the SF-12 physical component summary score (mean difference, -6.25; SE, 0.41; P<.001 and mean difference, -4.10; SE, 0.43; P<.001; respectively), after controlling for sociodemographic and health covariates. The SF-12 MCS score was lower among those with BKP (-1.29; SE, 0.42; P<.001). Frequent UKP was not associated with the SF-12 MCS. CONCLUSION Subjects with frequent BKP had lower health-related QoL than those with frequent unilateral or no knee pain, as reflected in lower Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score QoL subscale and SF-12 physical component summary and MCS scores.
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Daniel L, Howard W, Braun D, Page SJ. Opinions of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy Among Therapists in Southwestern Ohio. Top Stroke Rehabil 2015; 19:268-75. [DOI: 10.1310/tsr1903-268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Dehi M, Aghajari P, Shahshahani M, Takfallah L, Jahangiri L. The effect of stationary walking on the quality of life of the elderly women: a randomized controlled trial. J Caring Sci 2014; 3:103-11. [PMID: 25276753 DOI: 10.5681/jcs.2014.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aging has a profound effect on all the body organs and quality of life. One of the appropriate interventions is exercises such as walking. Nevertheless, the risk of falling and its complications are lower in stationary walking than walking on ground. Due to the higher life expectancy in women than men, the increasing number of elderly, and the low quality of life of women compared to men, this study aimed to assess the impact of stationary walking on the quality of life of the elderly women. METHODS In this clinical trial, 66 household elderly women covered by health centers of Maragheh were randomly selected and divided into experimental and control groups. Six weeks exercise intervention was conducted. The participants completed the quality of life questionnaire of the elderly, before and after the intervention. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Mean scores of quality of life, in various aspects of the experimental group, before and after intervention, showed significant difference; there was no statistically significant difference in the control group. In addition, there was a significant difference in the mean and standard deviation of different aspects of quality of life in pre- and post-test of experiment and control groups. CONCLUSION Using regular and constant exercise program such as stationary walking can increase the quality of life of the elderly women. It can improve healthy aging and having a healthy life at this age, too. Therefore, it is recommended to have stationary walking program in daily lives of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manijeh Dehi
- Departement of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Aghajari
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Shahshahani
- Departement of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Takfallah
- Departement of Midwifery, Islamic Azad University, Semnan Branch, Semnan, Iran
| | - Leila Jahangiri
- Department of Health, Faculty of Hygiene and Public Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Holla JFM, Sanchez-Ramirez DC, van der Leeden M, Ket JCF, Roorda LD, Lems WF, Steultjens MPM, Dekker J. The avoidance model in knee and hip osteoarthritis: a systematic review of the evidence. J Behav Med 2014; 37:1226-41. [PMID: 24841177 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-014-9571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The avoidance model in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) hypothesizes that pain and psychological distress lead to avoidance of activities, and thereby to muscle weakness and activity limitations. This paper systematically reviews the scientific evidence for the validity of this avoidance model. A qualitative data synthesis was used to identify levels of evidence. Sixty studies were included. In knee OA, strong evidence was found that avoidance of activities is associated with activity limitations via muscle weakness (mediation by muscle weakness), strong evidence was found for an association between muscle weakness and activity limitations, and weak evidence was found that pain and psychological distress are associated with muscle weakness via avoidance of activities (mediation by avoidance). In hip OA, weak evidence was found for mediation by muscle weakness; and strong evidence was found for an association between muscle weakness and activity limitations. More research is needed on the consecutive associations between pain or psychological distress, avoidance of activities and muscle weakness, and to confirm causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn F M Holla
- Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center, Reade, PO Box 58271, 1040 HG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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Indian hedgehog in synovial fluid is a novel marker for early cartilage lesions in human knee joint. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:7250-65. [PMID: 24786088 PMCID: PMC4057670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15057250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether there is a correlation between the concentration of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) in synovial fluid (SF) and the severity of cartilage damage in the human knee joints, the knee cartilages from patients were classified using the Outer-bridge scoring system and graded using the Modified Mankin score. Expression of Ihh in cartilage and SF samples were analyzed with immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, we detected and compared Ihh protein levels in rat and mice cartilages between normal control and surgery-induced osteoarthritis (OA) group by IHC and fluorescence molecular tomography in vivo respectively. Ihh expression was increased 5.2-fold in OA cartilage, 3.1-fold in relative normal OA cartilage, and 1.71-fold in OA SF compared to normal control samples. The concentrations of Ihh in cartilage and SF samples was significantly increased in early-stage OA samples when compared to normal samples (r = 0.556; p < 0.001); however, there were no significant differences between normal samples and late-stage OA samples. Up-regulation of Ihh protein was also an early event in the surgery-induced OA models. Increased Ihh is associated with the severity of OA cartilage damage. Elevated Ihh content in human knee joint synovial fluid correlates with early cartilage lesions.
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Fitzgerald GK, White DK, Piva SR. Associations for change in physical and psychological factors and treatment response following exercise in knee osteoarthritis: an exploratory study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2013; 64:1673-80. [PMID: 22674892 DOI: 10.1002/acr.21751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding how changes in physical and psychological factors following therapeutic exercise are associated with treatment outcome could have important implications for refining rehabilitation programs for knee osteoarthritis (OA). The objective of this study was to examine the association of changes in these factors with changes in pain and function after an exercise program for people with knee OA. METHODS In total, 152 people with knee OA completed an exercise program consisting of lower extremity strengthening, stretching, range of motion, balance and agility, and aerobic exercises. The change from baseline to the 2-month followup was calculated for physical and psychological factors, including self-reported knee instability, quadriceps strength, knee and ankle range of motion, lower extremity muscle flexibility, fear of physical activity, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Treatment response was defined as a minimum of a 20% improvement from baseline in both a numerical knee pain rating scale and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index physical function scale. The association of each factor with treatment response was examined with logistic regression mutually adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, radiographic severity, and exercise group. RESULTS Change in self-reported knee instability (odds ratio [OR] 1.67 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.13-2.47]) and fear of physical activity (OR 0.93 [95% CI 0.88-1.00]) were the only 2 factors that were significantly associated with treatment response after adjustment for covariates. CONCLUSION Improvement in knee instability and fear of physical activity were associated with increased odds of a positive treatment response following therapeutic exercise in subjects with knee OA.
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Wei X, Yin K, Li P, Wang H, Ding J, Duan W, Wei L. Type II collagen fragment HELIX-II is a marker for early cartilage lesions but does not predict the progression of cartilage destruction in human knee joint synovial fluid. Rheumatol Int 2012; 33:1895-9. [PMID: 22238024 PMCID: PMC3689906 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-011-2309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether there is a direct correlation between the concentration of type II collagen fragment HELIX-II in synovial fluid and the severity of cartilage damage at the knee joint, 83 patients who had undergone knee arthroscopy or total knee replacement were enrolled in this study (49% women, mean ± SD age 49.5 ± 19). The content of HELIX-II in the synovial fluid samples was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cartilage damage at the knee joint was classified during arthroscopy or direct surgical observation, using the Outerbridge cartilage damage scoring system. The maximum damage score was defined as the highest score among the six areas of the knee joint, and the cumulative score was defined as the sum of the scores of the six areas of the knee joint. The intra-assay and inter-assay variations of the HELIX-II ELISA were lower than 13 and 15%, respectively. The level of HELIX-II in the severely damaged cartilage groups (cumulative scores = 11–24 or maximum score = 2–4) was much higher than in the slightly damaged cartilage groups (cumulative scores = 0–10 or maximum score = 0–1). The level of HELIX-II in cartilage from severely damaged cartilage groups was significantly higher than in the slightly damaged groups, but no significant difference was detected in the level of HELIX-II among the severely damaged cartilage sub-groups. There was a significant correlation between the HELIX-II concentration in the synovial fluid and the cumulative (r = 0.807) and maximum scores (r = 0.794). Thus, elevated HELIX-II level is correlated with early cartilage lesions, but does not have the sensitivity to predict the progression of severity of cartilage damage in the knee joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Lihavainen K, Sipilä S, Rantanen T, Kauppinen M, Sulkava R, Hartikainen S. Effects of comprehensive geriatric assessment and targeted intervention on mobility in persons aged 75 years and over: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2011; 26:314-26. [PMID: 22007041 DOI: 10.1177/0269215511423269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of a comprehensive geriatric assessment and individually tailored intervention on mobility in older people. In addition, the effectiveness of the geriatric intervention was evaluated among a subgroup of persons with musculoskeletal pain. DESIGN Three-year geriatric development project with randomized assignment to intervention and control group. SETTING Research centre, community and assisted living facilities. PARTICIPANTS Seven hundred and eighty-one Finnish persons aged 75-98 years were assigned to an intervention (n = 404) or control (n = 377) group. INTERVENTION A comprehensive geriatric assessment with a multifactorial intervention lasting two years. The intervention included individualized referrals, recommendations, physical activity counselling and supervised resistance training. MEASUREMENTS Perceived limitation in walking 400m was gathered annually during the intervention and at the one-year post-intervention follow-up. RESULTS The proportion of persons with mobility limitation at the beginning, at the two-year intervention and at the one-year post-intervention follow-up was 16%, 15%, 12% and 14%, respectively, in the intervention group. In the control group, the corresponding proportions were 19%, 18%, 23% and 26%. The treatment effect was significant at the end of the two-year intervention (odds ratio 0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.70-0.96, P = 0.013), and at the one-year post-intervention follow-up (0.84, 0.75-0.94, P = 0.002). The parallel positive effect of the intervention on mobility was even greater among persons with musculoskeletal pain. CONCLUSION The comprehensive geriatric assessment and individually tailored multifactorial intervention had a positive effect on mobility, underlining their importance in health promotion and disability prevention in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Lihavainen
- Gerontology Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Impact of pain reported during isometric quadriceps muscle strength testing in people with knee pain: data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Phys Ther 2011; 91:1478-89. [PMID: 21835892 PMCID: PMC3185222 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20110034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle force testing is one of the more common categories of diagnostic tests used in clinical practice. Clinicians have little evidence to guide interpretations of muscle force tests when pain is elicited during testing. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the construct validity of isometric quadriceps muscle strength tests by determining whether the relationship between maximal isometric quadriceps muscle strength and functional status was influenced by pain during isometric testing. DESIGN A cross-sectional design was used. METHODS Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative were used to identify 1,344 people with unilateral knee pain and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain subscale scores of 1 or higher on the involved side. Measurements of maximal isometric quadriceps strength and ratings of pain during isometric testing were collected. Outcome variables were WOMAC physical function subscale, 20-m walk test, 400-m walk test, and a repeated chair stand test. Multiple regression models were used to determine whether pain during testing modified or confounded the relationship between strength and functional status. RESULTS Pearson r correlations among the isometric quadriceps strength measures and the 4 outcome measures ranged from -.36 (95% confidence interval=-.41, -.31) for repeated chair stands to .36 (95% confidence interval=.31, .41) for the 20-m walk test. In the final analyses, neither effect modification nor confounding was found for the repeated chair stand test, the 20-m walk test, the 400-m walk test, or the WOMAC physical function subscale. Moderate or severe pain during testing was weakly associated with reduced strength, but mild pain was not. LIMITATIONS The disease spectrum was skewed toward mild or moderate symptoms, and the pain measurement scale used during muscle force testing was not ideal. CONCLUSIONS Given that the spectrum of the sample was skewed toward mild or moderate symptoms and disease, the data suggest that isometric quadriceps muscle strength tests maintain their relationship with self-report or performance-based disability measures even when pain is elicited during testing.
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Riddle DL, Kong X, Fitzgerald GK. Psychological health impact on 2-year changes in pain and function in persons with knee pain: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011; 19:1095-101. [PMID: 21723400 PMCID: PMC3159740 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We determined whether baseline depressive symptoms, knee-related confidence and general psychological distress influenced changes in pain and function during 2 years of follow-up. DESIGN We included persons in the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) dataset with baseline pain of 1 or greater on a 0-10 scale in at least one knee and no knee or hip surgery during the 2-year follow-up (n=3407). The four outcome variables were repeated chair standing, 20 m walk and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Pain and Disability. Linear mixed effects models assessed the association of each mental health variable with the yearly change in each baseline adjusted outcome measure after controlling for covariates. RESULTS Depressive symptoms were significantly predictive of worsening in most outcomes. The magnitude of worsening predicted for each year was small. For example, the dichotomized WOMAC Pain model indicated that depressed persons experience more rapid worsening than non-depressed persons at an average rate of 0.59 WOMAC points per year (95% CI 0.176, 1.013, P=0.005). Similar significant but very small effects of depressive symptoms on other outcomes were observed. Knee confidence was not predictive of change. General psychological distress was predictive of change in 20-m walk and WOMAC Pain. CONCLUSIONS The most consistent psychological predictor of yearly worsening was baseline depressive symptoms. Although a statistically robust predictor of outcome, given that change was very small and highly dependent on baseline status, our results indicate that a considerable degree of persistent depressive symptoms would be required to have a meaningful effect on future self-reported outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Riddle
- Departments of Physical Therapy and Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0224, Phone: 804-828-0234, Fax: 804-828-8111,
| | - Xiangrong Kong
- Department of Family Population and Reproductive Health and Department of Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G. Kelley Fitzgerald
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Riddle DL, Kong X, Jiranek WA. Factors associated with rapid progression to knee arthroplasty: complete analysis of three-year data from the osteoarthritis initiative. Joint Bone Spine 2011; 79:298-303. [PMID: 21727020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Only a few studies have identified prognostic factors indicating risk of future knee arthroplasty in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. The Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) is a National Institutes of Health and privately funded cohort study of 4796 persons with or at high risk of knee OA. The OAI is ideally suited to a more extensive study of knee arthroplasty prognostic factors than has been undertaken. The purpose of our study was to identify patient factors which predict rapid progression to knee arthroplasty, defined as arthroplasty within three years of baseline data collection. METHODS We used alternating logistic regression models to analyze complete three year follow-up data from the OAI on 4670 persons with, or at risk for knee OA, aged 45 to 79 years during the years 2004 to 2008. RESULTS A total of 128 knees (116 persons) underwent knee arthroplasty during the study period. After adjusting for known prognostic factors, several previously unidentified predictors of future knee arthroplasty were found including past history of knee surgery (RR=2.04, 95% CI=1.33, 3.13), knee flexion contracture in degrees (RR=1.06, 95% CI=1.02, 1.11) and pain, on a 0 to 10 scale, with active knee flexion (RR=1.58, 95% CI=1.04, 2.39). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS This study identifies new and easily measured clinical variables that are associated with more rapid progression to arthroplasty. The data may help to inform both physicians and patients of medical history and clinical examination findings most highly associated with short-term arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Riddle
- Department of Physical Therapy, West Hospital, Room B-100, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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Tanimura C, Morimoto M, Hiramatsu K, Hagino H. Difficulties in the daily life of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: scale development and descriptive study. J Clin Nurs 2011; 20:743-53. [PMID: 21320203 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to develop an instrument to assess difficulties in daily life experienced by patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and to investigate factors influencing difficulties in daily life. BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis of the knee is commonly associated with clinical symptoms and disabilities. No scale has been available to assess the comprehensive and subjective difficulties felt in daily life by patients affected in social and cultural lifestyle. Therefore, little is known about difficulties in osteoarthritis of the knee patients and supportive care necessary for them. DESIGN A scale development and descriptive study. METHODS The participants consisted of 362 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. The scale development involved several phases including item development, reliability testing, criterion-related validity testing and construct validity testing. RESULTS The exploratory factor analysis included three domains: 'suffering in social life', 'hardship in activities in daily life' and 'apprehension about the future life'. A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed validity of the construct, with a demonstrated good fit between the factor structure of the new scale and the observed data. Difficulties in daily life scores were significantly influenced by pain, loss of balance, muscle weakness, stiffness and swelling. CONCLUSION We developed a reliable and valid scale for the measurement of difficulties in daily life experienced by patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. It is important for healthcare professionals to understand these difficulties in daily life experienced by patients with osteoarthritis of the knee and to educate patients with practical information and self-management strategies. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This new scale could provide useful information to guide clinical practice in assessing and managing difficulties in daily life experienced by patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Tanimura
- Department of Adult & Elderly Nursing, School of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
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Wood LRJ, Peat GM, Mullis R, Thomas E, Foster NE. Impairment-targeted exercises for older adults with knee pain: protocol for a proof-of-principle study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2011; 12:2. [PMID: 21214901 PMCID: PMC3025930 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-12-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise therapy for knee pain and osteoarthritis remains a key element of conservative treatment, recommended in clinical guidelines. Yet systematic reviews point to only modest benefits from exercise interventions.One reason for this might be that clinical trials tend to use a one-size-fits-all approach to exercise, effectively disregarding the details of their participants' clinical presentations. This uncontrolled before-after study (TargET-Knee-Pain) aims to test the principle that exercises targeted at the specific physical impairments of older adults with knee pain may be able to significantly improve those impairments. It is a first step towards testing the effectiveness of this more individually-tailored approach. METHODS/DESIGN We aim to recruit 60 participants from an existing observational cohort of community-dwelling older adults with knee pain. Participants will all have at least one of the three physical impairments of weak quadriceps, a reduced range of knee flexion and poor standing balance. Each participant will be asked to undertake a programme of exercises, targeted at their particular combination and degree of impairment(s), over the course of twelve weeks. The exercises will be taught and progressed by an experienced physiotherapist, with reference to a "menu" of agreed exercises for each of the impairments, over the course of six fortnightly home visits, alternating with six fortnightly telephone calls. Primary outcome measures will be isometric quadriceps strength, knee flexion range of motion, timed single-leg standing balance and the "Four Balance Test Scale" at 12 weeks. Key secondary outcome measures will be self-reported levels of pain, stiffness and difficulties with day-to-day functional tasks (WOMAC). Outcome measures will be taken at three time-points (baseline, six weeks and twelve weeks) by a study nurse blinded to the exercise status of the participants. DISCUSSION This study (TargET-Knee-Pain) is the first step towards exploring whether an impairment-targeted approach to exercise prescription for older adults with knee pain may have sufficient efficacy to warrant further testing. If warranted, future randomised clinical trials may compare this approach with more traditional one-size-fits-all exercise approaches. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN61638364.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence RJ Wood
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST7 8AE, UK
| | - George M Peat
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST7 8AE, UK
| | - Ricky Mullis
- General Practice and Primary Care Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, IPH, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Elaine Thomas
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST7 8AE, UK
| | - Nadine E Foster
- Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST7 8AE, UK
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Sweitzer BA, Cook C, Steadman JR, Hawkins RJ, Wyland DJ. The inter-rater reliability and diagnostic accuracy of patellar mobility tests in patients with anterior knee pain. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2010; 38:90-6. [PMID: 20959701 DOI: 10.3810/psm.2010.10.1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) often have nonspecific findings on clinical examination. A tight knee and diminished patellar mobility in particular, may contribute to anterior knee pain. METHODS Qualifying patients with anterior knee pain of > 4 weeks were sequentially examined by 2 physicians who used the patellar mobility tests. The tests evaluated for diminished patellar translation superior-inferiorly and medial-laterally, diminished patellar tendon mobility, and absent inferior pole tilt. Each of the 4 tests was scored as 1 (diminished/absent) or 0 (nondiminished/normal), with the sum of the scores determining the patellar mobility scale. Inter-rater reliability and diagnostic accuracy were determined and analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the capacity of the patellar mobility scale to predict PFPS. RESULTS 98 patients participated in the study. The inter-rater reliability for the 4 individual patellar mobility tests was moderately strong, with diminished medial-lateral patellar mobility demonstrating the strongest reliability (Kappa value [K], 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42-0.72), followed by diminished superior-inferior mobility (K), 0.55; 95% CI, -0.37 to 0.69), inferior pole tilt (K, 0.48; 95% CI, -0.28 to 0.61), and patellar tendon mobility (K, 0.45; 95% CI, -0.27 to 0.56). The diagnostic accuracy of the individual patellar mobility tests in diagnosing PFPS was fair to moderate, with the individual diminished patella tendon mobility test having the highest level of diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, 49%; specificity, 83%; likelihood ratio [LR] ± 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3-7.3) and also having the highest positive predictive value (0.88). Diminished medial-lateral mobility was second in diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, 54%; specificity, 69%; LR ± 1.8; 95% CI, 0.9-3.6). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed only moderate levels of diagnostic capacity (area under the curve, 0.65) because combining all 4 patellar mobility tests to form the patellar mobility scale did not improve the diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSION The clinical importance of diminished patellar and/or patellar tendon mobility findings in the evaluation of patients with anterior knee pain remains unclear. We determined that individual patellar mobility tests had moderate levels of inter-rater reliability, the best agreement found with medial-lateral mobility. The accuracy of the patellar mobility scale for diagnosing PFPS was marginal. As a tool, this cluster of examination techniques may be used by physicians to better understand their patients' conditions and descriptively communicate their findings. However, the patellar mobility scale cannot be used alone for determining the diagnosis of PFPS, as defined in our study. Future studies aim to determine whether post-treatment symptomatic improvements correlate with an improvement on the patellar mobility scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Sweitzer
- Einstein Regional Orthopaedic Specialists, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Scopaz KA, Piva SR, Wisniewski S, Fitzgerald GK. Relationships of fear, anxiety, and depression with physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2009; 90:1866-73. [PMID: 19887210 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2009.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore whether the psychologic variables anxiety, depression, and fear-avoidance beliefs, and interactions between these variables, are associated with physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). We hypothesized lower levels of function would be related to higher anxiety, higher depression, and higher fear-avoidance beliefs, and that high levels of 2 of these factors simultaneously might interact to have a greater adverse effect on physical function. DESIGN Cross-sectional, correlational design. SETTING Institutional practice. PARTICIPANTS Subjects included patients with knee OA (N=182; age, mean +/- SD, 63.9+/-8.8y; 122 women). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-report measures of function included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index, the Lower Extremity Function Scale (LEFS), and the Knee Outcome Survey-Activity of Daily Living Scale. The Get Up and Go test was used as a physical performance measure of function. Self-report measures for psychologic variables included the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and the Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire-Physical Activity Scale modified for the knee. RESULTS Higher anxiety was related to poorer function on the WOMAC physical function. Both high anxiety and fear-avoidance beliefs were related to poorer function on the LEFS and Knee Outcome Survey-Activity of Daily Living Scale. There was no association between the psychologic variables and the Get Up and Go test. The anxiety x depression interaction was associated with the LEFS. CONCLUSIONS Anxiety and fear-avoidance beliefs are associated with self-report measures of function in patients with knee OA. Depression may influence scores on the LEFS under conditions of low anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Scopaz
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Konishi I, Tanabe N, Seki N, Suzuki H, Okamura T, Shinoda K, Hoshino E. Physiotherapy Program through Home Visits for Community-Dwelling Elderly Japanese Women with Mild Knee Pain. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2009; 219:91-9. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.219.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isamu Konishi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare
- Division of Public Health, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Naohito Tanabe
- Division of Health Promotion, Department of Community Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Nao Seki
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Division of Public Health, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | - Taro Okamura
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Care Sciences, Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences
| | | | - Emiko Hoshino
- Department of Social Welfare, Niigata University of Health and Welfare
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