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Pucci V, Guerra C, Barsi A, Nucci M, Mondini S. How long have you exercised in your life? The effect of motor reserve and current physical activity on cognitive performance. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024; 30:11-17. [PMID: 37066835 DOI: 10.1017/s135561772300022x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aging of the population encourages research on how to preserve cognition and quality of life. Many studies have shown that Physical Activity (PA) positively affects cognition in older adults. However, PA carried out throughout the individual's lifespan may also have an impact on cognition in old age. We hypothesize the existence of Motor Reserve (MR), a flexible and dynamic construct that increases over time and compensates for age-related motor and cognitive loss. METHODS Two questionnaires were developed and validated to estimate MR (Physical Activity carried out throughout the individual's lifespan) and Current Physical Activity (CPA, PA carried out in the previous 12 months). They were administered to 75 healthy individuals over 50 to verify the relation with cognition. MR and CPA include physical exercise (i.e., structured activities to improve or maintain physical fitness) and incidental PA, which we consider as any movement that leads to a metabolic cost above baseline (e.g., housekeeping, walking). In addition, the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRI), a reliable predictor of cognitive performance, was used to measure each participant's Cognitive Reserve. RESULTS The factors that most influenced performance are Age and Cognitive Reserve, but also MR and CPA together and MR when it is the only factor. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive variability in adult and elderly populations is explained by both MR and CPA. PA training could profitably be included in new preventive and existing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Pucci
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, FISPPA, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Human Inspired Technology Research-Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carolina Guerra
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, FISPPA, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Amanda Barsi
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, FISPPA, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Nucci
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Mondini
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, FISPPA, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Human Inspired Technology Research-Centre, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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2
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Souza MA, Peres Bomfim LG, de Barros VL, Medeiros RC, Ginsicke DC, Colovati MES, Daly T, Zanesco A. The Differential Effect of Schooling and Physical Activity on Dementia in Older Women and Men from Brazil: Implications for Policymaking. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:859-867. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Modifiable risk factors exert crucial impact on dementia. Objective: We sought to answer the question: do two modifiable risk factors, schooling level and physical activity (PA), affect cognitive function similarly in each sex? Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 and 2021, and the survey was applied to the residents of the metropolitan area of Santos, a seashore of Sao Paulo State. Four hundred and twenty-two participants (women = 254 and men = 168) were eligible. Baecke questionnaire for the elderly was applied for the classification as physically inactive (PI) or active (PA). Cognitive function was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). Participants were also stratified by schooling status for both sexes. Results: Higher education had a sex-independent positive influence on MMSE and CDR (p < 0.001). PA influences positively MMSE in older women (PI: 25±5 and PA: 27±3, p < 0.03), but has no effect in older men (26±5 and 25±5, p > 0.05). Concordantly, older women who were PA (1.7 and 0 %) showed a lower prevalence of dementia compared with PI (6.2 and 2.1%), for mild and moderate respectively. Active older women had higher odds of improving the MMSE score (OR: 1.093; 95% CI: 1.008–1.186) than men (OR: 0.97 (95% CI: 0.896–1.051). Conclusion: Education affects cognitive function equally in Brazilian elderly whereas older women are more responsive to the beneficial effects of PA for dementia than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melyssa Alves Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Health, Metropolitan University of Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Gomes Peres Bomfim
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Health, Metropolitan University of Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Lúcio de Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Health, Metropolitan University of Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Coelho Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Health, Metropolitan University of Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle Cristine Ginsicke
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Health, Metropolitan University of Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Timothy Daly
- Sorbonne Université, Science Norms Democracy, UMR 8011, Paris, France
| | - Angelina Zanesco
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Health, Metropolitan University of Santos (UNIMES), Santos, SP, Brazil
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3
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Colovati MES, Novais IP, Zampol M, Mendes GD, Cernach MCS, Zanesco A. Interaction between physical exercise and APOE gene polymorphism on cognitive function in older people. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 54:e10098. [PMID: 33331535 PMCID: PMC7727114 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x202010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to present an overview of the literature regarding the interaction between physical exercise and APOE gene polymorphism on cognitive function, particularly in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Firstly, this review focused on the effect of the physical exercise on cognitive function, regardless of APOE gene polymorphism. Some studies have shown that a high level of cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with less neuronal damage with an improvement in memory score tests whereas other studies failed to detect any association between physical exercise and cognitive improvement either in healthy individuals or patients with AD. Taken together, standardized protocols and more longitudinal studies are required to provide a better insight into the effects of physical exercise on cognitive function. Although there is no agreement in the literature regarding the effects of physical exercise on cognitive function, it is well established that it improves social interaction and the feeling of well-being, thereby positively contributing to the quality of life of the elderly. Regarding the influence of physical exercise on cognitive function in APOE ε4 allele carriers, the data trend shows that the carriers of allele ε4 for APOE gene were more responsive to the beneficial effects of physical exercise on cognitive function compared with non-carriers. Nevertheless, studies with larger sample sizes will provide more accuracy about this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E S Colovati
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia do Envelhecimento, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brasil
| | - I P Novais
- Departamento de Saúde I, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física UESB/UESC, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, BA, Brasil
| | - M Zampol
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia do Envelhecimento, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brasil
| | - G D Mendes
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia do Envelhecimento, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brasil
| | - M C S Cernach
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia do Envelhecimento, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brasil
| | - A Zanesco
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia do Envelhecimento, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brasil
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4
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Salisbury DL, Yu F. A Comparison of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing and Field Walking Tests in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Dementia. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 28:911-919. [PMID: 32498039 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among peak exercise parameters on 6-min walk test, shuttle walk test, and laboratory-based cardiopulmonary exercise testing in persons with Alzheimer's dementia. This study is a cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data of 90 participants (age 77.1 [6.6] years, 43% female) from the FIT-AD trial. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing produced significantly higher peak heart rate (118.6 [17.5] vs. 106 [22.8] vs. 106 [18.8] beats/min), rating of perceived exertion (16 [2.1] vs. 12 [2.3] vs. 11 [2.1]), and systolic blood pressure (182 [23.7] vs. 156 [18.9] vs. 150 [16.9] mmHg) compared with the shuttle walk test and 6-min walk test, respectively. Peak walking distance on shuttle walk test (241.3 [127.3] m) and 6-min walk test (365.0 [107.9] m) significantly correlated with peak oxygen consumption (17.1 [4.3] ml·kg-1·min-1) on cardiopulmonary exercise testing (r = .449, p ≤ .001 and r = .435, p ≤ .001), respectively, which is considerably lower than what is seen in older adults and persons with cardiopulmonary diseases.
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Salisbury D, Yu F. Establishing Reference Cardiorespiratory Fitness Parameters in Alzheimer's Disease. Sports Med Int Open 2020; 4:E1-E7. [PMID: 32010759 PMCID: PMC6992417 DOI: 10.1055/a-1089-4957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence is growing for aerobic exercise training as a viable means to attenuate cognitive losses associated with Alzheimer's disease. The mechanism of action for aerobic exercise's cognitive benefits is likely enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness and its response to incremental aerobic exercise have been incompletely evaluated in Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this analysis was to establish cardiorespiratory fitness reference values in older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease using a cardiopulmonary graded exercise testing. Ninety-seven community-dwelling older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease underwent a symptom limited cardiopulmonary graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Differences between sexes and between Alzheimer's disease participants with and without diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases were assessed by independent T-tests. Peak oxygen consumption was 10-20% lower than those achieved by similar clinical populations on treadmill tests. As expected, males produced significantly higher peak oxygen consumption compared to females (p =0 .02). However, the presence of concurrent cardiovascular disease did not result in statistically significant lower peak oxygen consumption compared to those without cardiovascular disease. These data provide a frame of reference for metabolic, cardiovascular, and ventilatory function during cardiopulmonary graded exercise testing performed on cycle ergometer in older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dereck Salisbury
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Fang Yu
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, United States
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6
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Agbangla NF, Fraser SA, Albinet CT. An Overview of the Cardiorespiratory Hypothesis and Its Potential Contribution to the Care of Neurodegenerative Disease in Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55090601. [PMID: 31533346 PMCID: PMC6780802 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55090601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One hypothesis that could explain the beneficial effects of physical exercise on cognitive function is the cardiorespiratory hypothesis. This hypothesis proposes that improved cognitive functioning may be in part a result of the physiological processes that occur after physical exercise such as: Increased cerebral perfusion and regional cerebral blood flow. These processes ensure increased oxygenation and glucose transportation to the brain, which together can improve cognitive function. The objective of this narrative review is to examine the contribution of this hypothesis in the care of African older adults with neurodegenerative conditions (i.e., dementia (Alzheimer’s disease)) or with mild cognitive impairments. Although studies in developed countries have examined people of African descent (i.e., with African Americans), only the limited findings presented in this review reflect how these conditions are also important for the African continent. This review revealed that no studies have examined the effects of cardiorespiratory fitness on neurodegenerative disease in Africa. African nations, like many other developing countries, have an aging population that is growing and will face an increased risk of neurodegenerative declines. It is therefore imperative that new research projects be developed to explore the role of the cardiorespiratory fitness in neurodegenerative disease prevention in African nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nounagnon Frutueux Agbangla
- Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société (URePSSS-EA 7369), Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Sarah A Fraser
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5S9, Canada.
| | - Cédric T Albinet
- Laboratoire Sciences de la Cognition, Technologie, Ergonomie (SCoTE-EA7420), Université de Toulouse, INU Champollion, 81012 Albi, France.
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Haeger A, Costa AS, Schulz JB, Reetz K. Cerebral changes improved by physical activity during cognitive decline: A systematic review on MRI studies. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 23:101933. [PMID: 31491837 PMCID: PMC6699421 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment in late-life cognitive impairment and dementia is still limited, and there is no cure for brain tissue degeneration or reversal of cognitive decline. Physical activity represents a promising non-pharmacological interventional approach in many diseases causing cognitive impairment, but its effect on brain integrity is still largely unknown. Especially research of cerebral alterations in disease state that goes beyond observations of clinical improvement is crucial to understand disease processes and possible effective treatments. In this systematic review, we address the question how physical activity and fitness in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) influences brain architecture compared to cognitively healthy elderly. We review both interventional studies comprising aerobic, coordinative and resistance exercises and observational studies on fitness and physical activity combined with Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI). Different MRI approaches were included such as volumetric and structural analyses, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), functional MRI and Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF). We evaluate MRI results for different exercise modalities and performed a methodological evaluation of interventional studies in cognitive decline compared to normal aging. According to our results, among 12 interventions in AD/MCI, aerobic exercise is most frequently applied (9 studies). Interventions in AD/MCI altogether reveal a higher methodological quality compared to interventions in healthy elderly (8.33 ± 2.19 vs. 6.25 ± 2.36 out of 13 points), with most frequent missing aspects related to descriptions of complications, lack of intention-to-treat and statistical power analyses. Effects of aerobic exercise and fitness seem to mainly impact brain structures sensitive to neurodegeneration, which especially comprise frontal, temporal and parietal regions, such as the hippocampal/parahippocampal region, precuneus, anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex, which are reported by several studies. General fitness measured via an objective fitness assessment and questionnaires seems to have a more global cerebral effect, probably due to its long-term application, whereas distinct intervention effects of durations between 3 and 6 months seem to concentrate on more local brain regions as the hippocampus, which can also be influenced by region of interest analyses. There is still a lack of evidence on other or combined types of intervention modalities, such as resistance, coordinative as well as multicomponent exercise during cognitive decline, and complex interventions as dancing. Future research should examine their beneficial effect on brain integrity, since several non-MRI studies already point to their advantageous impact. As a further future prospect, combination and application of newly developed imaging methods such as metabolic imaging should be envisaged to understand physical activity and its cerebral influence under its many-sided facets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Haeger
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ana S Costa
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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8
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Agüera Sánchez MÁ, Barbancho Ma MÁ, García-Casares N. [Effect of physical exercise on Alzheimer's disease. A sistematic review]. Aten Primaria 2019; 52:307-318. [PMID: 31153668 PMCID: PMC7231856 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo El propósito de este estudio es investigar la evidencia científica sobre el efecto del ejercicio físico respecto al estado cognitivo y conductual como medida preventiva y terapéutica no farmacológica en la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA). Diseño Revisión sistemática Fuentes de datos: Pubmed, Science Direct, Medline y Scopus, con las palabras clave: Alzheimer, Exercise, Neuroimaging, MRI, PET y Physical Activity. Selección de artículos: Se incluyeron aquellos estudios en los que se evaluaba el efecto del ejercicio físico en la evolución de la EA y que además contenían pruebas de imagen (resonancia magnética nuclear o tomografía por emisión de positrones) con marcador Pittsburg Compound B (PiB) analizando la atrofia cerebral o el aumento del depósito de beta-Amiloide respectivamente. Se excluyeron aquellos estudios en otros tipos de demencia que no fueran la EA, los que no incluían pruebas de neuroimagen, los casos únicos y aquellos de lengua no inglesa. Para la extracción de datos se utilizó la escala de calidad PRISMA para la lectura crítica de los estudios. Los investigadores evaluaron de forma independiente los artículos y las discrepancias se resolvieron por consenso. Resultados Se identificaron 75 artículos, de los cuales 23 fueron finalmente incluidos en la revisión. Concusiones La mayoría de los estudios incluidos no permiten conocer la repercusión del ejercicio físico a nivel cognitivo y sobre los cambios estructurales y funcionales cerebrales en pacientes con riesgo de desarrollar la EA o en pacientes que ya presentan la enfermedad. Sin poder descartase un posible efecto beneficioso, son necesarios más estudios con un mejor diseño y rigor metodológico que permitan un mejor conocimiento de esta asociación.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Ángel Barbancho Ma
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Histología Humana, Anatomía patológica y Educación Física y Deportiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España; Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (C.I.M.E.S), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, España
| | - Natalia García-Casares
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España; Centro de Investigaciones Médico-Sanitarias (C.I.M.E.S), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, España.
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Molina-Sotomayor E, González Orb M, Pradas de la Fuente F, Carozzi Figueroa G, Sánchez-Oliver AJ, González-Jurado JA. Effects of Cardiorespiratory Exercise on Cognition in Older Women Exposed to Air Pollution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16020245. [PMID: 30654519 PMCID: PMC6352227 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to analyze the effects of cardiorespiratory exercise and air pollution on cognition and cardiovascular markers in four groups of older women: the active/clean air group (AC), the active/polluted air group (AP), the sedentary/clean air group (SC), and the sedentary/polluted air group (SP). Active groups performed a training task based on progressive walking. Prior to and after the experiment, the following parameters were assessed: cognition, by Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE); maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), estimated by the Six-Minute Walk Test (6mWT); heart rate (HR); and oxygen saturation (SpO2). There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the AC and the SP in all the MMSE dimensions except “Registration”, and in all the physiological variables (VO2max, SpO2, HR). Aerobic exercise may be a protective factor against the effects that pollution have on cognition and on the mechanisms of oxygen transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Molina-Sotomayor
- Departamento de Educación Física, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago 7760197, Chile.
| | - Marcelo González Orb
- Departamento de Educación Física, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago 7760197, Chile.
| | | | - Giovanni Carozzi Figueroa
- Departamento de Educación Física, Universidad San Sebastián-Chile, Recoleta, Santiago 8420000, Chile.
| | - Antonio Jesús Sánchez-Oliver
- Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain.
- Área de Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41013, Spain.
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Zanco M, Plácido J, Marinho V, Ferreira JV, de Oliveira F, Monteiro-Junior R, Barca M, Engedal K, Laks J, Deslandes A. Spatial Navigation in the Elderly with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 66:1683-1694. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Zanco
- Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jessica Plácido
- Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valeska Marinho
- Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe de Oliveira
- Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato Monteiro-Junior
- Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Barca
- Norwegian Advisory Unit for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, T–nsberg, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Engedal
- Norwegian Advisory Unit for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, T–nsberg, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jerson Laks
- Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Deslandes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Bronas UG, Salisbury D, Kelly K, Leon A, Chow L, Yu F. Determination of Aerobic Capacity via Cycle Ergometer Exercise Testing in Alzheimer's Disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2017; 32:500-508. [PMID: 28718297 PMCID: PMC7783779 DOI: 10.1177/1533317517720065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be unable to perform treadmill testing due to balance issues. We investigated whether older adults with AD could successfully complete a peak cycle ergometer test. METHODS Peak oxygen consumption (peak [Formula: see text]) assessed via a cycle ergometer test in 44 participants with AD (age 78.4 ± 6.8). Physical function was assessed via the incremental shuttle walk, 6-minute walk, and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). RESULTS All participants completed the cycle ergometer test successfully. Peak [Formula: see text] was correlated with SPPB ( r = .35, P = .023), shuttle walk ( r = .35, P = .024), 6-minute walk ( r = .31, P = .05), and inversely with age ( r = -.4, P = .009). There was no correlation between peak [Formula: see text] and cognition. CONCLUSION Older adults with AD are able to safely complete a peak cycle ergometer exercise testing protocol. We provide an individualized cycle ergometer test for determining aerobic capacity in older adults with AD who may be unable to perform treadmill testing due to balance or gait issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf G. Bronas
- Department of Biobehavioral health science, College of Nursing, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dereck Salisbury
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kaitlin Kelly
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Arthur Leon
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lisa Chow
- Department Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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12
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Changes of brain activity during a functional magnetic resonance imaging stroop task study: Effect of Chinese herbal formula in Alzheimer’s disease. Eur J Integr Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Decreased tidal volume may limit cardiopulmonary performance during exercise in subacute stroke. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2016; 35:334-41. [PMID: 26034936 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this retrospective study was to determine whether pulmonary function was reduced at submaximal and peak exercise in subacute stroke (SG) when compared with sedentary adults (CON). METHODS Ten individuals with subacute stroke and 10 sedentary, age- and gender-matched adults performed cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), using a recumbent stepper. We used independent t tests to determine between-group differences at peak effort. We used repeated-measures analysis of variance with Test Minute (minutes 1-6) as the within-subject factor and Group (SG, CON) as the between-subject factor to assess cardiopulmonary submaximal performance. RESULTS The SG had significantly lower values (P < .05) for oxygen uptake, minute ventilation ((Equation is included in full-text article.)E), and tidal volume (VT) than CON at peak effort of the CPET. During CPET submaximal effort, we report a significant main effect for Test Minute and Group for VT and respiratory rate but no main effect of Group for (Equation is included in full-text article.)E. To maintain adequate (Equation is included in full-text article.)E during submaximal effort and decreased VT, higher respiratory rate was observed. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that diminished VT in subacute stroke patients may limit performance during submaximal and peak effort of CPET. Rehabilitation professionals should consider methods for improving pulmonary function during stroke rehabilitation.
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