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Michiels S. Somatosensory Tinnitus: Recent Developments in Diagnosis and Treatment. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2023; 24:465-472. [PMID: 37794291 PMCID: PMC10695899 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-023-00912-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatosensory tinnitus (ST) is a type of tinnitus where changes in somatosensory input from the head-neck area are one of the influencing factors of a patient's tinnitus. As there are often several influencing factors, identifying a clear somatosensory influence on an individual patient's tinnitus is often a challenge. Therefore, a decision tree using four clinical criteria has been proposed that can help diagnose ST with an accuracy of 82.2%, a sensitivity of 82.5%, and a specificity of 79%. Once correctly diagnosed, patients can be successfully treated using a musculoskeletal physical therapy treatment. This type of treatment can either be directed at cervical spine dysfunctions, temporomandibular disorders, or both and consists of a combination of counseling, exercises, and manual techniques to restore normal function of the cervical spine and temporomandibular area. Other techniques have been suggested but need further investigation in larger RCTs. In most cases, ST treatment shows a decrease in tinnitus severity or loudness, but in rare cases, total remission of the tinnitus is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Michiels
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, BE, Belgium.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Demoen S, Michiels S, Gilles A, Vermeersch H, Joossen I, Vanderveken OM, Lammers MJW, Timmermans A, Van Rompaey V, Baguley D, Jacquemin L. Pilot study on the role of somatic modulation in hyperacusis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:1425-1435. [PMID: 36224398 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07695-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperacusis is a reduced tolerance to sounds that often co-occurs with tinnitus. Both symptoms have convergent as well as divergent characteristics. Somatic modulation, changes in pitch or loudness during certain movements, is common in patients with a primary complaint of tinnitus. However, thus far, this is not documented in patients with hyperacusis. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the influence of somatic manoeuvres on the perception of external sounds in patients with a primary complaint of hyperacusis. METHODOLOGY In this prospective cross-sectional pilot study, 18 patients with a primary complaint of hyperacusis were recruited at the Tinnitus Treatment and Research Center Antwerp (TINTRA). While patients listened to a 1 kHz broadband noise of 30 dB sensation level, six neck manoeuvres (flexion, extension, lateroflexion left/right, traction and compression), three jaw manoeuvres (protrusion, laterotrusion left/right) and one placebo manoeuvre (hand on head) were performed. The primary outcome measure was the change in the perception of the presented sound in terms of loudness and intrusiveness between baseline and each modulation measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS No overall significant changes were found; however, individual results indicated that five patients presented a clinically relevant change of more than three points out of ten on VAS in terms of hyperacusis after at least one of the executed somatic manoeuvres. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study did not demonstrate an overall significant change in hyperacusis after somatic manoeuvres but does not rule out the possibility of somatic modulation in some hyperacusis patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol of this prospective cross-sectional pilot study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov with registration number NCT04693819.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Demoen
- Rehabilitation Research Center, REVAL, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt University Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Sarah Michiels
- Rehabilitation Research Center, REVAL, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt University Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Annick Gilles
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Education, Health and Social Work, University College Ghent, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanne Vermeersch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Iris Joossen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Olivier M Vanderveken
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc J W Lammers
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annick Timmermans
- Rehabilitation Research Center, REVAL, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt University Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Vincent Van Rompaey
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - David Baguley
- Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, 0115, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, 0115, UK
- Nottingham Audiology Services, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, 0115, UK
| | - Laure Jacquemin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
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Yang L, Li Y, Pang X, Li D, Wu Y, Chen X, Peng B. Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion Surgery for Cervical Spondylosis with Concomitant Tinnitus: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study. Orthop Surg 2022; 15:133-140. [PMID: 36394075 PMCID: PMC9837213 DOI: 10.1111/os.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cervical spondylosis is often accompanied by tinnitus. Up to now, there is a lack of large samples and prospective studies to investigate the effect of anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) on tinnitus associate with cervical spondylosis. To this end, we performed a prospective cohort study to assess the effectiveness of ACDF on the relief of tinnitus. METHODS This was a multicenter, prospective, cohort clinical study. Between August 2017 and August 2018, 174 patients with cervical spondylosis accompanied by tinnitus were enrolled, with a follow-up of 12 months. Among the 174 patients, 142 received anterior cervical surgery (surgery group) and 32 received conservative treatment (conservative group). The primary end point was the mean change in scores on the tinnitus functional index (TFI). The secondary end points included tinnitus loudness, modified Japanese orthopaedic association scores (mJOA) for spinal cord function, and visual analogue scale (VAS) for neck pain. All the above indexes were measured before treatments and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatments. One-way analysis of variance and paired samples t-test was adopted for statistical analysis. RESULTS The TFI score was reduced immediately after cervical decompression surgery (from 54.7 ± 15.6 to 32.3 ± 12.5, P < 0.001) and this was sustained at 12 months (P < 0.001). The TFI score of the conservative group also decreased (from 53.9 ± 16.8 to 45.2 ± 13.6, P < 0.001), but the effect was not maintained at 12 months (P = 0.069). There was a significant improvement in tinnitus loudness (from 5.2 ± 1.6 to 2.6 ± 1.9, P < 0.001), mJOA (from 12.0 ± 1.6 to 14.2 ± 1.6, P < 0.001), and VAS for neck pain (from 58.5 ± 9.6 to 22.0 ± 16.4, P < 0.001) in the surgical group. Improvements in the surgical group were statistically significantly greater than that in the conservative group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study indicates that anterior cervical surgery can relieve tinnitus in patients with cervical spondylosis and that tinnitus is an accompanying manifestation of cervical spondylosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yang
- Department of OrthopaedicsFeatured Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police ForcesTianjingChina,Department of OrthopaedicsThe Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yongchao Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiaodong Pang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Duanming Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of OrthopaedicsBeijing 304th HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiongsheng Chen
- Spine Center, Department of OrthopaedicsShanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Baogan Peng
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Tinnitus can be influenced by changes in somatosensory afference from the cervical spine or temporomandibular area, then called somatosensory or somatic tinnitus (ST). In 2018, a new set of diagnostic criteria for ST was agreed upon by a large group of ST experts. Currently, however, it still requires extensive and specific expertise to diagnose ST correctly. The next step in the development of easily applicable diagnostic criteria is to assess the diagnostic value of each individual criterion. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was, therefore, to further investigate the diagnostic value of these criteria, validate them empirically, and identify their sensitivity and specificity. METHODS An online survey, questioning the presence of 12 diagnostic criteria for ST in a convenience sample of participants with tinnitus, was launched on the online forum Tinnitus Talk, managed by Tinnitus Hub. Participants were divided into three groups: a group with no somatic influence, a group with some somatic influence and a group with large somatic influence on their tinnitus. Chi-square tests were used to calculate differences between these groups. Afterward, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR), and pre- and posttest probabilities were calculated for each ST diagnostic criterion. For this analysis, all patients with some and large somatic influence were compared as one group to the group with no somatic influence. RESULTS In total, 8221 participants filled out the online survey. As expected, the diagnostic criteria for ST are more prevalent in the groups with somatic influence, but the criterium of tinnitus modulation also often occurs in the group with no somatic influence. The simultaneous onset or increase and decrease of both tinnitus and pain complaints have the highest positive LR (6.29 and 10.72, respectively), next to the influence of certain postures on the tinnitus (+LR: 6.04). To rule out ST, the absence of neck pain or tension in the neck extensor muscles are most suited, as they decrease the posttest probability to 18% and 19%, respectively. CONCLUSION The simultaneous onset or increase and decrease of tinnitus and neck or jaw pain and the influence of certain postures are most suited to use as a single criterion for identifying patients with a somatic influence on their tinnitus. On the other hand, the absence of neck pain or tension in the neck extensor muscles is valid criterion to rule out a somatic influence. Additional analysis is needed to identify clusters of symptoms and criteria to further aid ST diagnosis.
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Jinright H, Kassoff N, Williams C, Hazle C. Spurling's test - inconsistencies in clinical practice. J Man Manip Ther 2020; 29:23-32. [PMID: 32600155 DOI: 10.1080/10669817.2020.1762526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the methodology, interpretation, and perceived value of Spurling's test toward diagnosis/classification and treatment. Methods: An anonymous web-based survey was made available to physical therapist members of the Academy of Orthopaedic Physical Therapy of the American Physical Therapy Association. Based on video demonstrations of technique and symptom distribution, questions included preferred method, criteria for test interpretation, and perceived value of Spurling's test and other examination findings toward clinical decision-making. Professional profile data were also collected. Results: Among the 452 participants completing the survey, no method of testing was preferred by more than 37%, with ipsilateral lateral flexion, rotation, and extension with compression being most frequently preferred followed by ipsilateral lateral flexion with compression at 32%. Proximal provocation of symptoms only without distal symptoms was interpreted as a positive test by 67%. Participants rated Spurling's test of moderate to low value toward diagnosis/classification and treatment. Discussion: Inconsistency with methodology and interpretation of Spurling's test is suggested to be pervasive in physical therapist practice. While an optimal test methodology has yet to be identified, result interpretation does have a basis for clarification toward diagnosis/classification and reduction of unwanted variance in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Jinright
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Natalie Kassoff
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Clay Williams
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Charles Hazle
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY, USA
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Van der Wal A, Luyten T, Cardon E, Jacquemin L, Vanderveken OM, Topsakal V, Van de Heyning P, De Hertogh W, Van Looveren N, Van Rompaey V, Michiels S, Gilles A. Sex Differences in the Response to Different Tinnitus Treatment. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:422. [PMID: 32477049 PMCID: PMC7235341 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tinnitus is a complex symptom requiring a thorough multidisciplinary assessment to construct an individual’s tinnitus profile. The Antwerp University Hospital hosts a tertiary tinnitus clinic providing intensive, multidisciplinary tinnitus care in the form of combinational psychological treatment with either Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT)/Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) or TRT/eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR), high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS), and physical therapy treatment (in cases of somatic influence of the neck or the temporomandibular area). Several factors may contribute to therapy effect of which the role of gender has recently gained more interest. As such, the current manuscript explores gender differences in the outcome of different tinnitus treatments. Methods Data on treatment outcome of four distinct tinnitus treatments (1. HD-tDCS; 2. orofacial physical therapy; 3. combination TRT + CBT; and 4. combination TRT + EMDR) were pooled and compared. Treatment outcome was assessed via the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI). Participants completed the TFI at baseline, immediately after treatment and after 9 weeks (±3 weeks) follow-up. To explore the effect of gender on different treatment outcomes, a linear mixed model was designed including Time point, Gender, and Therapy Group as fixed factors as well as all interactions between these factors. Results TFI scores improved significantly over time regardless of therapy group (p < 0.0001). A mean TFI decrease of at least 13 points was obtained by all participants except by those in the HD-tDCS. Significant interactions between Gender and Time point were identified in all groups except for the TRT +EMDR group. Female subjects improved more extensively than males in the HD-tDCS (p = 0.0009) and orofacial therapy group (p = 0.0299). Contrarily, in the TRT +CBT group, male participants showed a significant improvement whereas the mean TFI scores of female subjects remained on baseline levels (p = 0.0138). Conclusion Our data suggest that male and female tinnitus patients seem to react differently to different therapy options. We strongly encourage further prospective studies to discern the relevance of gender in therapy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Van der Wal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tine Luyten
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Translational Neurosciences, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Emilie Cardon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Translational Neurosciences, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laure Jacquemin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Translational Neurosciences, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Olivier M Vanderveken
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Translational Neurosciences, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vedat Topsakal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Translational Neurosciences, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul Van de Heyning
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Translational Neurosciences, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Willem De Hertogh
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Vincent Van Rompaey
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Translational Neurosciences, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Michiels
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Translational Neurosciences, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annick Gilles
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Translational Neurosciences, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Education, Health and Social Work, University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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Wu D, Ham D, Rosedale R. Physiotherapy assessment and treatment of chronic subjective tinnitus using mechanical diagnosis and therapy: a case report. J Man Manip Ther 2020; 28:119-126. [PMID: 31942839 DOI: 10.1080/10669817.2020.1714160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Tinnitus is the perception of sound without any external auditory stimulus. Cervicogenic somatic tinnitus (CST) is a subset in which symptoms are modulated by maneuvers of the neck. The evidence for effective diagnosis and treatment of CST is limited. Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT) is a biopsychosocial assessment and management system that uses the response to mechanical forces to classify clinical presentations accurately. The purpose of this case report is to describe the MDT assessment and management of a patient with chronic subjective tinnitus.Methods: A 67-year-old female with a 5-year history of left-sided subjective tinnitus, neck pain, and headache was referred for physiotherapy. Outcome measures included the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), and Neck Disability Index (NDI). She was evaluated and treated according to MDT principles with management consisting of individualized directional preference exercises and postural correction.Results: Significant improvements in symptoms, cervical range of motion, function, and psychosocial status were observed over the long-term. At 6 months, THI scores dropped from 62/100 to 18/100 and NDI scores dropped from 18/50 to 3/50.Discussion: A comprehensive MDT assessment led to a classification of Derangement, with treatment focusing on tailored self-management. Contrary to other interventions described for CST, the patient was able to make significant and lasting changes to her symptoms without the need for any externally applied interventions. The emphasis on self-management dovetails well with the biopsychosocial model of care. This case provides preliminary evidence for the utility of screening for Derangement in conservative tinnitus assessments.Level of Evidence: 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Physio Cabrini, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Ham
- Bowmanville Family Physiotherapy, Bowmanville, ON, Canada
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Michiels S, Harrison S, Vesala M, Schlee W. The Presence of Physical Symptoms in Patients With Tinnitus: International Web-Based Survey. Interact J Med Res 2019; 8:e14519. [PMID: 31364603 PMCID: PMC6691675 DOI: 10.2196/14519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tinnitus, or ringing in the ears, is a phantom perception of sound in the absence of overt acoustic stimulation. Many patients indicate that the perception of their tinnitus is not constant and can vary from moment to moment. This tinnitus fluctuation is one of the diagnostic criteria for somatosensory tinnitus (ST), a tinnitus subtype that is influenced by cervical spine or temporomandibular dysfunctions, although various factors have been reported to cause fluctuations in tinnitus, such as stress, anxiety, and physical activity. Objective The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to investigate the presence of physical symptoms in a large group of participants with tinnitus and (2) to investigate if these physical symptoms are more frequently present in a subgroup of participants with ST. Methods A Web-based survey, questioning the presence of physical symptoms in a convenience sample of participants with tinnitus, was launched on the online forum, Tinnitus Talk, managed by Tinnitus Hub. After a general analysis of the physical symptoms present in our survey population, we further analyzed the group of participants who were diagnosed by a physician (n=1262). This subgroup was divided into 2 groups, one group diagnosed with ST and another group diagnosed with other types of tinnitus. Results In total, 6115 participants with a mean age of 54.08 years (SD 13.8) completed the survey. Physical symptoms were frequently present in our sample of participants with tinnitus: 4221 participants (69.02%) reported some form of neck pain, 429 (7.01%) were diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders, 2730 (44.64%) indicated they have bruxism, and between 858 and 1419 (14.03%-23.20%) participants were able to modulate their tinnitus by voluntary movements. ST was diagnosed in 154 out of 1262 (12.20%) participants whose tinnitus cause was diagnosed by a physician. Symptoms referring to the known diagnostic criteria were evidently more present in the ST group than in the non-ST group. Additionally, participants with ST more often indicated a negative effect of a bad night’s sleep (P=.01) and light intensity exercise (P=.01). Conclusions Physical activity and movement (disorders) frequently affect tinnitus severity. Head-neck related symptoms are more frequently reported in the ST group, as is the ability to modulate the tinnitus by head or jaw movements. Additionally, participants with ST more often report fluctuations of their tinnitus and reaction to sleeping difficulties and low intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Michiels
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Department of Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | | | - Winfried Schlee
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Bezirksklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Noreña AJ, Fournier P, Londero A, Ponsot D, Charpentier N. An Integrative Model Accounting for the Symptom Cluster Triggered After an Acoustic Shock. Trends Hear 2019; 22:2331216518801725. [PMID: 30249168 PMCID: PMC6156190 DOI: 10.1177/2331216518801725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustic shocks and traumas sometimes result in a cluster of debilitating symptoms, including tinnitus, hyperacusis, ear fullness and tension, dizziness, and pain in and outside the ear. The mechanisms underlying this large variety of symptoms remain elusive. In this article, we elaborate on the hypothesis that the tensor tympani muscle (TTM), the trigeminal nerve (TGN), and the trigeminal cervical complex (TCC) play a central role in generating these symptoms. We argue that TTM overuse (due to the acoustic shock), TTM overload (due to muscle tension), and ultimately, TTM injury (due to hypoxia and "energy crisis") lead to inflammation, thereby activating the TGN, TCC, and cortex. The TCC is a crossroad structure integrating sensory inputs coming from the head-neck complex (including the middle ear) and projecting back to it. The multimodal integration of the TCC may then account for referred pain outside the ear when the middle ear is inflamed and activates the TGN. We believe that our model proposes a synthetic and explanatory framework to explain the phenomena occurring postacoustic shock and potentially also after other nonauditory causes. Indeed, due to the bidirectional properties of the TCC, musculoskeletal disorders in the region of the head-neck complex, including neck injury due to whiplash or temporomandibular disorders, may impact the middle ear, thereby leading to otic symptoms. This previously unavailable model type is experimentally testable and must be taken as a starting point for identifying the mechanisms responsible for this particular subtype of tinnitus and its associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud J Noreña
- 1 Aix-Marseille Université, UMR CNRS 7260, Laboratoire Neurosciences Intégratives et Adaptatives-Centre Saint-Charles, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Fournier
- 1 Aix-Marseille Université, UMR CNRS 7260, Laboratoire Neurosciences Intégratives et Adaptatives-Centre Saint-Charles, Marseille, France
| | - Alain Londero
- 2 Service ORL et CCF, Hôpital Européen G. Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Damien Ponsot
- 3 Académie de Lyon-Lycée Germaine Tillion, Sain-Bel, France
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Reneker JC, Cheruvu VK, Yang J, James MA, Cook CE. Physical examination of dizziness in athletes after a concussion: A descriptive study. Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2018; 34:8-13. [PMID: 29197811 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dizziness is commonly reported after concussion. With the forces experienced at the time of the injury, several anatomical locations may have been altered, causing dizziness. OBJECTIVE Describe an objective examination and the types of impairment/dysfunction implicated by the results of clinical examination tests in subjects with dizziness after a concussion. DESIGN Cross-Sectional. METHODS Athletes between ages 10-23 were enrolled with a diagnosis of concussion. An examination was completed to identify areas potentially contributing to dizziness, including tests of oculomotor control, the vestibular system, neuromotor control, and musculoskeletal components of the cervical spine. Descriptive analyses were completed to define the anatomical areas/types of dysfunction identified by positive findings of the examination tests. RESULTS All (n = 41; 100%) subjects had examination findings consistent with central dysfunction. Of these, 36 (97.8%) had oculomotor control deficits; 29 (70.7%) demonstrated motion sensitivity; and 6 (15%) had central vestibular deficits. Nineteen (46.3%) had peripheral dysfunction, including 18 (43.9%) with unilateral hypofunction, and 2 (4.9%) with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. Thirty-four (82.9%) had cervical dysfunction, with 11 (26.8%) presenting with cervicogenic dizziness, and 31 (75.6%) with altered neuromotor control. CONCLUSIONS Functional injury to centrally-mediated pathways, specifically oculomotor control, and afferent and efferent pathways in the cervical spine are commonly identified through clinical examination tests in individuals with a complaint of dizziness post-concussion. According to results presented here, a high majority (90%) of the participants demonstrated dizziness that appeared to be multifactorial in nature and was not attributable to one main type of dysfunction. The common pathways between the systems make it difficult to isolate only one anatomical area as a contributor to dizziness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Reneker
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences, and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States; Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Related Professions, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States.
| | - Vinay K Cheruvu
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences, and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Jingzhen Yang
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Dept. of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mark A James
- Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences, and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Chad E Cook
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Orthopaedics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Cervicogenic somatosensory tinnitus: An indication for manual therapy plus education? Part 2: A pilot study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:106-13. [PMID: 26971019 DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Manual Therapy Utrecht (MTU) plus education in patients with cervicogenic somatosensory tinnitus (CeT). STUDY DESIGN Pretest-posttest design. METHOD Five hundred and six patients were referred or referred themselves. A subgroup of patients was identified with CeT, and within this a subgroup with tinnitus sensitization (TS). Two CeT groups were created based on the presence or absence of TS. Both groups underwent manual therapy combined with tinnitus education. Tinnitus intensity (VAS-tin 0-100 mm) was the primary outcome measure. Number of treatments and adverse effects were the secondary outcome measures. RESULTS A total of 122 patients with CeT (24.1%) were included (average age 53.3 years [±9.8], female 38.5% and duration of tinnitus 7.3 years [±8.9]). Patients were divided into two groups: 55 patients (45.1%) with TS (CeT + TS group) and 67 patients (54.9%) without TS (CeT - TS group). Pretest to posttest differences on the VAS-tin were statistically significant within both groups (CeT - TS group: difference VAS-tin 5.9 [p = 0.01]; CeT + TS group: difference VAS-tin 18.2 [p = 0.00]), and between the groups in favor of the CeT + TS group (difference VAS-tin 12.3 [p = 0.01]). Pretest to posttest differences were clinically significant for the CeT + TS group (difference VAS-tin 18.2 [MCIC = ≥10 mm VAS-tin]) and between the groups (difference VAS-tin 12.3 in favor of the CeT + TS group). The average number of treatment sessions was 9.6 (±2.6) for the CeT - TS group and 10.3 (±2.5) for the CeT + TS group, a non-significant difference. There were no adverse effects in either group. CONCLUSIONS Despite its limitations, this study provides valuable information on both the characteristics of patients with CeT and TS in a Dutch primary care manual therapy practice and on the potential effectiveness of MTU combined with tinnitus education for the subgroup of CeT + TS patients.
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