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Hadad E, Kosicki JZ, Yosef R. Population trends of striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) in Israel for the past five decades. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3982. [PMID: 36894580 PMCID: PMC9998626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) is considered "Near Threatened" globally and "Vulnerable" in the Middle East. In Israel, the species has experienced extreme population fluctuations owing to poisoning campaigns during the British Mandate (1918-1948) which were also further exacerbated by the Israeli authorities in the mid-twentieth century. We collated data from the archives of the Israel Nature and Parks Authority for the past 47 years to elucidate the temporal and geographic trends of this species. During this period we found a 68% increase in population and the estimated density is at present 2.1 individuals/100km2. This is significantly higher than all previous estimates for Israel. It appears that the major factors contributing to their phenomenal increase in number are the increase in prey availability because of the intensification of human development, preying on Bedouin livestock, the extinction of the leopard (Panthera pardus nimr), and the hunting of wild boars (Sus scorfa) and other agricultural pests in some parts of the country. Reasons should also be sought in increasing people's awareness as well as in advanced technological capabilities that have allowed an improved observation and reporting system. Future studies need to understand the effects of the large concentrations of striped hyenas on the spatial distribution and temporal activity of other sympatric wildlife to ensure the continued persistence of the wildlife guilds in the Israeli nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Hadad
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, 3 Am Ve'Olamo Street, 95463, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jakub Z Kosicki
- Department of Avian Biology and Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Reuven Yosef
- Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat Campus, P. O. Box 272, 8810201, Eilat, Israel
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Spagnuolo OSB, Lemerle MA, Holekamp KE, Wiesel I. The value of individual identification in studies of free-living hyenas and aardwolves. Mamm Biol 2022; 102:1089-1112. [PMID: 36530605 PMCID: PMC9744671 DOI: 10.1007/s42991-022-00309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
From population estimates to social evolution, much of our understanding of the family Hyaenidae is drawn from studies of known individuals. The extant species in this family (spotted hyenas, Crocuta crocuta, brown hyenas, Parahyaena brunnea, striped hyenas, Hyaena hyaena, and aardwolves, Proteles cristata) are behaviorally diverse, presenting an equally diverse set of logistical constraints on capturing and marking individuals. All these species are individually identifiable by their coat patterns, providing a useful alternative to man-made markings. Many studies have demonstrated the utility of this method in answering a wide range of research questions across all four species, with some employing a creative fusion of techniques. Despite its pervasiveness in basic research on hyenas and aardwolves, individual identification has rarely been applied to the conservation and management of these species. We argue that individual identification using naturally occurring markings in applied research could prove immensely helpful, as this could further improve accuracy of density estimates, reveal characteristics of suitable habitat, identify threats to population persistence, and help to identify individual problem animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ingrid Wiesel
- Brown Hyena Research Project, Lüderitz, 9000 Namibia
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Estimating density of leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) using spatially explicit capture recapture framework in Gir Protected Area, Gujarat, India. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bhandari S, Adhikari B, Baral K, Panthi S, Kunwar RM, Thapamagar T, Psaralexi M, Bhusal DR, Youlatos D. Climate change threatens striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) distribution in Nepal. MAMMAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-022-00638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dheer A, Samarasinghe D, Dloniak SM, Braczkowski A. Using camera traps to study hyenas: challenges, opportunities, and outlook. Mamm Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-021-00188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe use of remote camera traps has accelerated rapidly in the field of large carnivore science since the 1990s. Members of the Hyaenidae are important components of functional ecosystems in Africa and parts of the Middle East and South Asia, and make good candidates for study using camera traps. However, camera trap studies of hyenas remain rare in the literature when compared to species like tigers Panthera tigris, leopards Panthera pardus, and snow leopards Panthera uncia. In this paper, we examine the published use of camera traps for hyenas (n = 34 studies implemented between 2007 and 2020) and examine the logistical challenges of using camera traps, such as individual identification, limited sexual dimorphism, and complex social structures, for studies of hyena population biology, behavioral ecology, and conservation. We highlight what these challenges may mean for data analyses and interpretation. We also suggest potential benefits of further camera trap studies of this taxonomic family, including new insights into social behavior, range extensions, and robust density estimates.
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Mukherjee T, Chongder I, Ghosh S, Dutta A, Singh A, Dutta R, Joshi BD, Thakur M, Sharma LK, Venkatraman C, Ray D, Chandra K. Indian Grey Wolf and Striped Hyaena sharing from the same bowl: High niche overlap between top predators in a human-dominated landscape. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Derouiche L, Bounaceur F, Benamor N, Hadjloum M, Benameur-Hasnaoui H, Ounas H, Irzagh A, Boualem A, Belmoures R, Djeghim C, Aulagnier S. Distribution and status of the striped hyena Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia, Hyaenidae) in Algeria. MAMMALIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2019-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The striped hyena Hyaena hyaena is listed “Vulnerable” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in the Mediterranean region as its population and range are decreasing in most countries. In Algeria, the distribution and status of this species have not been reviewed for nearly 30 years. A field survey was conducted during the last 10 years in many regions and suitable habitats in order to update this information. Our results show that the striped hyena was eradicated from some northern areas of its former range, but still occurs in most regions of Algeria. Causes of mortality are reported and conservation measures are suggested in order to keep sustainable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louiza Derouiche
- École Supérieure des Sciences de l’Aliment et Industries Agroalimentaires , Avenue Ahmed Hamidoch Beaulieu, 16200 El Harrach , Alger , Algeria
| | - Farid Bounaceur
- Département des Sciences de la Nature et de La vie , Centre Universitaire Ahmed Ben Yahia Al-Wancharissi , Tissemsilt 38000 , Algeria
| | - Naceur Benamor
- Equipe de Recherche Biologie de la Conservation en Zones arides et Semi Arides, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Campus de Karmane , Université Ibn Khaldoun , Tiaret 14000 , Algeria
| | - Mohamed Hadjloum
- Service Gestion et Protection de la Faune, Direction Générale des Forêts , Alger 16000 , Algeria
| | | | - Houria Ounas
- Laboratoire de Recherche Productions Animales, Biotechnologie et Santé (PABIOS), Institut des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires , Université Mohammed Chérif Messâadia , Souk Ahras 41000 , Algeria
| | - Ahmed Irzagh
- Equipe de Recherche Biologie de la Conservation en Zones arides et Semi Arides, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Campus de Karmane , Université Ibn Khaldoun , Tiaret 14000 , Algeria
| | - Aouad Boualem
- Equipe de Recherche Biologie de la Conservation en Zones arides et Semi Arides, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Campus de Karmane , Université Ibn Khaldoun , Tiaret 14000 , Algeria
| | - Redouane Belmoures
- Laboratoire de Recherche Productions Animales, Biotechnologie et Santé (PABIOS), Institut des Sciences Agronomiques et Vétérinaires , Université Mohammed Chérif Messâadia , Souk Ahras 41000 , Algeria
| | - Chaouki Djeghim
- Association pour la Protection de la Nature et de l’Environnement, Ibn Ziad , Constantine 25000 , Algeria
| | - Stéphane Aulagnier
- Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique , Université de Toulouse , CS 52627 , 31326 Castanet-Tolosan cedex , France
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Bhandari S, Morley C, Aryal A, Shrestha UB. The diet of the striped hyena in Nepal's lowland regions. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:7953-7962. [PMID: 32788952 PMCID: PMC7417253 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Striped hyenas (Hyaena hyaena) are extremely rare in Nepal, and only a few people have studied them in their natural forest and grassland habitat. Their rarity is due to anthropogenic pressures such as hunting, habitat modification, being killed on roads, and depletion of their natural prey. Here, we studied the feeding ecology of hyenas in lowland, Nepal. We employed an opportunistic sampling to collect hyena scats in a range of habitats and the line transect sampling to identify the prey of the hyena in the study site. We collected 68 hyena scats between 2015 and 2018. Most of the hyena scat (39.7%) was found in the Churia Hill forest followed by riverbed (26.4%), mixed forest (14.7%), Sal (Shorea robusta)-dominated forest (11.7%), and grassland area (7.3%). We found eleven mammalian prey species, plants, and some unidentified items in the hyena scats. The frequency of occurrence and relative biomass of the medium-sized wild boar (Sus scrofa) were higher than other smaller prey species such as hare (Lepus nigricollis) and rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). Similarly, the proportion of large prey species such as nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) in the hyena diet was lower compared with wild boar, hares, and rhesus macaques indicating medium-sized wild boar is the most preferred prey species. Livestock contributed 17.3% of the total dietary biomass. Domesticated species such as goats, sheep, cows, and even dogs were found in the diet of hyenas. Predation of livestock by hyenas could cause conflict, especially if this ongoing issue continues in the future. Rather, more conservation effort is required in lowland areas of Nepal to protect the hyenas' natural prey species, particularly in wildlife habitats to reduce the lure of taking domestic livestock. Similarly, conservation education at the local level and active involvement of government authorities in the conservation of this species might be helpful to mitigate human-hyena conflict in the human-dominated landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig Morley
- Department of Forest and Resource ManagementToi Ohomai Institute of TechnologyRotoruaNew Zealand
| | - Achyut Aryal
- Department of Forest and Resource ManagementToi Ohomai Institute of TechnologyRotoruaNew Zealand
- Global Institute for Interdisciplinary StudiesKathmanduNepal
- Faculty of ScienceSchool of Life and Environmental SciencesCharles Perkins CentreThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Save Dot International LimitedAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Uttam Babu Shrestha
- Global Institute for Interdisciplinary StudiesKathmanduNepal
- Institute for Life Sciences and the EnvironmentUniversity of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQldAustralia
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Shamoon H, Shapira I. Limiting factors of Striped Hyaena, Hyaena hyaena, distribution and densities across climatic and geographical gradients (Mammalia: Carnivora). ZOOLOGY IN THE MIDDLE EAST 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2019.1596589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hila Shamoon
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Idan Shapira
- HaMaarag, Israel’s National Nature Assessment Program, The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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