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Ullah A, Kenol GS, Lee KT, Yasinzai AQK, Waheed A, Asif B, Khan I, Sharif H, Khan J, Heneidi S, Karki NR, Tareen TK. Chordoma: demographics and survival analysis with a focus on racial disparities and the role of surgery, a U.S. population-based study. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:109-118. [PMID: 37306806 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03227-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chordoma is a rare malignant tumor of notochordal origin that may appear anywhere in the axial skeleton from the skull base to the sacrum. This study presents findings from a large database query to highlight the demographic, clinical, and pathological factors, prognosis, and survival of chordomas. METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data based was used to identify patients with a "chordoma" diagnosis from 200 to 2018. RESULTS In a total of 1600 cases, the mean age at diagnosis was 54.47 years (standard deviation, SD ± 19.62 years). Most cases were male (57.1%) and white (84.5%). Tumor size was found to be > 4 cm in 26% of cases. Histologically, 33% with known features had well-differentiated Grade I tumors, and 50.2% of the tumors were localized. Metastasis at the time of to the bone, liver, and lung was observed at a rate of 0.5%, 0.1%, and 0.7%, respectively. The most common treatment received was surgical resection (41.3%). The overall 5-year overall survival observed was 39% (confidence interval, CI 95% 37-41; p = 0.05) with patients who received surgery having a 5-year survival rate of 43% (CI 95% 40-46; p = 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed independent factors that contributed to worse prognosis chemotherapy only as a treatment modality and no surgery as a treatment modality. CONCLUSION Chordomas are more common in white males and appear between the 5th and 6th decades of life. Factors that contributed to a worse prognosis were Asian, Pacific Islander, American Indian, or Alaska Native races.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ullah
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Abdul Waheed
- Department of Surgery, San Joaquin General Hospital, French Camp, CA, 95231, USA
| | - Bina Asif
- Bannu Medical College, Bannu, 28100, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Medicine, Bolan Medical College, Quetta, 83700, Pakistan
| | - Hajra Sharif
- Frontier Medical and Dental College, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Jaffar Khan
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Saleh Heneidi
- Department of Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Nabin R Karki
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Tamour Khan Tareen
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
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Tsukamoto T, Miki Y. Imaging of pituitary tumors: an update with the 5th WHO Classifications-part 2. Neoplasms other than PitNET and tumor-mimicking lesions. Jpn J Radiol 2023:10.1007/s11604-023-01407-0. [PMID: 36913010 PMCID: PMC10366287 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-023-01407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Many types of tumors can develop in the pituitary gland. In the recently revised 5th editions of the World Health Organization (WHO) classifications (2021 WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors and the 2022 WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors), various changes have been made to the tumors other than pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET)/pituitary adenoma, as well as PitNET. Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma and papillary craniopharyngioma are now considered separate tumors in the 5th edition of the WHO classification. Tumors positive for thyroid transcription factor 1, a marker of posterior pituitary cells, are now grouped together in the pituicyte tumor family in the 5th edition of the WHO classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors. Poorly differentiated chordoma is newly listed in the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors. In this paper, we present the latest WHO classification of pituitary tumors (adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma, papillary craniopharyngioma, pituitary blastoma, pituicyte tumor family, tumors of pituitary origin other than those of the pituicyte tumor family, germinoma, meningioma, chordoma, metastatic tumors, lymphoma, and pituitary incidentaloma), review diseases requiring differentiation from tumors (pituitary abscess, hypophysitis, pituitary hyperplasia, Rathke's cleft cyst, arachnoid cyst, and aneurysm), and discuss diagnoses based on imaging findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Tsukamoto
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-Machi, Abeno-Ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yukio Miki
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-4-3 Asahi-Machi, Abeno-Ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
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Holtzman AL, Dagan R, Mendenhall WM. Proton Radiotherapy for Skull-Base Malignancies. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2023:S1042-3699(23)00005-5. [PMID: 37005171 DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Proton therapy (PT) is a form of highly conformal external-beam radiotherapy used to mitigate acute and late effects following radiotherapy. Indications for treatment include both benign and malignant skull-base and central nervous system pathologies. Studies have demonstrated that PT shows promising results in minimizing neurocognitive decline and reducing second malignancies with low rates of central nervous system necrosis. Future directions and advances in biologic optimization may provide additional benefits beyond the physical properties of particle dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Holtzman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 2015 North Jefferson Street, Jacksonville, FL 32206, USA.
| | - Roi Dagan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 2015 North Jefferson Street, Jacksonville, FL 32206, USA
| | - William M Mendenhall
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 2015 North Jefferson Street, Jacksonville, FL 32206, USA
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Rao D, Stein R, Jenson M, Patel J, Fiester P. Imaging Review of the Endoscopic Operative Corridor for Clivus Lesions. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2022; 52:66-76. [DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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