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Wang Z, Zeng X, Zhang C, Wang Q, Zhang W, Xie J, Chen J, Hu Q, Wang Q, Yang H, Yin Y. Higher niacin intakes improve the lean meat rate of Ningxiang pigs by regulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. Front Nutr 2022; 9:959039. [PMID: 36276825 PMCID: PMC9582987 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.959039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the local pig breeds in China with a high fat rate, improving the lean meat rate of Ningxiang pigs through nutritional intervention is an urgent issue to be solved. As an important feed additive, niacin plays an important role in lipid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation and mechanism of niacin on fat deposition in Ningxiang pigs. Thirty-four Ningxiang pigs (53.34 ± 2.78 kg) were randomly divided into two groups with five replicates each, with three to four Ningxiang pigs per replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet (contained 22 mg/kg niacin), and the experimental group was fed the same diet supplemented with an additional 100 mg/kg of niacin. The experimental period lasted 60 days. One Ningxiang pig was selected for slaughter sampling for each replicate. This study found that lean meat percentage of Ningxiang pigs in the experimental group was significantly increased (P < 0.05), accompanied by a significant decrease in fat percentage (P < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing analysis found an abundance of Streptococcus in the experimental group (P < 0.05), along with significantly decreased levels of Lactobacillus (P < 0.05). The changes in some OTUs belonging to Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota were closely related to the changes in the fat rate and lean meat rate of Ningxiang pigs (P < 0.05). LC–MS metabolomics analysis found that about 43.75% of the differential metabolites were related to lipids and lipid-like molecules in the liver (P < 0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis showed correlations between the carcass traits, microbiota, and liver metabolites. In conclusion, niacin improves lean meat percentage and reduces fat deposition by regulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota composition in Ningxiang pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-ecological Processes, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianglin Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Junyan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-ecological Processes, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiashun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-ecological Processes, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Anyou Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd., Taicang, China
| | - Qiye Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-ecological Processes, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Qiye Wang
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-ecological Processes, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China,Huansheng Yang
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-ecological Processes, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
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Effects of dietary nicotinic acid supplementation on meat quality, carcass characteristics, lipid metabolism, and tibia parameters of Wulong geese. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101430. [PMID: 34525445 PMCID: PMC8445892 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of nicotinic acid (NA) supplementation on the meat quality, carcass characteristics, lipid metabolism, and tibia parameters in Wulong geese. A total of 360 twenty-nine-day-old Wulong geese were randomly divided into 6 treatments, and each treatment included 6 pens with 10 birds per pen. Birds were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, or 100 mg/kg NA for 12 wk. Dietary NA supplementation linearly decreased L* value and increased pH and water-holding capacity in the breast muscle (P < 0.05). Increasing NA levels linearly and quadratically decreased shear force of breast muscle (P < 0.001). Dietary NA supplementation linearly reduced the thickness of subcutaneous fat plus the skin and percentage of abdominal fat, and enhanced the width of intermuscular fat band (P < 0.001). Dietary NA addition linearly and quadratically increased intramuscular fat (IMF) content (P ≤ 0.001). Increasing NA levels decreased serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and increased serum lipase activity and hepatic mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase in a linear manner (P < 0.05). There were linear and quadratic effects in serum triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and malate dehydrogenase activity with the NA addition (P < 0.05). Feeding the NA-supplemented-diets linearly increased tibia length, circumference, fat-free dry weight, and ash content (P < 0.001). There were linear and quadratic increases in Ca and P contents with the NA supplementation (P < 0.05). According to the quadratic regression analyses fitted to shear force, IMF content, serum triglycerides and HDL-C levels, and tibial Ca and P contents, the optimal dietary NA supplementation was 80 to 90 mg/kg. In conclusion, NA addition enhanced meat quality and IMF content, regulated lipid metabolism, and increased tibia quality of Wulong geese. The dosage of 80 mg/kg NA in Wulong geese aged 5 to 16 wk was recommended.
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Yi Z, Tan X, Wang Q, Huang P, Li Y, Ding X, Li J, Huang J, Yang H, Yin Y. Dietary niacin affects intestinal morphology and functions via modulating cell proliferation in weaned piglets. Food Funct 2021; 12:7402-7414. [PMID: 34190232 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03097j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Niacin deficiency leads to inflammation of mucous membranes and diarrhoea. There are few reports on the effects of niacin on the intestinal health of weaned piglets. The present study was conducted to analyse the effects of niacin in weaned piglets along with its underlying mechanism. A total of 48 25-day-old weaned piglets (24 females and 24 males) were randomly allotted into four groups, each treatment were supplemented with 22.5, 30, 45, and 75 mg kg-1 niacin for a period of 14 days, with 12 piglets per diet and 1 piglet per pen. Six piglets (3 males and 3 females) were randomly selected from each treatment group and euthanised for intestinal tissue sampling on days 7 and 14 after the weaning day (day 0), respectively. Dietary niacin did not affect the growth performance of weaned piglets but quadratically affected (P < 0.05) the diarrhoea rate from days 7 to 14. The duodenal villus height and width and crypt depth in the 30 mg kg-1 niacin group were greater than those in the 45 mg kg-1 niacin group on day 7, and the jejunal crypt depth, ileal crypt depth, villus height and villus width decreased (linear, P < 0.05) with the increase in dietary niacin. However, the dietary supplementation with niacin increased (linear, P < 0.001) the jejunal villus height, crypt depth and villus width on day 14. Dietary niacin increased (linear, P < 0.05) the alkaline phosphatase activity in the jejunal mucosa of weaned piglets on day 7 but decreased (linear, P < 0.05) its activity on day 14. The number of Ki67 positive cells per crypt was decreased (linear, P < 0.05) with the dietary niacin on day 7 but increased (linear, P < 0.05) with dietary niacin contents on day 14. Moreover, dietary niacin altered (P < 0.05) SLC5A1, SLC15A1, SLC6A19, TJP-1, occludin and claudin-1 mRNA expression in the small intestine. These results indicate that dietary niacin has different effects on intestinal morphology and functions in the first and second weeks postweaning and that the dietary supplementation with niacin may, by modulating intestinal cell proliferation, affect the intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Yi
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Science, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
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Lee JH, Lee SD, Yun W, Oh HJ, An JS, Kim IH, Cho JH. Effects of different standardized ileal digestible lysine: net energy proportion in growing and finishing pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:198-207. [PMID: 32292927 PMCID: PMC7142283 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.2.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was performed to evaluate the optimal proportion of dietary
standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID Lys) to net energy (NE) proportion in
growing to finishing pigs. A total of seventy-two pigs were used at phase 1
(initial body weight 37.23 ± 0.23 kilogram, for 42 d) and at phase 2
(initial body weight 54.16 ± 0.20 kilogram, for 77 d). They were
arbitrarily assigned to three treatments groups consisting of four duplicates
per treatment (six pigs in duplicates, respectively). Diet treatments were as
follows: CON = basal diets (phase 1, crude protein (CP): 19.1%; SID Lys: 0.94%;
SID Lys: NE proportion: 0.91 g/MJ / phase 2, CP: 17.0%; SID Lys: 0.84%; SID Lys:
NE proportion: 0.79 g/MJ), TRT1 (phase 1, CP: 18.0%; SID Lys: 0.92%; SID Lys: NE
proportion: 0.89 g/MJ / phase 2, CP: 15.8%; SID Lys: 0.8%; SID Lys: NE
proportion: 0.75 g/MJ), TRT2 (phase 1, CP: 17.3%; SID Lys: 0.82%; SID Lys: NE
proportion: 0.79 g/MJ / phase 2, CP: 14.8%; SID Lys: 0.7%; SID Lys: NE
proportion: 0.65 g/MJ). In phase 1 and 2, growth performance did not
meaningfully be affected when SID Lys: NE proportion decreased with reducing CP
content. In phase 2, the nitrogen digestibility of CON group in 11 week was
higher (p < 0.05) than other treatments. Also, marbling and
firmness scores of TRT2 group diets increased (p < 0.05)
compared with those of CON group, but dissimilarities of other meat qualities
did not be detected among treatments. In conclusion, introduction of NE system
can reduce negative problems introduced when dietary CP decreased. Also, 0.79
and 0.65 g/MJ of SID Lys: NE proportion is the optimal Lys: NE proportion to
achieve improved pork quality without impairing the growth performance in
growing-finishing pigs, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hwan Lee
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sung Dae Lee
- Animal Nutritional Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Won Yun
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Han Jin Oh
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Ji Seon An
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Yang Z, Zhao X, Xiong X, Bao L, Pan K, Zhou S, Wen L, Xu L, Qu M. Uncovering the mechanism whereby dietary nicotinic acid increases the intramuscular fat content in finishing steers by RNA sequencing analysis. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an18205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study, we found that a higher dosage of nicotinic acid (NA) in the diet dramatically increases intramuscular fat (IMF) content and improves meat quality in finishing steers. We hypothesised that increased IMF results from the regulation of genes associated with adipogenesis. To address this hypothesis, RNA-seq was used to investigate gene-expression profiles of longissimus muscles from the same 16 cattle that were also used in our previous study and treated with or without dietary NA. Four cDNA libraries were constructed and sequenced. The repeatability and reproducibility of RNA-seq data were confirmed by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase-chain reaction. In total, 123 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between longissimus muscles treated and those not treated with dietary NA. Of the 123 DEGs, 117 genes were upregulated by the NA treatment. These DEGs were enriched in 21 pathways, including the extracellular matrix (ECM) –receptor interaction, PPAR signalling pathway, adipocytokine signalling pathway and transforming growth factor-β signalling pathway, all of which are associated with lipid metabolism. Furthermore, candidate genes related to adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis (PLIN1, PLIN2, ADPN, LEP, LCN2 and SOCS3), lipid metabolism (FABP4, RBP4, GAL, ANXA1, ANXA2 and PTX3) and fatty acid synthesis and esterification (ELOVL6, ACSM1, SOT1 and PTGIS) were upregulated in the NA group. Three genes involved in glucose metabolism (PGAM1, UGDH and GLUT3) were also transcriptionally upregulated. However, MYH4 that encodes glycolytic Type IIb muscle fibres was downregulated by dietary NA. These gene expression results indicated a confirmation of our hypothesis that dietary NA increases the IMF content of longissimus muscle through upregulating the expression of the genes related to adipocyte differentiation, adipogenesis and lipid and glucose metabolism.
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Adebowale TO, Liu H, Oso AO, Oke OE, Hussain T, Bamgbose AM, Yao K, Yulong Y. Effect of dietary niacin supplementation on performance, total tract nutrient retention, carcass yield and meat lipid profile of growing turkeys. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary high or recommended nicotinic acid (niacin) supplementation on growth performance, total tract nutrient digestibility, hematology, serum chemistry, and lipoprotein concentrations in the serum and meat of growing turkeys. Turkeys were assigned to three treatments on weight equalisation basis with five replicates of eight turkeys in each group. Experimental diets were: no supplemental niacin (Control), a diet supplemented with 60 mg/kg niacin termed as recommended niacin supplementation and a diet supplemented with 180 mg/kg niacin termed as high niacin supplementation (HNS). The experiment lasted for the grower (Day 56–84) and finisher phases (Day 84–112) of the birds. Dietary inclusion of HNS increased (P < 0.01) bodyweight gain, metabolisable energy (Days 84 and 112), dressing percentage and retail cut parts of turkeys (Day 112) in relation to the Control-fed turkeys. Furthermore, least white blood cell count and higher concentrations of packed cell volume, red blood cells and hemoglobin (P < 0.01) were found in turkeys fed HNS on Days 84 and 112. Similarly, turkeys in the HNS group had improved serum constituents including serum protein, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphate. The blood and meat lipid profile analysis showed that low density lipoprotein and total cholesterol were least (P < 0.05) in turkeys fed HNS. Collectively, dietary high supplementation of niacin (180 mg/kg) improves production performances, reduces serum and meat fat content and improve indicators of stress resistance ability in growing turkeys.
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Cho J, Lu N, Lindemann M. Effects of vitamin supplementation on growth performance and carcass characteristics in pigs. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yang ZQ, Bao LB, Zhao XH, Wang CY, Zhou S, Wen LH, Fu CB, Gong JM, Qu MR. Nicotinic acid supplementation in diet favored intramuscular fat deposition and lipid metabolism in finishing steers. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1195-201. [PMID: 27048556 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216639395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acid (NA) acting as the precursor of NAD(+)/NADH and NADP(+)/NADPH, participates in many biochemical processes, e.g. lipid metabolism. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary NA on carcass traits, meat quality, blood metabolites, and fat deposition in Chinese crossbred finishing steers. Sixteen steers with the similar body weight and at the age of 24 months were randomly allocated into control group (feeding basal diet) and NA group (feeding basal diet + 1000 mg/kg NA). All experimental cattle were fed a 90% concentrate diet and 10% forage straw in a 120-day feeding experiment. The results showed that supplemental NA in diet increased longissimus area, intramuscular fat content (17.14% vs. 9.03%), marbling score (8.08 vs. 4.30), redness (a*), and chroma (C*) values of LD muscle, but reduced carcass fat content (not including imtramuscular fat), pH24 h and moisture content of LD muscle, along with no effect on backfat thickness. Besides, NA supplementation increased serum HDL-C concentration, but decreased the serum levels of LDL-C, triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acid, total cholesterol, and glycated serum protein. In addition, NA supplementation increased G6PDH and ICDH activities of LD muscle. These results suggested that NA supplementation in diet improves the carcass characteristics and beef quality, and regulates the compositions of serum metabolites. Based on the above results, NA should be used as the feed additive in cattle industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Qing Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Lin-Bin Bao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xiang-Hui Zhao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Can-Yu Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shan Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Lu-Hua Wen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Chuan-Bian Fu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jian-Ming Gong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ming-Ren Qu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of niacin (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) as a feed additive for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by VITAC EEIG. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of niacin (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) as a feed additive for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by Vertellus Specialties Belgium BV. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of niacin (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) as a feed additive for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by Lonza Benelux BV. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of niacin (nicotinamide) as a feed additive for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by EUROPE‐ASIA Import Export GmbH. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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13
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Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of niacin (nicotinamide) as feed additive for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by Agrinutrition BV. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Titgemeyer EC, Mamedova LK, Spivey KS, Farney JK, Bradford BJ. An unusual distribution of the niacin receptor in cattle. J Dairy Sci 2012; 94:4962-7. [PMID: 21943747 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Responses to pharmacological doses of niacin, an agonist for GPR109A (niacin receptor), were different in cattle than in humans and rodents. Thus, the tissue distribution of GPR109A was investigated in cattle. Samples of tail head fat, back fat, perirenal fat, longissimus muscle, and liver were analyzed for abundance of GPR109A mRNA by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR and for abundance of GPR109A protein by Western blotting. Niacin receptor transcript and protein were detected in all tissues analyzed. The mRNA for GPR109A was more abundant in liver than in the other tissues sampled (GPR109A:RPS9 mRNA abundance = 0.56 in liver compared with 0.06 in longissimus muscle, 0.15 in kidney fat, 0.11 in back fat, 0.23 in tail head fat; standard error of the mean = 0.028). Additionally, mRNA for GPR109A was found (GPR109A:RPS9 mRNA abundance ≥ 0.004) in each of the 5 regions of bovine brain that were analyzed: cerebral cortex, cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus, and brain stem. Evaluation of liver tissue by immunofluorescence suggested that GPR109A was expressed in parenchymal cells and not localized exclusively to immune-system cells. Finally, analysis of the putative bovine GPR109A sequence verified that AA residues required for binding niacin in human GPR109A are conserved, suggesting that the bovine sequence identified encodes a functional niacin receptor. The identification of GPR109A in bovine liver, muscle, and brain is a novel finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Titgemeyer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA.
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Jiang RR, Zhao GP, Chen JL, Zheng MQ, Zhao JP, Li P, Hu J, Wen J. Effect of dietary supplemental nicotinic acid on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality in three genotypes of chicken. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011; 95:137-45. [PMID: 20666866 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dietary supplemental nicotinic acid (NA) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality were investigated in three genotypes of chicken. Fast-growing AA (Arbor Acres) broilers were compared with two genotypes of a slow-growing local breed, Beijing-You, that had undergone selection for and against intramuscular fat content respectively (BJY+IMF and BJY-IMF). The treatments were arranged 3×4 factorial completely randomized design. Day-old females (n=624) were allocated to four treatments with six replicates per treatment and fed diets (basal contained ~25 mg NA/kg) supplemented with 0, 30, 60 and 120 mg NA/kg. A sample of 72 birds from each genotype was slaughtered at market time (8 weeks of age for AA and 16 weeks of age for BJY). The breast muscles of AA broilers were darker, had less redness and yellowness, lower drip loss and higher shear force as compared to the BJY genotypes (p<0.01). The highest drip loss and the lowest shear force among the three genotypes were apparent in BJY+IMF (p<0.01). Increasing supplementation from 0 to 60 mg NA/kg tended to increase average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, width of intermuscular fat band, thickness of subcutaneous fat (including skin) and percentage of abdominal fat but, for most variables, values decreased slightly with 120 mg NA/kg. Increasing supplementation to 60 mg NA/kg decreased (quadratic, p<0.001) drip loss, but it increased at 120 mg NA/kg. The present results indicate that (i) the AA broilers fed corn-soybean meal based-diets require approximately 60 mg NA/kg to maximize ADG and meat product yield and decrease the drip loss of breast muscle; (ii) the addition of 30 mg NA/kg meets the requirement of BJY genotypes; and (iii) there seems to be no beneficial effect of NA supplementation on chicken meat quality except for limiting the drip loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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Purslow P, Mandell I, Widowski T, Brown J, deLange C, Robinson J, Squires E, Cha M, VanderVoort G. Modelling quality variations in commercial Ontario pork production. Meat Sci 2008; 80:123-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Apple JK. Effects of nutritional modifications on the water-holding capacity of fresh pork: a review. J Anim Breed Genet 2007; 124 Suppl 1:43-58. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2007.00686.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Groesbeck CN, Goodband RD, Tokach MD, Dritz SS, Nelssen JL, DeRouchey JM. Effects of pantothenic acid on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs fed diets with or without ractopamine hydrochloride1. J Anim Sci 2007; 85:2492-7. [PMID: 17591709 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2005-550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments evaluated effects of added pantothenic acid on performance of growing-finishing pigs. In Exp. 1, 156 pigs (PIC, initial BW = 25.7 kg) were used in a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial to evaluate the effects of added pantothenic acid (PA; 0, 22.5, or 45 ppm), ractopamine.HCl (RAC; 0 or 10 mg/kg), and sex on growth performance and carcass traits. Pigs were fed increasing PA from 25.7 to 123.6 kg (d 0 to 98) and RAC for the last 28 d before slaughter. Increasing the amount of added PA had no effect (P > 0.40) on ADG, ADFI, or G:F from d 0 to 70. A PA x sex interaction (P < 0.03) was observed for ADG and G:F from d 71 to 98. Increasing the amount of added PA increased ADG and G:F in gilts, but not in barrows. Increasing the amount of added PA had no effect (P > 0.38) on carcass traits. Added RAC increased (P < 0.01) ADG and G:F for d 71 to 98 and d 0 to 98 and increased (P < 0.01) LM area and percentage lean. In Exp. 2, 1,080 pigs (PIC, initial BW = 40.4 kg, final BW = 123.6 kg) were used to determine the effects of increasing PA on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs reared in a commercial finishing facility. Pigs were fed 0, 22.5, 45.0, or 90 mg/kg of added PA. Increasing the amount of added PA had no effect (P > 0.45) on ADG, ADFI, or G:F, and no differences were observed (P > 0.07) for carcass traits. In summary, adding dietary PA to diets during the growing-finishing phase did not provide any advantages in growth performance or carcass composition of growing-finishing pigs. Furthermore, it appears that the pantothenic acid in corn and soybean meal may be sufficient to meet the requirements of 25- to 120-kg pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Groesbeck
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201, USA
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Dikeman M. Effects of metabolic modifiers on carcass traits and meat quality. Meat Sci 2007; 77:121-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Revised: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Effects of Increasing Dietary Niacin on Weanling Pig Performance121Contribution no. 02-2-J from the Kansas Agric. Exp. Stn., Manhattan 66506.2The authors thank Lonza, Inc. (Fair Lawn, NJ) for partial financial support as well as for providing the niacin used in these experiments. The authors also thank Eichman Bros. Farm (St. George, KS) for use of their facilities and animals used in Exp. 2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.15232/s1080-7446(15)31325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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