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King ME, Herzing HM, McLeod KR, Klotz JL, Foote AP, Edwards JL, Harmon DL. Impact of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed consumption on endocrine changes associated with intake regulation and post-absorptive metabolism in growing steers. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2024; 89:106873. [PMID: 39032187 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Fescue toxicosis is a syndrome occurring from the consumption of endophyte-infected tall fescue and results in substantial economic losses to the beef industry primarily from reduced growth accompanied by decreased dry matter intake (DMI); however, the associations characterizing this reduction in DMI have yet to be elucidated. The objective of this experiment was to identify endocrine changes associated with intake regulation post-consumption of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed (E+). Twelve Holstein steers were stratified by body weight and assigned to 1 of 3 treatments (n=4): 0 ppm ergovaline (ERV), 1.8 ppm ERV, or 2.7 ppm ERV. Treatments were achieved by combining differing proportions of ground E+ and non-endophyte-infected tall fescue seed. Steers were adapted to their diets for 7 d followed by a 7 d DMI collection period. Within treatment, steers were assigned to a sampling day (d 16 or d 17). Blood samples were collected every 20 min for 8 h, beginning 1 h before feeding. Intake data was analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC) with treatment, day, and the interaction as fixed effects. Hormone and metabolite data were analyzed with the fixed effect of treatment, time, and the interaction including time as a repeated measure and orthogonal contrasts. Dry matter intake was linearly decreased with increasing ERV in the diet (P < 0.001). Insulin and leptin concentrations exhibited a quadratic effect (P = 0.018 and P = 0.005) with insulin concentrations highest for the 2.7 ppm treatment and leptin concentrations highest for the 1.8 ppm treatment. No differences were detected for active ghrelin or β-hydroxybuytrate concentrations among treatment groups. Further, steers consuming both the 1.8 and 2.7 ppm ERV treatments had lower prolactin concentrations compared to the 0 ppm treatment (quadratic, P= 0.019). Glucose concentrations had a tendency for a linear increase as ERV concentrations increased (P = 0.091). A treatment × time interaction (P = 0.002) was noted in NEFA concentrations, with the 1.8 ppm ERV treatment showing increased pre-feeding concentrations, and the 2.7 ppm ERV treatment exhibiting elevated NEFA concentrations as time post-feeding progressed. The results suggest that E+ consumption reduces intake likely through alterations in intake-related hormones and post-absorptive metabolism and contributes to our current understanding of E+ effects on intake reduction while providing avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy E King
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Hannah M Herzing
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kyle R McLeod
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - James L Klotz
- Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Andrew P Foote
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - J Lannett Edwards
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - David L Harmon
- Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Martínez-Álvaro M, Mattock J, González-Recio Ó, Saborío-Montero A, Weng Z, Lima J, Duthie CA, Dewhurst R, Cleveland MA, Watson M, Roehe R. Including microbiome information in a multi-trait genomic evaluation: a case study on longitudinal growth performance in beef cattle. Genet Sel Evol 2024; 56:19. [PMID: 38491422 PMCID: PMC10943865 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-024-00887-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth rate is an important component of feed conversion efficiency in cattle and varies across the different stages of the finishing period. The metabolic effect of the rumen microbiome is essential for cattle growth, and investigating the genomic and microbial factors that underlie this temporal variation can help maximize feed conversion efficiency at each growth stage. RESULTS By analysing longitudinal body weights during the finishing period and genomic and metagenomic data from 359 beef cattle, our study demonstrates that the influence of the host genome on the functional rumen microbiome contributes to the temporal variation in average daily gain (ADG) in different months (ADG1, ADG2, ADG3, ADG4). Five hundred and thirty-three additive log-ratio transformed microbial genes (alr-MG) had non-zero genomic correlations (rg) with at least one ADG-trait (ranging from |0.21| to |0.42|). Only a few alr-MG correlated with more than one ADG-trait, which suggests that a differential host-microbiome determinism underlies ADG at different stages. These alr-MG were involved in ribosomal biosynthesis, energy processes, sulphur and aminoacid metabolism and transport, or lipopolysaccharide signalling, among others. We selected two alternative subsets of 32 alr-MG that had a non-uniform or a uniform rg sign with all the ADG-traits, regardless of the rg magnitude, and used them to develop a microbiome-driven breeding strategy based on alr-MG only, or combined with ADG-traits, which was aimed at shaping the rumen microbiome towards increased ADG at all finishing stages. Combining alr-MG information with ADG records increased prediction accuracy of genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) by 11 to 22% relative to the direct breeding strategy (using ADG-traits only), whereas using microbiome information, only, achieved lower accuracies (from 7 to 41%). Predicted selection responses varied consistently with accuracies. Restricting alr-MG based on their rg sign (uniform subset) did not yield a gain in the predicted response compared to the non-uniform subset, which is explained by the absence of alr-MG showing non-zero rg at least with more than one of the ADG-traits. CONCLUSIONS Our work sheds light on the role of the microbial metabolism in the growth trajectory of beef cattle at the genomic level and provides insights into the potential benefits of using microbiome information in future genomic breeding programs to accurately estimate GEBV and increase ADG at each finishing stage in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Martínez-Álvaro
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de Valéncia, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
- Scotland's Rural College, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | | | | | - Alejandro Saborío-Montero
- Escuela de Zootecnia y Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501, Costa Rica
| | | | - Joana Lima
- Scotland's Rural College, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | | | | | | | - Mick Watson
- Scotland's Rural College, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Rainer Roehe
- Scotland's Rural College, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK.
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Arikawa LM, Mota LFM, Schmidt PI, Frezarim GB, Fonseca LFS, Magalhães AFB, Silva DA, Carvalheiro R, Chardulo LAL, Albuquerque LGD. Genome-wide scans identify biological and metabolic pathways regulating carcass and meat quality traits in beef cattle. Meat Sci 2024; 209:109402. [PMID: 38056170 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Genome association studies (GWAS) provides knowledge about the genetic architecture of beef-related traits that allow linking the target phenotype to genomic information aiding breeding decision. Thus, the present study aims to uncover the genetic mechanism involved in carcass (REA: rib eye area, BF: backfat thickness, and HCW: hot carcass weight) and meat quality traits (SF: shear-force, MARB: marbling score, and IMF: intramuscular fat content) in Nellore cattle. For this, 6910 young bulls with phenotypic information and 23,859 animals genotyped with 435 k markers were used to perform the weighted single-step GBLUP (WssGBLUP) approach, considering two iterations. The top 10 genomic regions explained 8.13, 11.81, and 9.58% of the additive genetic variance, harboring a total of 119, 143, and 95 positional candidate genes for REA, BF, and HCW, respectively. For meat quality traits, the top 10 windows explained a large proportion of the total genetic variance for SF (14.95%), MARB (17.56%), and IMF (21.41%) surrounding 92, 155, and 111 candidate genes, respectively. Relevant candidate genes (CAST, PLAG1, XKR4, PLAGL2, AQP3/AQP7, MYLK2, WWOX, CARTPT, and PLA2G16) are related to physiological aspects affecting growth, carcass, meat quality, feed intake, and reproductive traits by signaling pathways controlling muscle control, key signal metabolic molecules INS / IGF-1 pathway, lipid metabolism, and adipose tissue development. The GWAS results provided insights into the genetic control of the traits studied and the genes found are potential candidates to be used in the improvement of carcass and meat quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Machestropa Arikawa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Lucio Flavio Macedo Mota
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Iana Schmidt
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Bonfá Frezarim
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fernanda Simielli Fonseca
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Fabrícia Braga Magalhães
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil; University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Department of Animal Science, Rod. MG 367, Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Delvan Alves Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil; University of Viçosa, Department of Animal Science, Av. PH Rolfs, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto Carvalheiro
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Luis Artur Loyola Chardulo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil; National Council for Science and Technological Development, Brasilia, DF 71605-001, Brazil
| | - Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil; National Council for Science and Technological Development, Brasilia, DF 71605-001, Brazil.
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Helal M, Ali MA, Nadrin AH, Awad YI, Younis NK, Alasyed BM, Jamal M, Eid DH, Soliman HA, Eissa SA, Ragab M. Association between IRS-1, PPAR-γ and LEP genes polymorphisms and growth traits in rabbits. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2391-2399. [PMID: 35767350 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2092743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms are commonly associated with changes in quantitative traits, and have been considered useful markers for improving different traits in livestock. The current study aimed to explore the effect of three SNPs located in Insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), and Leptin (LEP) genes on the growth traits of rabbits. Individuals from three rabbit breeds were genotyped using RFLP-PCR. The IRS-1 variant (c.189T > G) was associated with post-weaning body weight, and body weight gains, However, the effect on growth rates was insignificant in Baladi Red and V-line rabbits. The PPAR-γ variant (c.207A > C) was significantly associated with 8-wk body weights in V-line rabbits, 10-wk body weights, and growth rates from 8 to 10 weeks of age in New Zealand rabbits. However, the differences between genotypes were insignificant for body weight gains and average daily gain. The LEP gene mutation (g.16079636C > G) had significant effects on body weights at 6 and 8 weeks of age in New Zealand White rabbits and 8 weeks of age in Baladi Red rabbits were associated with the presence of the C allele. Concludingly, the results stressed the importance of the IRS-1 gene in post-weaning growth and suggested the existence of breed-specific effects for PPAR-γ and LEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Helal
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Ali
- Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amira H Nadrin
- Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yomna I Awad
- Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nada K Younis
- Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Basant M Alasyed
- Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohnad Jamal
- Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dima H Eid
- Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hagar A Soliman
- Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sara A Eissa
- Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ragab
- Department of Poultry Production, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr EL-Sheikh, Egypt
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Yuan Z, Ge L, Su P, Gu Y, Chen W, Cao X, Wang S, Lv X, Getachew T, Mwacharo JM, Haile A, Sun W. NCAPG Regulates Myogenesis in Sheep, and SNPs Located in Its Putative Promoter Region Are Associated with Growth and Development Traits. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3173. [PMID: 37893897 PMCID: PMC10603679 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, NCAPG was identified as a candidate gene associated with sheep growth traits. This study aimed to investigate the direct role of NCAPG in regulating myogenesis in embryonic myoblast cells and to investigate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in its promoter region and sheep growth traits. The function of NCAPG in myoblast proliferation and differentiation was detected after small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) knocked down the expression of NCAPG. Cell proliferation was detected using CCK-8 assay, EdU proliferation assay, and flow cytometry cell cycle analysis. Cell differentiation was detected via cell immunofluorescence and the quantification of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). SNPs in the promoter region were detected using Sanger sequencing and genotyped using the improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR®) technique. As a result, a notable decrease (p < 0.01) in the percentage of EdU-positive cells in the siRNA-694-treated group was observed. A significant decrease (p < 0.01) in cell viability after treatment with siRNA-694 for 48 h and 72 h was detected using the CCK-8 method. The quantity of S-phase cells in the siRNA-694 treatment group was significantly decreased (p < 0.01). After interfering with NCAPG in myoblasts during induced differentiation, the relative expression levels of MRFs were markedly (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) reduced compared with the control group on days 5-7. The myoblast differentiation in the siRNA-694 treatment group was obviously suppressed compared with the control group. SNP1, SNP2, SNP3, and SNP4 were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with all traits except body weight measured at birth and one month of age. SNP5 was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with body weight, body height, and body length in six-month-old sheep. In conclusion, interfering with NCAPG can inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of ovine embryonic myoblasts. SNPs in its promoter region can serve as potential useful markers for selecting sheep growth traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehu Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Y.); (L.G.); (P.S.); (Y.G.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ling Ge
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Y.); (L.G.); (P.S.); (Y.G.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Pengwei Su
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Y.); (L.G.); (P.S.); (Y.G.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yifei Gu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Y.); (L.G.); (P.S.); (Y.G.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weihao Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Y.); (L.G.); (P.S.); (Y.G.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiukai Cao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Y.); (L.G.); (P.S.); (Y.G.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shanhe Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Y.); (L.G.); (P.S.); (Y.G.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyang Lv
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Y.); (L.G.); (P.S.); (Y.G.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tesfaye Getachew
- International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Addis Ababa 999047, Ethiopia; (T.G.); (J.M.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Joram M. Mwacharo
- International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Addis Ababa 999047, Ethiopia; (T.G.); (J.M.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Aynalem Haile
- International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Addis Ababa 999047, Ethiopia; (T.G.); (J.M.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Wei Sun
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Z.Y.); (L.G.); (P.S.); (Y.G.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (S.W.); (X.L.)
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- “Innovative China” “Belt and Road” International Agricultural Technology Innovation Institute for Evaluation, Protection, and Improvement on Sheep Genetic Resource, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Liu H, Zhou J, Degen A, Liu H, Cao X, Hao L, Shang Z, Ran T, Long R. A comparison of average daily gain, apparent digestibilities, energy balance, rumen fermentation parameters, and serum metabolites between yaks ( Bos grunniens) and Qaidam cattle ( Bos taurus) consuming diets differing in energy level. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 12:77-86. [PMID: 36514373 PMCID: PMC9735264 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Yaks (Bos grunniens), indigenous to the harsh Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, are well adapted to the severe conditions, and graze natural pasture without supplements all year round. Qaidam cattle (Bos taurus), introduced to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 1,700 years ago, are raised at a lower altitude than yaks, provided with shelter at night and offered supplements in winter. Based on their different backgrounds, we hypothesized that yaks have lower energy requirements for maintenance than cattle. To test this hypothesis, we measured average daily gain (ADG), apparent digestibilities, energy balance, rumen fermentation parameters, and serum metabolites in growing yaks and cattle offered diets differing in metabolizable energy (ME) levels (6.62, 8.02, 9.42 and 10.80 MJ/kg), but with the same crude protein concentration. Six castrated yaks (155 ± 5.8 kg) and 6 castrated Qaidam cattle (154 ± 8.0 kg), all 2.5 years old, were used in 2 concurrent 4 × 4 Latin square designs. Neutral and acid detergent fiber digestibilities were greater (P < 0.05) in yaks than in cattle, and decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary energy level; whereas, digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and ether extract increased (P < 0.05) linearly with increasing energy level. The ADG was greater (P < 0.001) in yaks than in cattle, and increased (P < 0.05) linearly with increasing energy levels. From the regressions of ADG on ME intake, the estimated ME requirement for maintenance was lower (P < 0.05) in yaks than in cattle (0.43 vs. 0.57 MJ/kg BW0.75). The ratios of digestible energy (DE):gross energy and ME:DE were higher (P < 0.05) in yaks than in cattle, and increased (P < 0.05) linearly with increasing dietary energy level. Ruminal pH decreased (P < 0.05), whereas concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ammonia increased (P < 0.01) with increasing dietary energy level, and all were greater (P < 0.05) in yaks than in cattle. Concentrations of ruminal acetate and iso-VFAs were greater (P < 0.05), whereas propionate was lower (P < 0.05) in yaks than in cattle; acetate decreased (P < 0.001), whereas butyrate and propionate increased (P < 0.001) linearly with increasing dietary energy level. Serum concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate were lower (interaction, P < 0.001) in yaks than in cattle fed diets of 9.42 and 10.80 MJ/kg, whereas non-esterified fatty acids were greater (interaction, P < 0.01) in yaks than in cattle fed diets of 6.62 and 8.02 MJ/kg. Concentrations of serum leptin and growth hormone were greater in yaks than in cattle and serum insulin and growth hormone increased (P < 0.01) linearly with increasing dietary energy level. Our hypothesis that yaks have lower energy requirements for maintenance than cattle was supported. This lower requirement confers an advantage to yaks over Qaidam cattle in consuming low energy diets during the long winter on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China,International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Allan Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410500, Israel
| | - Hongshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xuliang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lizhuang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Zhanhuan Shang
- International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tao Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ruijun Long
- International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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7
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Dzhulamanov KM, Lebedev SV, Gerasimov N, Kolpakov VI. Effect of leptin C528T and leptin C73T polymorphisms and pregnancy on adipose tissue formation and carcass grade in Aberdeen Angus heifers and first-calf cows. Vet World 2022; 15:1632-1640. [PMID: 36185540 PMCID: PMC9394138 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1632-1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The leptin (LEP) gene plays a role in the regulation of the activity required to obtain food, energy metabolism, and fat deposition and affects the body composition of animals. Lipogenesis is an ineffective process. A lot of energy from feed is expended on the synthesis of adipose tissue. This study aimed to determine the effect of LEP C528T and LEP C73T polymorphisms and pregnancy on adipose tissue formation and carcass grade in Aberdeen Angus heifers and first-calf cows. Materials and Methods: Heifers (n = 49) and first-calf cows (n = 30) were grouped according to their genotype for LEP C528T and LEP C73T polymorphisms at the age of 24 months. DNA samples were isolated from whole blood. Experimental animals were slaughtered at the age of 24 months, and a chemical analysis of samples of longissimus dorsi muscle and ground beef was performed. Results: The maximum internal fat weight, back-fat thickness, and fat content of the longissimus dorsi muscle and ground beef were determined in heifers heterozygous for both LEP C528T and LEP C73T polymorphisms. The ranking of genotypes in terms of adipose tissue formation did not change in first-calf cows compared to heifers carrying the same LEP gene variants. Pregnancy had a more significant (p < 0.05–0.001) effect on slaughter parameters and lipogenesis in animals of different genotypes than studied polymorphisms. Heterozygosity of the LEP gene was much more strongly expressed in the carcass grade of heifers. ”Prime” grades were assigned to 66.7% of carcasses heterozygous for LEP C528T and “Top Choice” to 58.8% of carcasses with LEP C73T nucleotide substitutions. Conclusion: LEP C528T and LEP C73T polymorphisms were shown to affect the extent of fat formation in Aberdeen Angus heifers and first-calf cows. Animals with heterozygous genotypes exhibited the maximum development of internal fat, back-fat, and intramuscular fat. Pregnancy had a more significant effect on slaughter parameters and adipose tissue formation than studied polymorphisms. First-calf cows had a significantly lower fat content in carcasses than heifers. These results can aid in the production of efficient mature herds of Aberdeen Angus cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Dzhulamanov
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies RAS, Orenburg, Russian Federation
| | - S. V. Lebedev
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies RAS, Orenburg, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay Gerasimov
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies RAS, Orenburg, Russian Federation
| | - V. I. Kolpakov
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies RAS, Orenburg, Russian Federation
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8
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Işık R, Özkan Ünal E, Soysal M. Polymorphism detection of <i>DGAT1</i> and <i>Lep</i> genes in Anatolian water buffalo (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>) populations in Turkey. Arch Anim Breed 2022; 65:1-9. [PMID: 35024434 PMCID: PMC8738919 DOI: 10.5194/aab-65-1-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyl-CoA: diacylglycerol–acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1)
enzyme plays a key role in controlling the synthesis rate triglyceride from
diacylglycerol. Leptin (LP, OB, obese) is an important hormone that
synthesizes mostly from adipose tissue and regulates glucose metabolism and
homeostasis. DGAT1 and Lep genes are closely related to reproduction, growth, milk
yield and composition in water buffalo breeds. This study aimed to identify
genetic variation in the DGAT1 and Lep gene regions in 150 water buffalo individuals
from five different provinces of Turkey using DNA sequencing. A total of 38
nucleotide variations and indels have identified 761 bp long partial intron
2 and exon 3 and 5′ UTR regions of the Lep gene in Anatolian water buffalo
populations; 422 bp long partial exon 7–9 and exon 8 regions of DGAT1 gene were
amplified and two mutations were defined in the point of 155 and 275
nucleotide that is three genotypes for S allele and Y allele of DGAT1 gene in
intron 7 in Anatolian buffalo populations, respectively. These SNPs may have
an effect on reproduction, growth, milk yield and composition in water
buffalo populations and may prove to be useful for water buffalo breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziye Işık
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology,
Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ 59030, Turkey
| | - Emel Özkan Ünal
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Tekirdağ
Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ 59030, Turkey
| | - M. İhsan Soysal
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Tekirdağ
Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ 59030, Turkey
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9
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Fernandes GA, de Oliveira AS, de Araújo CV, Couto VRM, de Moraes KAK, de Moraes EHBK. Prediction of pasture intake by beef cattle in tropical conditions. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 54:13. [PMID: 34902077 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-03018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Forage intake is the most important factor for beef cattle raised on pasture, as it is the basis of the diet. Thus, knowing the variables that affect this parameter can help supplementation programs. Thus, a meta-analytic study was conducted to develop and evaluate models for the prediction of pasture dry matter intake (DMIpasture) by beef cattle in tropical conditions. Eight hundred four individual observations of DMIpasture were used, taken from 23 studies through analysis of mixed models, including the study as a random effect. To evaluate the accuracy and precision of the new models proposed as well as for the models of Azevedo et al. (2016) and Minson and McDonald (1987), an independent databank with 87 means from treatments of 21 experiments (n = 888 animals) was used. Three prediction models were adjusted: model I (animal information), model II (animal information + supplement), and model III (animal information + supplement + pasture). The proposed models presented similarity for the average square root of the prediction error. The inclusion of the predictive variables for supplementation (supplement dry matter intake - DMIsupplement - % of the body weight and crude protein intake through supplement) with the variables for the animal (BW0.75 and average daily gain) and of the pasture (% of crude protein) in model III improved accuracy and precision and provided higher determination and correlation coefficients, and agreement than the other proposed models. Similarly, it was found to be more accurate and precise than the equations of Azevêdo et al. (2016) and Minson and McDonald (1987), which presented lower precision. The DMIpasture for beef cattle in tropical conditions is more accurate and precise when the information for the animal, supplement, and pasture is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geferson Antonio Fernandes
- Núcleo de Estudos Em Pecuária Intensiva - NEPI, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Sinop, Mato Grosso, 78550-728, Brazil
| | - André Soares de Oliveira
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Em Pecuária Leiteira - NPLEITE, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Sinop, Mato Grosso, 78550-728, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Vieira de Araújo
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino em Melhoramento Animal - NUPEMA, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Sinop, Mato Grosso, 78550-728, Brazil
| | - Victor Rezende Moreira Couto
- Centro de Pesquisa em Pecuária Extensiva - CEPPEX, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia - Goiás, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Kamila Andreatta Kling de Moraes
- Núcleo de Estudos Em Pecuária Intensiva - NEPI, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Sinop, Mato Grosso, 78550-728, Brazil
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10
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Chen H, Wang C, Huasai S, Chen A. Dietary Concentrate Supplementation Alters Serum Metabolic Profiles Related to Energy and Amino Acid Metabolism in Grazing Simmental Heifers. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:743410. [PMID: 34765668 PMCID: PMC8577580 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.743410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementation plays a vital role in the growth performance of grazing heifers. We investigated the effects of maize-based concentrate supplementation on the serum metabolome in grazing heifers. Twenty-four 7-month-old heifers (211.65 ± 4.25 kg BW) were randomly divided into a supplement (SUP) group and a control (CON) group. The results indicated that concentrate supplementation increased the final body weight (BW) of grazing heifers, and the average daily gain (ADG) was 61.5% (P = 0.011) higher in the SUP group than in the CON group. Serum concentrations of total protein (TP), triglyceride (TG), and leptin were higher in the SUP group than in the CON group (p < 0.05). Supplementation increased serum metabolites and amino acids and markedly altered glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism, which contributed to the heifer growth. Furthermore, by multivariate analysis, 45 serum metabolites were identified as significantly different between the two groups. Enrichment analysis revealed that arginine biosynthesis and tryptophan metabolism as well as glycerophospholipid metabolism were significantly enriched between the two groups. We concluded that the growth potential of heifers could be improved by maize-based concentrate supplementation, and the main biological pathways affected were those related to energy and amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chunjie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Simujide Huasai
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Aorigele Chen
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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11
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Mandefro A, Sisay T, Kim KS, Edea Z, Konwarh R, Dadi H. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of leptin gene in five Ethiopian indigenous cattle breeds and the Korean Hanwoo breed. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:202. [PMID: 33694014 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Considering the escalating number of scientific reports on the association between the leptin gene and diverse physiological traits and performance of cattle populations, this study was directed towards identifying SNPs in the leptin gene among five indigenous cattle breeds of Ethiopia. DNA samples were extracted from the nasal swabs of the Ethiopian indigenous cattle breeds: Arsi (n = 18), Horro (n = 20), Begait (n = 21), Boran (n = 19), and Fogera (n = 17) and the Korean Hanwoo (a representative taurine breed) (n = 20), followed by PCR amplification of exon 2 and exon 3 regions of the leptin gene and sequence analysis of the PCR products. Five SNPs, two (generating missense mutations) on exon 2 and three (generating silent mutations) on exon 3 regions, were explicated in this study. Allele frequency and genotype frequency distribution pertaining to the SNPs were recorded for the studied cattle breeds besides the minor allele frequency and deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Positive FIS index values were recorded for all the markers except SNP2, illustrative of heterozygote deficiency. MEGA X software-based evolutionary divergence analysis of the phylogenetic tree based on the SNP data revealed that the large-sized breeds, Hanwoo, Begait, Boran, and Fogera, were more closely clustered compared to the small-sized Arsi breed. Among the seven haplotypes documented from the various breeds, sequence analysis was suggestive of haplotypes 1 and 2 to be ancestral haplotypes for the leptin gene. This study is envisaged to accelerate molecular breeding programs for the genetic improvement of the Ethiopian cattle breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayele Mandefro
- Department of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Sisay
- Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kwan-Suk Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763, South Korea
| | - Zewdu Edea
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 361-763, South Korea
| | - Rocktotpal Konwarh
- Department of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Division of Nanobiomaterials and Nanomedicine, Uniglobe Scientific Pvt. Ltd., 7/9, Kishan Garh, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Hailu Dadi
- Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute, P.O. Box 2490, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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12
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Xue BC, Zhang JX, Wang ZS, Wang LZ, Peng QH, Da LC, Bao SK, Kong XY, Xue B. Metabolism response of grazing yak to dietary concentrate supplementation in warm season. Animal 2021; 15:100175. [PMID: 33610519 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementary feeding has a significant effect on the growth performance of grazing yaks. However, as far as is known, little information is available concerning how energy or protein feed supplementation affects the serum metabolome of grazing yaks during the warm season. We investigated the effects of supplementation with two different concentrates on the serum metabolome in grazing yaks using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in conjunction with multivariate data analysis. Twenty-four 2-year-old female yaks (133.04 ± 6.52 kg BW) were randomly divided into three groups and fed three different regimes (n = 8 per group): (1) grazing plus hull-less barley (HLB) supplementation, (2) grazing plus rapeseed meal (RSM) supplementation, and (3) grazing without supplementation. Both HLB and RSM supplementation significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG), and ADG under HLB supplementation was 11.9% higher (P < 0.05) than that of the RSM group. Supplementation markedly altered glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism, with the difference manifested as increased levels of some amino acids, acetyl-glycoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and very low-density lipoproteins . Furthermore, the levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and lactate metabolism were decreased. Serum metabolite changes in yaks in the HLB supplementation treatment differed from those in the RSM supplementation treatment; the difference was primarily manifested in lipid- and protein-related metabolites. We conclude that both the energy supplementation (HLB) and the protein supplementation (RSM) could remarkably promote the growth of yak heifers during the warm season, and the effect of energy supplementation was superior. Supplementary feeding changed the serum metabolite levels of yak heifers, indicating that such feeding could improve glucose's energy-supply efficiency and increase the metabolic intensity of lipids and proteins. Supplementation of yaks with HLB was more efficient in the promotion of yak glucose and protein anabolism compared to supplementation with RSM, while having a lesser effect on lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Xue
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - J X Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Z S Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - L Z Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Q H Peng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - L C Da
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - S K Bao
- Animal Husbandry and Scientific Research Institute of Qinghai Province, Haibei 810200, China
| | - X Y Kong
- Animal Husbandry and Scientific Research Institute of Qinghai Province, Haibei 810200, China
| | - B Xue
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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13
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Zalewska M, Puppel K, Sakowski T. Associations between gene polymorphisms and selected meat traits in cattle - A review. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:1425-1438. [PMID: 33561332 PMCID: PMC8495340 DOI: 10.5713/ab.20.0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining a high level of beef consumption requires paying attention not only to quantitative traits but also to the quality and dietary properties of meat. Growing consumer demands do not leave producers many options for how animals are selected for breeding and animal keeping. Meat and carcass fatness quality traits, which are influenced by multiple genes, are economically important in beef cattle breeding programs. The recent availability of genome sequencing methods and many previously identified molecular markers offer new opportunities for animal breeding, including the use of molecular information in selection programs. Many gene polymorphisms have thus far been analyzed and evaluated as potential candidates for molecular markers of meat quality traits. Knowledge of these markers can be further applied to breeding programs through marker-assisted selection. In this literature review, we discuss the most promising and well-described candidates and their associations with selected beef production traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zalewska
- Department of Bacterial Physiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-096, Poland
| | - Kamila Puppel
- Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02-786, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sakowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Nutrigenomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Magdalenka 05-552, Poland
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14
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Yadav T, Magotra A, Kumar R, Bangar YC, Garg AR, Kumar S, Jeet V, Malik BS. Evaluation of candidate genotype of leptin gene associated with fertility and production traits in Hardhenu (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:1698-1705. [PMID: 32965761 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted on Hardhenu cattle to screen genomic region of leptin gene with an objective to find the association of genotypes with fertility and production traits. The association analysis with traits under study was analysed by least squares analysis of variance by taking SNPs genotype as fixed effects in the statistical model. The genotypic frequencies with respect to targeted loci g.92450765 G > A indicated that AG (0.54) genotype was highest in Hardhenu cattle. Chi-squared tests showed that g.92450765G > A SNP meet with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p > .05).The association analysis revealed significant association of genotypes with total milk yield (TMY) and 305 days milk yield (MY) (p < .05). Service period (SP) and calving interval (CI) were also found significantly associated with genotypes (p < .05). Whereas, lactation length (LL), dry days (DD) and age at first calving (AFC) did not divulge any significant association with genotype. The AG and GG genotypes were associated with higher milk yields as compared to AA genotype, indicating that allele G was associated with superior milk performance. However, AA genotyped cattle found to be favourable with SP, CI and artificial insemination (AI) per conception compared to AG and GG genotyped cows. Chi-square analysis revealed that genetic variants of g.92450765 G > A SNP of leptin gene differ significantly with regard to reproductive disorders incidence (p < .05). The frequency of GG genotype (88.89%) in the affected animal group was very high followed by AG. The animals with GG genotype were found to be more susceptible to reproductive disorders as suggested by the higher odd ratio value (16.00) in logistic model. These observations and their differential association with the fertility and production traits can be utilized as an aid to selection for genetic improvement of antagonistic traits in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejwanti Yadav
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Ankit Magotra
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Yogesh C Bangar
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Asha Rani Garg
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Livestock Farm Complex, LUVAS, Hisar, India
| | - Vikram Jeet
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Baljit S Malik
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (LUVAS), Hisar, India
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Dietary Energy Levels Affect Rumen Bacterial Populations that Influence the Intramuscular Fat Fatty Acids of Fattening Yaks ( Bos grunniens). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091474. [PMID: 32842565 PMCID: PMC7552236 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Yak, a bovid animal, is the predominant livestock on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Rumen is an important digestive organ for ruminants, such as cattle, yak, and sheep. Rumen bacteria play a crucial role in dietary energy digestion of yaks and in their adaptation to the plateau environment. Dietary energy levels affect rumen bacterial populations and lipid deposition in the meat of ruminants. The intramuscular fat fatty acid profile is important for meat quality and human health. This study was conducted to determine the rumen bacterial populations affected by dietary energy levels and understand their relationship with intramuscular fat fatty acids. The results found that increasing dietary energy significantly increased ruminal propionate concentration and reduced the ammonia concentration. High dietary energy increased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and mainly increased ruminal amylolytic and propionate-producing bacteria populations. Ruminal acetate and propionate were positively related to intramuscular saturated fatty acid content, and Prevotella was positively related to intramuscular polyunsaturated fatty acid content and negatively related to intramuscular saturated fatty acid content. This study gives insights into how the effects of dietary energy on rumen bacterial populations are related to intramuscular fat fatty acids of yaks. Abstract The yak rumen microflora has more efficient fiber-degrading and energy-harvesting abilities than that of low-altitude cattle; however, few studies have investigated the effects of dietary energy levels on the rumen bacterial populations and the relationship between rumen bacteria and the intramuscular fatty acid profile of fattening yaks. In this study, thirty yaks were randomly assigned to three groups. Each group received one of the three isonitrogenous diets with low (3.72 MJ/kg), medium (4.52 MJ/kg), and high (5.32 MJ/kg) levels of net energy for maintenance and fattening. After 120 days of feeding, results showed that increasing dietary energy significantly increased ruminal propionate fermentation and reduced ammonia concentration. The 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that increasing dietary energy significantly increased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and stimulated the relative abundance of Succiniclasticum, Saccharofermentans, Ruminococcus, and Blautia populations. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that high dietary energy increased the abundances of Streptococcus bovis, Prevotella ruminicola, and Ruminobacter amylophilus at the species level. Association analysis showed that ruminal acetate was positively related to some intramuscular saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents, and Prevotella was significantly positively related to intramuscular total polyunsaturated fatty acid content and negatively related to intramuscular total SFA content. This study showed that high dietary energy mainly increased ruminal amylolytic and propionate-producing bacteria populations, which gave insights into how the effects of dietary energy on rumen bacteria are related to intramuscular fat fatty acids of fattening yaks.
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Wang L, Raza SHA, Gui L, Li S, Liu X, Yang X, Wang S, Zan L, Zhao C. Associations between UASMS2 polymorphism in leptin gene and growth, carcass and meat quality traits of cattle: a meta-analysis. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:279-288. [PMID: 32804584 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1805327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although numerous studies investigated the effect of UASMS2 polymorphism in leptin gene on cattle production, a consensus has not yet been reached. Therefore, we reviewed and meta-analyzed the effects of UASMS2 on cattle. We searched potentially relevant studies from seven databases (to December 25, 2019). Standard mean difference along with 95% confidence intervals was calculated to assess the strength of association through the random-effects model. Six published articles containing 1378 cattle samples were included in our meta-analysis. We found UASMS2 was not related to carcass weight, dressing percentage and loin muscle area in the recessive genetic model, but there was a significant association between UASMS2 and average daily weight gain, dry matter intake, body weight, marbling score, and backfat thickness. This meta-analysis indicated that UASMS2 was associated with growth and meat quality traits of cattle, implying that this SNP can be used reliably in beef cattle breeding. This study may provide valuable information on improving beef yield and quality in cattle production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | | | - Linsheng Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuchun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinran Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Sihu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chunping Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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17
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He ML, Stanford K, Dugan MER, Marquess L, McAllister TA. Association of leptin genotype with growth performance, adipocyte cellularity, meat quality, and fatty acid profile in beef steers fed flaxseed or high-oleate sunflower seed diets with or without triticale dried distiller's grains. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa104. [PMID: 32277699 PMCID: PMC7185023 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin genotypes can be identified as homozygous normal (CC), homozygous mutant (TT), and heterozygous (CT) based on a single-nucleotide polymorphism in exon 2 of the leptin gene, which has been associated with feed intake and fat deposition in cattle. The experiment was designed as 2 × 2 × 2 factorial with three main factors: (1) genotype (CT or TT) and diets fed 2) with or without triticale dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDG), and 3) with either flaxseed (FS) or high-oleate sunflower seed (SS). Evaluations included growth performance, subcutaneous fat deposition, adipocyte cellularity, meat quality, and fatty acid (FA) profile of various depots. Beef steers (n = 40, 459 ± 31 kg) of either CT or TT genotypes were housed in individual pens with ad libitum access to one of the four diets: 75% steam-rolled barley + 10% barley silage with 10% FS or SS (non-DDG diets, NDG) and 46.5% barley + 10% barley silage + 30% DDG, with 8.5% FS or SS, all on a dry matter basis. Growth performance, ultrasound subcutaneous fat thickness, rib eye area (REA), and plasma FA were measured prior to and during the finishing period. At slaughter, samples of subcutaneous fat, perirenal fat, and Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle were collected for FA analysis and carcass and meat quality were measured. Compared with CT cattle, TT tended to have less (P = 0.06) C18:2-c9,t11 (rumenic acid) in plasma and subcutaneous fat and a greater proportion (P < 0.05) of C18:0 in subcutaneous, perirenal, and LT fat. Cattle with TT genotype also tended (P < 0.1) to have more total saturated and less unsaturated (USFA) and monounsaturated fats (MUFA) and had less (P = 0.04) linoleic acid in LT. Ultrasound fat thickness, REA, and average diameter of adipocytes in subcutaneous fat at 12 wk were not affected (P > 0.39) by genotype. Generally, carcass and meat quality were similar (P > 0.1) among diets, although adding FS tended to increase (P = 0.06) total USFA of subcutaneous fat including omega-3 FA (P < 0.001). For the high-fat diets evaluated, CT cattle would have more potential to produce beef with enhanced health benefits than would TT cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolong L He
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Kim Stanford
- Agriculture Centre, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Canada
| | | | - Tim A McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Canada
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Leal-Gutiérrez JD, Mateescu RG. Genetic basis of improving the palatability of beef cattle: current insights. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2019.1616299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Ardicli S, Samli H, Vatansever B, Soyudal B, Dincel D, Balci F. Comprehensive assessment of candidate genes associated with fattening performance in Holstein-Friesian bulls. Arch Anim Breed 2019; 62:9-32. [PMID: 31807610 PMCID: PMC6852860 DOI: 10.5194/aab-62-9-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in selected candidate genes with fattening performance traits in a commercial cattle herd. Fifteen SNPs in 12 candidate genes (LEP, FABP4, DGAT1, TG, IGF1, IGF1R, MYF5, LGB, CAPN1, CAST, GHR, and OLR1) were evaluated in 296 purebred Holstein-Friesian bulls using PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism). Associations between each segregating SNP and genetic merit for fattening performance were quantified using linear mixed models. Traits included in the study were fattening period, final weight, dry matter intake, feed conversion rate, and average daily weight gain. Apart from the general determination of the above-mentioned traits, each trait was evaluated based on the fattening periods between five selected target body weights (W1 = 100 kg, W2 = 200 kg, W3 = 300 kg, W4 = 400 kg, W5 = 450 kg). All markers with the exception of CAPN1 530, IGF1R, TG, and DGAT1 were associated with at least one of the traits. Furthermore, novel associations were observed for LEP × GHR, IGF1 × LEP, FABP4 3691 × FABP4 2834, and FAP4 3533 × LEP interactions. The results of this study confirm some previously reported associations. Moreover, novel associations have been identified, which may be incorporated into breeding programs to improve fattening performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Ardicli
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, 16059 Nilufer, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hale Samli
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, 16059 Nilufer, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Buse Vatansever
- Department of Biology, Institute of Science, Uludag University, 16059 Nilufer, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Bahadir Soyudal
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, 16059 Nilufer, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Deniz Dincel
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, 16059 Nilufer, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Faruk Balci
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, 16059 Nilufer, Bursa, Turkey
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Shishay G, Liu G, Jiang X, Yu Y, Teketay W, Du D, Jing H, Liu C. Variation in the Promoter Region of the MC4R Gene Elucidates the Association of Body Measurement Traits in Hu Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E240. [PMID: 30634446 PMCID: PMC6358852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene is expressed in the appetite-regulating areas of the brain and is engaged in the leptin signaling pathway. Although previous studies have identified variants in the coding region of the sheep MC4R gene showing significant associations with birth weight, weaning weight, and backfat thickness, no such associations have been reported for the promoter region. Besides, the essential promoter region of the sheep MC4R has not been delineated. In this study, to better understand the transcriptional regulation of MC4R and to elucidate the association between regulatory variants and haplotypes with body measurement traits in sheep, we cloned and characterized the MC4R promoter. We found that the minimal promoter of the gene is located within the region -1207/-880 bp upstream of the first exon. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) data revealed the mRNA expression of the MC4R gene had a significant difference between sex and age. In the association analysis, eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) had a significant association with one or more traits (p < 0.05); of these, two SNPs were novel. Notably, individuals with haplotype H1H2 (CT-GA-GT-GA-GT-GA-GA-CG) were heavier in body weight than other haplotypes. Altogether, variations in the MC4R gene promoter, most notably haplotype H1H2, may greatly benefit marker-assisted selection in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girmay Shishay
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Guiqiong Liu
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xunping Jiang
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yun Yu
- Laboratory of Small Ruminant Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Wassie Teketay
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Dandan Du
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Huang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Chenghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Sharma VK, Kundu SS, Datt C, Prusty S, Kumar M, Sontakke UB. Buffalo heifers selected for lower residual feed intake have lower feed intake, better dietary nitrogen utilisation and reduced enteric methane production. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e607-e614. [PMID: 29027698 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the utilisation of the residual feed intake (RFI) as a feed efficiency selection tool and its relationship with methane emissions. Eighteen Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) heifers were fed ad libitum with total mixed ration (TMR) for 120 days. Based on linear regression models involving dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG) and mid-test metabolic body size (MBW0.75 ), heifers were assigned into low and high RFI groups. The RFI varied from -0.09 to +0.12 kg DM/day with average RFI of -0.05 and 0.05 kg DM/day in low and high RFI heifers respectively. Low RFI heifers ate 11.6% less DM each day, yet average daily gain (ADG) and feed utilisation were comparable among low and high RFI groups. Low RFI heifers required significantly (p < .05) less metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm) compared to high RFI heifers. Apparent nutrient digestibility showed non-significant difference (p > .05) among low and high RFI groups. Although the nitrogen balance was similar among heifers of low and high RFI groups, nitrogen metabolism was significantly higher (p > .05) in high RFI heifers. Comparison of data from heifers exhibiting the low (n = 9) and high (n = 9) RFI showed that the low RFI heifers have lower enteric methane production and methane losses than high RFI heifers. In conclusion, results of this study revealed that selection of more efficient buffalo heifers has multiple benefits, such as decreased feed intake and less emission of methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Sharma
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Jammu, Kathua, India
| | - S S Kundu
- Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - C Datt
- Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - S Prusty
- Department of Animal Nutrition, CGKV, Bilaspur, India
| | - M Kumar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, DUVASU, Mathura, India
| | - U B Sontakke
- Panchayat Samiti Etapalli, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, India
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22
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Mota LFM, Bonafé CM, Alexandre PA, Santana MH, Novais FJ, Toriyama E, Pires AV, da Luz Silva S, Leme PR, Ferraz JBS, Fukumasu H. Circulating leptin and its muscle gene expression in Nellore cattle with divergent feed efficiency. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017; 8:71. [PMID: 28883916 PMCID: PMC5580337 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leptin has a strong relation to important traits in animal production, such as carcass composition, feed intake, and reproduction. It is mainly produced by adipose cells and acts predominantly in the hypothalamus. In this study, circulating leptin and its gene expression in muscle were evaluated in two groups of young Nellore bulls with divergent feed efficiency. Individual dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) of 98 Nellore bulls were evaluated in feedlot for 70 d to determinate the residual feed intake (RFI) and select 20 animals for the high feed efficient (LRFI) and 20 for the low feed efficient (HRFI) groups. Blood samples were collected on d 56 and at slaughter (80 d) to determine circulating plasma leptin. Samples of Longissimus dorsi were taken at slaughter for leptin gene expression levels. Results DMI and RFI were different between groups and LRFI animals showed less back fat and rump fat thickness, as well as less pelvic and kidney fat weight. Circulating leptin increased over time in all animals. Plasma leptin was greater in LRFI on 56 d and at slaughter (P = 0.0049). Gene expression of leptin were greater in LRFI animals (P = 0.0022) in accordance with the plasma levels. The animals of the LRFI group were leaner, ate less, and had more circulating leptin and its gene expression. Conclusion These findings demonstrated that leptin plays its physiological role in young Nellore bulls, probably controlling food intake because feed efficient animals have more leptin and lower residual feed intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcio Flávio Macedo Mota
- Departmento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG 39100-000 Brazil.,Present adress: Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900 Brazil
| | - Cristina Moreira Bonafé
- Departmento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG 39100-000 Brazil
| | - Pâmela Almeida Alexandre
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte n°225, Pirassununga, 13635-900 SP Brazil
| | - Miguel Henrique Santana
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte n°225, Pirassununga, 13635-900 SP Brazil
| | - Francisco José Novais
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte n°225, Pirassununga, 13635-900 SP Brazil
| | - Erika Toriyama
- Departmento de Zootecnia e Desenvolvimento Agrossocioambiental Sustentável, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ 24230-340 Brazil
| | - Aldrin Vieira Pires
- Departmento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG 39100-000 Brazil
| | - Saulo da Luz Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900 SP Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Leme
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900 SP Brazil
| | - José Bento Sterman Ferraz
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte n°225, Pirassununga, 13635-900 SP Brazil
| | - Heidge Fukumasu
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte n°225, Pirassununga, 13635-900 SP Brazil
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Whole-genome sequencing reveals mutational landscape underlying phenotypic differences between two widespread Chinese cattle breeds. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183921. [PMID: 28841720 PMCID: PMC5571935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing provides a powerful tool to obtain more genetic variability that could produce a range of benefits for cattle breeding industry. Nanyang (Bos indicus) and Qinchuan (Bos taurus) are two important Chinese indigenous cattle breeds with distinct phenotypes. To identify the genetic characteristics responsible for variation in phenotypes between the two breeds, in the present study, we for the first time sequenced the genomes of four Nanyang and four Qinchuan cattle with 10 to 12 fold on average of 97.86% and 98.98% coverage of genomes, respectively. Comparison with the Bos_taurus_UMD_3.1 reference assembly yielded 9,010,096 SNPs for Nanyang, and 6,965,062 for Qinchuan cattle, 51% and 29% of which were novel SNPs, respectively. A total of 154,934 and 115,032 small indels (1 to 3 bp) were found in the Nanyang and Qinchuan genomes, respectively. The SNP and indel distribution revealed that Nanyang showed a genetically high diversity as compared to Qinchuan cattle. Furthermore, a total of 2,907 putative cases of copy number variation (CNV) were identified by aligning Nanyang to Qinchuan genome, 783 of which (27%) encompassed the coding regions of 495 functional genes. The gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that many CNV genes were enriched in the immune system and environment adaptability. Among several CNV genes related to lipid transport and fat metabolism, Lepin receptor gene (LEPR) overlapping with CNV_1815 showed remarkably higher copy number in Qinchuan than Nanyang (log2 (ratio) = -2.34988; P value = 1.53E-102). Further qPCR and association analysis investigated that the copy number of the LEPR gene presented positive correlations with transcriptional expression and phenotypic traits, suggesting the LEPR CNV may contribute to the higher fat deposition in muscles of Qinchuan cattle. Our findings provide evidence that the distinct phenotypes of Nanyang and Qinchuan breeds may be due to the different genetic variations including SNPs, indels and CNV.
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Migdal L, Koziol K, Palka S, Migdal W, Zabek T, Otwinowska-Mindur A, Migdal A, Kmiecik M, Maj D, Bieniek J. Mutations in Leptin (LEP) Gene Are Associated with Carcass and Meat Quality Traits in Crossbreed Rabbits. Anim Biotechnol 2017; 29:153-159. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2017.1347881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Migdal
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Konrad Koziol
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Palka
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wladyslaw Migdal
- Department of Animal Product Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zabek
- Department of Genomics and Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production Poland
| | - Agnieszka Otwinowska-Mindur
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Migdal
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Kmiecik
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Maj
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jozef Bieniek
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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25
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Ardicli S, Dincel D, Samli H, Balci F. Effects of polymorphisms at <i>LEP</i>, <i>CAST</i>, <i>CAPN1</i>, <i>GHR</i>, <i>FABP4</i> and <i>DGAT1</i> genes on fattening performance and carcass traits in Simmental bulls. Arch Anim Breed 2017. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-60-61-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at six candidate genes (LEP, CAST, CAPN1, GHR, FABP4 and DGAT1) on fattening performance and carcass traits of Simmental bulls in Turkey. The analysis covered a total of 81 Simmental bulls grown on a private farm that were randomly selected for their fattening period for use in this study. Genotyping was performed using the PCR-RFLP method. The S20T polymorphism at the CAST gene and the G316A polymorphism at the CAPN1 gene were associated with variation in final weight, fattening period, weight gain and average daily gain (P < 0.05). In addition, LEP A80V had a significant effect on hot and chilled carcass weight and dressing percentage (P < 0.05). There was no association between GHR S555G, FABP4 V110M and DGAT1 K232A markers with the traits analysed. These results suggested that focusing on the novel effects of LEP, CAST and CAPN1 gene polymorphisms on meat production traits might be useful for marker-assisted selection in Simmental cattle.
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Haglund E, Pilko A, Wollman R, Jennings PA, Onuchic JN. Pierced Lasso Topology Controls Function in Leptin. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:706-718. [PMID: 28035835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b11506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein engineering is a powerful tool in drug design and therapeutics, where disulphide bridges are commonly introduced to stabilize proteins. However, these bonds also introduce covalent loops, which are often neglected. These loops may entrap the protein backbone on opposite sides, leading to a "knotted" topology, forming a so-called Pierced Lasso (PL). In this elegant system, the "knot" is held together with a single disulphide bridge where part of the polypeptide chain is threaded through. The size and position of these covalent loops can be manipulated through protein design in vitro, whereas nature uses polymorphism to switch the PL topology. The PL protein leptin shows genetic modification of an N-terminal residue, adding a third cysteine to the same sequence. In an effort to understand the mechanism of threading of these diverse topologies, we designed three loop variants to mimic the polymorphic sequence. This adds elegance to the system under study, as it allows the generation of three possible covalent loops; they are the original wild-type C-terminal loop protein, the fully circularized unthreaded protein, and the N-terminal loop protein, responsible for different lasso topologies. The size of the loop changes the threading mechanism from a slipknotting to a plugging mechanism, with increasing loop size. Interestingly, the ground state of the native protein structure is largely unaffected, but biological assays show that the activity is maximized by properly controlled dynamics in the threaded state. A threaded topology with proper conformational dynamics is important for receptor interaction and activation of the signaling pathways in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellinor Haglund
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics (CTBP) and Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Chemistry and Biosciences, Rice University , Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Anna Pilko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of California, San Diego (UCSD) , La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Roy Wollman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of California, San Diego (UCSD) , La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Patricia Ann Jennings
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of California, San Diego (UCSD) , La Jolla, California, United States
| | - José Nelson Onuchic
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics (CTBP) and Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Chemistry and Biosciences, Rice University , Houston, Texas, United States
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Casas E, Kehrli ME. A Review of Selected Genes with Known Effects on Performance and Health of Cattle. Front Vet Sci 2016; 3:113. [PMID: 28018909 PMCID: PMC5156656 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are genetic conditions that influence production in dairy and beef cattle. The objective of this review was to describe relevant genetic conditions that have been associated with productivity and health in cattle. Genes or genomic regions that have been identified as a candidate for the condition will be included, and the genetic basis of the condition will be defined. Genes and genetic conditions included in this review are bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency, deficiency of the uridine monophosphate synthase, bovine chronic interstitial nephritis, horn development, myostatin, complex vertebral malformation, leptin, osteopetrosis, apoptosis peptide activating factor 1, chondrodysplastic dwarfism, caseins, calpastatin, umbilical hernia, lactoglobulin, citrullinemia, cholesterol deficiency, prions, thyroglobulin, diacylglycerol acyltransferase, syndactyly, maple syrup urine disease, slick hair, Factor XI deficiency, and μ-Calpain. This review is not meant to be comprehensive, and relevant information is provided to ascertain genetic markers associated with the conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Casas
- National Animal Disease Center, USDA, ARS, Ames, IA, USA
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28
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Nasr MAF, Awad A, El Araby IE. Associations of Leptin
and Pituitary-Specific Transcription Factor
Genes’ Polymorphisms with Reproduction and Production Traits in Dairy Buffalo. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 51:597-603. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MAF Nasr
- Animal Wealth Development Department; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | - A Awad
- Animal Wealth Development Department; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | - IE El Araby
- Animal Wealth Development Department; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
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29
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Foote AP, Hales KE, Kuehn LA, Keisler DH, King DA, Shackelford SD, Wheeler TL, Freetly HC. Relationship of leptin concentrations with feed intake, growth, and efficiency in finishing beef steers. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:4401-7. [PMID: 26440340 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine the association of serum leptin concentrations with production measures including DMI, ADG, and G:F as well as carcass characteristics in genetically diverse finishing beef steers. Three cohorts of steers ( = 473 total) were individually fed a finishing ration for 92, 64, and 84 d for cohort 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Serum was collected on d 42, 22, and 19 of the experiment for cohort 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Leptin concentrations were positively correlated to DMI ( = 0.21, < 0.01) but negatively correlated to grams DMI per kilogram initial BW ( = -0.21, < 0.01). Leptin concentrations were also negatively correlated to ADG and G:F ( < 0.01). Leptin concentrations were positively correlated to 12th-rib fat thickness, yield grade, and marbling score ( < 0.01) and negatively correlated to LM area ( < 0.01). Using a mixed model analysis (SAS 9.3; SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC) to account for breed effects, leptin concentrations were positively associated with DMI ( = 0.01) and accounted for 1.10% of the variance. However, if initial BW and yield grade were included as covariates to account for body size and fatness, leptin was negatively associated with DMI ( = 0.02) and accounted for 0.54% of the variance. Regardless of covariates included in the model, leptin was negatively associated with ADG ( < 0.01) and G:F ( < 0.01) and accounted for 2.62 and 7.87% of the variance for ADG and G:F, respectively. Leptin concentrations were also positively associated with 12th-rib fat thickness, yield grade, and marbling score ( < 0.01) and accounted for 14.74, 12.74, and 6.99% of the variance for 12th-rib fat, yield grade, and marbling score, respectively. Leptin concentrations could be a useful physiological marker for growth and feed efficiency of finishing beef cattle. Genetic influences on the biology of leptin also need to be considered when using leptin as physiological marker for production measures.
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Growth, carcass and meat quality traits in beef from Angus, Hereford and cross-breed grazing steers, and their association with SNPs in genes related to fat deposition metabolism. Meat Sci 2016; 114:121-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Crisà A, D’Andrea M, Willems D, Pilla F, Valentini A. SNPs identification in swine leptin 5’ flanking region and transcriptional activity of naturally occurring promoter haplotypes. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2011.e49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Crisà
- Centro di ricerca per la produzione delle carni e il miglioramento genetico, Monterotondo (RM), Italy
| | - Mariasilvia D’Andrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali Vegetalie dell’Ambiente, Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Daniela Willems
- Dipartimento per la innovazione nei sistemi biologici, agroalimentari e forestali, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Fabio Pilla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali Vegetalie dell’Ambiente, Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Alessio Valentini
- Centro di ricerca per la produzione delle carni e il miglioramento genetico, Monterotondo (RM), Italy
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Lisa C, Albera A, Carnier P, Stasio LD. Variability in Candidate Genes Revealed Associations with Meat Traits in the Piemontese Cattle Breed. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2013.e46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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A comparison of supplemental calcium soap of palm fatty acids versus tallow in a corn-based finishing diet for feedlot steers. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 57:25. [PMID: 26290745 PMCID: PMC4540297 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-015-0053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rumen bypass fat is commonly added to increase energy intake in dairy cattle. The objective of this study is to examine the addition of rumen bypass fat during finishing period on performance and carcass characteristics in grain fed steers. This study was conducted as a completely randomized block design with 126 cross-bred steer calves (initial BW 471.5 ± 7.5 kg) randomly assigned to pens with 9 steers/pen (n = 7 pens/treatment). Each pen was randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups; rumen bypass fat treatment (CCS, calcium soap of palm fatty acids) and control diet (CT, tallow). The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Animals were fed twice daily at 110 % of the previous daily ad libitum intake. Blood from each sample was taken from the jugular vein. Muscle and adipose samples were collected from the longissimus dorsi regions. Feedlot performance and carcass characteristics were assessed. To examine adipogenic gene expression, quantitative real-time PCR was completed. Steers fed the CT had a greater level of performance for most of the parameters measured. The CT group had greater DMI (P < 0.05) and tended to have greater ADG (P < 0.10). Marbling score (P < 0.05) and quality grade (P < 0.05) were greater for steers fed the CT diet than those fed CCS. The longissimus muscle area tended to be greater (P < 0.10) in steers fed CT (87.60 cm2) than those fed CCS (84.88 cm2). The leptin mRNA expression was down-regulated (P < 0.05) in adipose tissue of steers fed a CCS when compared to those fed CT. These data suggest that calcium soap of palm fatty acids can be added to finishing diets without significant reduction in final body weight, although there may be modest reductions in marbling and quality scores.
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Friedrich J, Brand B, Schwerin M. Genetics of cattle temperament and its impact on livestock production and breeding – a review. Arch Anim Breed 2015. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-58-13-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. Cattle temperament, which describes individual behaviour differences with regard to a stressor or environmental challenge, is known for its impact on working safety, adaptability to new housing conditions, animal productivity and for evaluation of animal welfare. However, successful use of temperament in animal breeding and husbandry to improve keeping conditions in general or animal welfare in particular, requires the availability of informative and reproducible phenotypes and knowledge about the genetic modulation of these traits. However, the knowledge about genetic influences on cattle temperament is still limited. In this review, an outline is given for the interdependence between production systems and temperament as well as for the phenotyping of cattle temperament based on both behaviour tests and observations of behaviour under production conditions. In addition, the use of temperament as a selection criterion is discussed.
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Zerbin I, Lehner S, Distl O. Genetics of bovine abomasal displacement. Vet J 2015; 204:17-22. [PMID: 25840863 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Displacement of the abomasum (DA) is a common inherited condition in Holstein cows. This article reviews the genetics of DA including risk factors, genetic parameters and molecular genetic results. Breeds other than Holsteins affected by DA include Guernseys, Jerseys, Brown Swiss, Ayrshires and Simmental-Red Holsteins. In most DA cases, left displacements of the abomasum (LDA) are seen. Lactation incidence rates are higher for DA in first lactation Holsteins compared to later lactations. For Holstein cows, heritability estimates for DA are between 0.03 and 0.53. Genetic correlation estimates among DA and milk production traits range from positive to negative. Genome-wide significant genomic regions associated with LDA are located on bovine chromosomes (BTA) 1, 3, 11, 20 and 23. Motilin-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms on BTA23 exhibit a functional relationship with LDA. Pathways for deposition of calcium, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and synaptic transmission are significantly related to LDA in Holsteins. Deciphering the DA-associated genomic regions and genes may be an important step in the quest to understand the underlying disease-causing mechanisms and in unravelling mutations with a causal relationship to DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Zerbin
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17p, Hannover 30559, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lehner
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17p, Hannover 30559, Germany
| | - Ottmar Distl
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17p, Hannover 30559, Germany.
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Meat production in a feedlot system of Zebu-Holstein steers and heifers with dairy genetics: productive and biological analyses. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2014:371968. [PMID: 25574483 PMCID: PMC4276115 DOI: 10.1155/2014/371968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive and biological efficiency of steers and heifers from dairy genetics in a feedlot system in terms of meat production. Twenty-four steers and 24 heifers at 10 monthes of age, (3/4) Zebu × (1/4) Holstein were utilized. They were distributed over four feedlot times, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days with four replications for each sex, and were slaughtered at the end of each period. The productive and biological analyses were performed through comparative slaughter to determine the body composition. Heifers presented with greater intakes (P < 0.05) of dry matter in grams per kg of body weight. Steers presented with a greater (P < 0.05) final empty body weight, carcass gain, cold carcass weight, and meat proportion in the carcass; however, heifers presented with a greater subcutaneous fat thickness (P < 0.05) and, consequently, a greater (P < 0.05) fat proportion in the carcass. We conclude that steers are more efficient in their productive performance than heifers in a feedlot. For the finishing carcass fat cover, heifers need 90 days in the feedlot. The net energy requirements for maintenance are 67 kcal/EBW0.75/d, and the net requirements of energy (NEg) and protein (NPg) for gain can be estimated by the following equations: NEg(Mcal/d) = 0.067 × EBW0.75 × EBG1.095 and NPg = 162 × EBG − 5.62 × RE for the two sexes.
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Lasagna E, Ceccobelli S, Di Lorenzo P, Albera A, Filippini F, Sarti FM, Panella F, Di Stasio L. Comparison of Four Italian Beef Cattle Breeds by Means of Functional Genes. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Reinhardt CD, Vahl CI, Depenbusch BE, Hutcheson JP, Thomson DU. Feeding zilpaterol hydrochloride is associated with decreased dry matter intake shortly after initiation of feeding dependent on season and previous intake1. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:4751-60. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. D. Reinhardt
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - C. I. Vahl
- Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | | | | | - D. U. Thomson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
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Ítavo L, Dias A, Schio A, Mateus R, Silva F, Ítavo C, Nogueira E, Leal E. Fontes de amido no concentrado de bovinos superprecoces de diferentes classes sexuais. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-6514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivou-se avaliar duas fontes de amido (milho ou sorgo) no concentrado e três classes sexuais sobre o consumo de nutrientes, o desempenho e as características da carcaça de bovinos superprecoces. Foram utilizados 30 animais cruzados Beefalo-Nelore, com peso corporal médio inicial de 234,38±26,17kg, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2x3 (duas fontes de amido e três classes sexuais: fêmeas, machos castrados e machos não castrados). O período experimental foi de 224 dias. Na fase inicial (zero-17 semanas), os ganhos de peso total (GPT) e diário (GMD) foram 150,62 e 108,62kg e 1,27 e 0,91kg/dia, respectivamente, para milho e sorgo. Na fase final (17-32 semanas), houve efeito da fonte de amido para o peso de carcaça, com médias de 273,00 e 231,95kg, respectivamente, para os tratamentos com milho e sorgo. Houve efeito de classe sexual para GP, GMD e eficiência alimentar, com médias de GP iguais a 98,17, 124,70 e 119,70kg, GMD de 0,93, 1,19 e 1,14kg/dia e 8,66, 12,24 e 11,09%, respectivamente, para fêmeas, machos castrados e machos não castrados. Espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS) apresentou médias de 10,50; 5,97 e 5,51mm, respectivamente, para fêmeas, machos castrados e machos não castrados. Recomenda-se o milho como fonte de amido na fase inicial do confinamento de superprecoces. Na fase final (17-32 semanas), não há distinção entre milho ou sorgo. As fêmeas apresentaram maior EGS, e os machos, castrados e não castrados, apresentaram maior eficiência alimentar na fase final do confinamento.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A.M. Dias
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazi
| | - A.R. Schio
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Brasil
| | | | - F.F. Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Brasil; CNPq
| | | | | | - E.S. Leal
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Brasil
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Yamada T. Genetic dissection of marbling trait through integration of mapping and expression profiling. Anim Sci J 2014; 85:349-55. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Yamada
- Department of Agrobiology, Faculty of Agriculture; Niigata University; Niigata Japan
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Karisa B, Moore S, Plastow G. Analysis of biological networks and biological pathways associated with residual feed intake in beef cattle. Anim Sci J 2013; 85:374-87. [PMID: 24373146 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, biological networks were reconstructed from genes and metabolites significantly associated with residual feed intake (RFI) in beef cattle. The networks were then used to identify biological pathways associated with RFI. RFI is a measure of feed efficiency, which is independent of body size and growth; therefore selection for RFI is expected to result in cattle that consume less feed without adverse effects on growth rate and mature size. Although several studies have identified genes associated with RFI, the mechanisms of the biological processes are not well understood. In this study, we utilised the results obtained from two association studies, one using 24 genes and one using plasma metabolites to reconstruct biological networks associated with RFI using IPA software (Igenuity Systems). The results pointed to biological processes such as lipid and steroid biosynthesis, protein and carbohydrate metabolism and regulation of gene expression through DNA transcription, protein stability and degradation. The major canonical pathways included signaling of growth hormone, Oncostatin M, insulin-like growth factor and AMP activated protein kinase, and cholesterol biosynthesis. This study provides information on potential biological mechanisms, and genes and metabolites involved in feed efficiency in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Karisa
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, 4.10 Agriculture Forestry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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McEvers TJ, Walter LJ, Defoor PJ, Swingle RS, Hutcheson JP, Lawrence TE. The effect of supplementing zilpaterol hydrochloride on feeding performance and carcass characteristics of steers sorted by leptin genotype. J Anim Sci 2013; 92:332-8. [PMID: 24305868 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of this investigation was to identify interactions that may exist among alleles of the leptin gene and supplementation of zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH). Steers (n = 4,246; initial BW = 389.8 ± 8.8 kg) were genotyped and sorted into 1 of 3 leptin genotype (LG) groups (homozygous normal [CC], heterozygous [CT], or homozygous mutant ) from a candidate pool of 7,506 steers. Steers were allocated into 48 pens of which one-half were fed the β-adrenergic agonist ZH and the balance, a control diet. During the pretreatment period (d 1 to 102), cattle of the TT genotype exhibited increased (P = 0.02) DMI compared to other genotypes and lower G:F than the CC genotype (P = 0.03). Cattle of the CT genotype had lower (P = 0.02) ADG compared to other genotypes for the treatment period. Cattle fed ZH had improved (P < 0.01) ADG and G:F compared to cattle on the control diet for both the treatment and entire study periods (d 1 to 125). For the entire study period, cattle of the TT genotype had greater (P = 0.03) DMI than the CT allele, with CT cattle having the lowest (P < 0.01) ADG and CC cattle having greatest (P < 0.01) G:F of all alleles. Cattle of the TT genotype had greater (P = 0.03) final shrunk weight than the CT allele. Cattle of the TT genotype had lower (P = 0.04) dressed yield compared to CT cattle and greater (P = 0.01) marbling score compared to CC cattle, with a concurrent increase (P < 0.01) in calculated empty body fat (EBF) over all alleles. Cattle fed ZH had greater (P < 0.01) final shrunk weight, HCW, dressed yield, and LM area coupled with reduced (P < 0.01) marbling score, s.c. fat depth, EBF, and calculated USDA yield grade compared to control steers. Carcasses of the TT allele had a greater (P = 0.01) proportion of Choice carcasses than CT or CC alleles and lesser (P = 0.03) proportion of Select carcasses than CC alleles. Additionally, ZH supplemented cattle had fewer (P < 0.01) carcasses grading Premium Choice or better, Choice, and yield grade 3, 4, and 5 with subsequently more (P < 0.01) carcasses grading Select, Standard, and yield grade 1. Differences in live and carcass performance exist among leptin alleles, which may allow for sorting and improved timeliness of fed beef marketing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J McEvers
- Beef Carcass Research Center, West Texas A&M University, Canyon 79016
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Residual feed intake: a nutritional tool for genetic improvement. Trop Anim Health Prod 2013; 45:1649-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-013-0435-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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de Oliveira JA, da Cunha CM, Crispim BDA, Seno LDO, Fernandes ARM, Nogueira GDP, Grisolia AB. Association of the leptin gene with carcass characteristics in Nellore cattle. Anim Biotechnol 2013; 24:229-42. [PMID: 23777351 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2013.770008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Advances in DNA technology have created biotechnological tools that can be used in animal selection and new strategies for increasing herd productivity and quality. The objective of the present work was to associate the genotypes of leptin gene exon 2 polymorphisms with productive traits in Nellore cattle. Blood was collected from Nellore males and PCR-RFLP reactions were performed with the restriction enzymes Cla I and Kpn 2I. The gene frequencies resulting from digestion by Cla I were 0.60 and 0.40 for allele A and T, respectively; the genotypic frequencies were AA = 0.20 and AT = 0.80. The gene frequencies from digestion by Kpn 2I were 0.81 for allele C and 0.194 for allele T; the genotypic frequencies were CC = 0.62 and CT = 0.38. The populations in both cases were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05), and the TT genotype was not found. Significant associations were noted between leptin gene exon 2 polymorphisms and five productive traits in Nellore cattle: carcass fat distribution, the intensity of red muscle coloration, pH, marbling, and post-slaughter fat thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Azambuja de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados - MS, Brasil.
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Maitra A, Sharma R, Pandey A, Singh L, Mandakmale S, Mishra B. Preliminary identification and characterisation of leptin gene polymorphism in Indian goats. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2013.795895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Genetic polymorphisms and protein structures in growth hormone, growth hormone receptor, ghrelin, insulin-like growth factor 1 and leptin in Mehraban sheep. Gene 2013; 527:397-404. [PMID: 23747407 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The somatotropic axis, the control system for growth hormone (GH) secretion and its endogenous factors involved in the regulation of metabolism and energy partitioning, has promising potentials for producing economically valuable traits in farm animals. Here we investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the genes of factors involved in the somatotropic axis for growth hormone (GH1), growth hormone receptor (GHR), ghrelin (GHRL), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) and leptin (LEP), using polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing methods in 452 individual Mehraban sheep. A nonradioactive method to allow SSCP detection was used for genomic DNA and PCR amplification of six fragments: exons 4 and 5 of GH1; exon 10 of GH receptor (GHR); exon 1 of ghrelin (GHRL); exon 1 of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and exon 3 of leptin (LEP). Polymorphisms were detected in five of the six PCR products. Two electrophoretic patterns were detected for GH1 exon 4. Five conformational patterns were detected for GH1 exon 5 and LEP exon 3, and three for IGF-I exon 1. Only GHR and GHRL were monomorphic. Changes in protein structures due to variable SNPs were also analyzed. The results suggest that Mehraban sheep, a major breed that is important for the animal industry in Middle East countries, has high genetic variability, opening interesting prospects for future selection programs and preservation strategies.
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McEvers TJ, Dorin LC, Berg JL, Royan GF, Hutcheson JP, Appleyard GD, Brown MS, Lawrence TE. Effect of leptin genotype and zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation on the growth rate and carcass characteristics of finishing steers. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2012-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
McEvers, T. J., Dorin, L. C., Berg, J. L., Royan, G. F., Hutcheson, J. P., Appleyard, G. D., Brown M. S. and Lawrence, T. E. 2013. Effect of leptin genotype and zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation on the growth rate and carcass characteristics of finishing steers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 199–204. Steers (n=960; initial body weight=480.2±35.3 kg) were initially selected by leptin genotype (LG; CC=homozygous normal, CT=heterozygous, and TT=homozygous mutant) from a pool of 1500 candidates, and allocated into 48 pens of which one-half were fed zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) for 20 d with a 4-d withdrawal and the balance a control ration. No LG×ZH interaction (P≥0.21) occurred for any measured live production or carcass trait. Cattle of the TT genotype tended (P=0.08) to have lower average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) during the pre ZH treatment period. Cattle fed ZH had greater (P<0.01) ADG and G:F than cattle not fed ZH. Cattle of the TT genotype had greater (P<0.01) lipid depots concomitant with reduced (P≤0.02) lean tissue as compared to cattle of the CC genotype; furthermore, TT cattle tended (P=0.07) to have lighter carcass weights than other genotypes. Cattle fed ZH had increased (P<0.01) hot carcass weight and lean tissue concomitant with decreased (P≤0.01) lipid depots. Commercially available leptin genotyping may allow for antemortem sorting of cattle by genotype, which could augment management strategies ultimately leading to adjustments in feeding duration and timeliness of carcass marketing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. J. McEvers
- Beef Carcass Research Center, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USA
| | - L. C. Dorin
- Veterinary Agri-Health Services Ltd., Airdrie, Alberta, Canada T4A 2G1
| | - J. L. Berg
- Merck Animal Health, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada H9H 4M7
| | - G. F. Royan
- Merck Animal Health, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada H9H 4M7
| | | | - G. D. Appleyard
- Cattleland Feedyards Ltd., Strathmore, Alberta, Canada T1P 1K2
| | - M. S. Brown
- Feedlot Research Group, West Texas A&M University, Canyon TX 79016, USA
| | - T. E. Lawrence
- Beef Carcass Research Center, West Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX 79016, USA
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Association of polymorphisms at DGAT1, leptin, SCD1, CAPN1 and CAST genes with color, marbling and water holding capacity in meat from beef cattle populations in Sweden. Meat Sci 2013; 94:153-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kim H, Lee SK, Hong MW, Park SR, Lee YS, Kim JW, Lee HK, Jeong DK, Song YH, Lee SJ. Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the akirin 2 gene with economically important traits in Korean native cattle. Anim Genet 2013; 44:750-3. [PMID: 23718263 DOI: 10.1111/age.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The akirin 2 gene, located on chromosome 9 in cattle, was previously reported to be associated with nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), involved in immune reactions and marbling of meat. To determine whether a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in akirin 2 is associated with economically important traits of Korean native cattle, the c.*188G>A SNP DNA marker in the 3'-UTR region of akirin 2 was analyzed for its association with carcass weight, longissimus muscle area and marbling. The c.*188G>A SNP was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism, and the frequency of the AA, AG, and GG genotypes were 6.82%, 71.29% and 21.88% respectively. This SNP was significantly associated with longissimus muscle area (Bonferroni corrected P < 0.05), and marbling score (Bonferroni corrected P < 0.01). These results suggest that the c.*188G>A SNP of akirin 2 might be useful as a DNA marker for longissimus muscle area and marbling scores in Korean native cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kim
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea
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da Silva RCG, Ferraz JBS, Meirelles FV, Eler JP, Balieiro JCC, Cucco DC, Mattos EC, Rezende FM, Silva SL. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the bovine leptin and leptin receptor genes with growth and ultrasound carcass traits in Nellore cattle. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2012; 11:3721-8. [PMID: 22930433 DOI: 10.4238/2012.august.17.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Given the important role of leptin in metabolism, we looked for a possible association of leptin and leptin receptor polymorphisms with carcass and growth traits in Nellore cattle. We examined associations of leptin and leptin receptor SNPs with ultrasound carcass (longissimus dorsi muscle area (ribeye area), backfat thickness and rump fat thickness and growth traits (weaning weight adjusted to 210 days of age, yearling weight adjusted to 550 days of age, weight gain of weaning to yearling and scrotal circumference adjusted to 550 days of age) of 2162 Bos primigenius indicus (Nellore) animals. Allele and genotypic frequencies were calculated for each marker. Allele substitution, additive and dominance effects of the polymorphisms were also evaluated. Some alleles of the molecular markers had low frequencies, lower than 1%, in the sample analyzed, although the same polymorphisms described for B. p. taurus cattle were found. Due to very low allelic frequencies, the E2JW, A59V and UASMS2 markers were not included in the analysis, because they were almost fixed. E2FB was found to be significantly associated with weight gain, ribeye area and backfat thickness. The promoter region markers, C963T and UASMS1, were also found to be significantly associated with ribeye area. T945M was significantly associated with weight gain. We conclude that the leptin and receptor gene markers would be useful for marker-assisted selection.
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