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Gudowska A, Drobniak SM. Diet modulates behaviour in house sparrows: insights into possible hormone-mediated mechanisms. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Espinosa CD, Mathai JK, Blavi L, Liu Y, Htoo JK, Caroline Gonzalez-Vega J, Stein HH. Effects of supplemental d-methionine in comparison to l-methionine on nitrogen retention, gut morphology, antioxidant status, and mRNA abundance of amino acid transporters in weanling pigs. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6357663. [PMID: 34432053 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An N-balance experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that d-Methionine (d-Met) has the same bioavailability and efficacy as l-Methionine (l-Met) when fed to weanling pigs. A Met-deficient basal diet containing 0.24% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Met was formulated. Six additional diets were formulated by adding 0.036%, 0.072%, or 0.108% d-Met or l-Met to the basal diet, and these diets, therefore, contained 77%, 87%, or 97% of the requirement for SID Met. Fifty-six barrows (10.53 ± 1.17 kg) were housed in metabolism crates and allotted to the seven diets with eight replicate pigs per diet. Feces and urine were collected quantitatively with 7-d adaptation and 5-d collection periods. Blood and tissue samples from pigs fed the basal diet and pigs fed diets containing 0.108% supplemental Met were collected on the last day. Results indicated that N retention (%) linearly increased (P < 0.01) as supplemental d-Met or l-Met increased in diets. Based on N retention (%) as a response, the linear slope-ratio regression estimated the bioavailability of d-Met relative to l-Met to be 101% (95% confidence interval: 57%-146%). The villus height and crypt depth in the jejunum were not affected by the Met level or Met source. Total antioxidant capacity or thiobarbituric acid reactive substance concentrations in plasma or tissue samples from pigs fed the control diet or diets containing 0.108% supplemental d-Met or l-Met were not different. Abundance of mRNA for some AA transporters analyzed in intestinal mucosa of pigs also did not differ. Therefore, it is concluded that d-Met and l-Met are equally bioavailable for weanling pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John K Mathai
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801,USA
| | - Laia Blavi
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801,USA
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801,USA
| | - John K Htoo
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang,Germany
| | | | - Hans H Stein
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801,USA
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Wang MQ, Huyen LTT, Lee JW, Ramos SH, Htoo JK, Kinh LV, Lindemann MD. Bioavailability of the calcium salt of dl-methionine hydroxy analog compared with dl-methionine for nitrogen retention and the preference of nursery pigs for diets based on the 2 forms of methionine. J Anim Sci 2021; 98:5941776. [PMID: 33111146 PMCID: PMC7846082 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to determine the relative bioavailability (RBV) of the calcium salt of the hydroxy analog of dl-methionine (MHA-Ca, 84%) to dl-methionine (dl-Met, 99%) as Met sources fed to pigs. In experiment 1, 42 crossbred barrows (initial BW of 15.0 ± 0.7 kg) were allotted to 7 treatments in an N-balance study. The basal diet (BD) was formulated to contain 15.4% CP and 0.22% Met (70% of requirement). Diets included (1) BD, (2) BD + 0.025% dl-Met, (3) BD + 0.050% dl-Met, (4) BD + 0.075% dl-Met, (5) BD + 0.038% MHA-Ca, (6) BD + 0.077% MHA-Ca, and (7) BD + 0.115% MHA-Ca. An increase in dietary inclusion rates of both Met sources linearly increased (P < 0.01) N retained (g/d) and N retention (% of intake). Using linear slope-ratio regression, the RBV value of MHA-Ca to dl-Met for N retained (g/d) was 63.0% on a product-to-product basis (75.0% on an equimolar basis). In experiment 2, 40 crossbred barrows (initial BW of 15.5 ± 1.5 kg) were allotted to 5 treatments in another N-balance study. The BD was formulated to contain 17.0% CP and 0.22% Met (70% of requirement). Diets included (1) BD, (2) BD + 0.030% dl-Met, (3) BD + 0.060% dl-Met, (4) BD + 0.046% MHA-Ca, and (5) BD + 0.092% MHA-Ca. Increasing levels of dl-Met or MHA-Ca increased N retained (g/d) and N retention (% of intake) linearly (P < 0.001) and quadratically (P < 0.05). Using linear slope-ratio regression, a product-to-product RBV value of MHA-Ca to dl-Met was 68.4% (81.4% on an equimolar basis) for N retained (g/d). In experiment 3, 276 pigs (12 barrow and 11 gilt replicates; initial BW of 7.09 ± 1.1 kg) were used in 3 diet preference studies. Pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 treatment comparisons of feed choice: (1) BD (0.23% Met) or BD + 0.07% dl-Met; (2) BD or BD + 0.0825% MHA-Ca, and (3) BD + 0.07% dl-Met or BD + 0.0825% MHA-Ca. Pigs consumed a higher percentage (55 vs. 45%; P = 0.008) of their total feed intake from the diet supplemented with 0.07% dl-Met in Comparison 1, but a lower percentage (45 vs. 55%; P = 0.003) of their total feed intake from the diet supplemented with 0.0825% MHA-Ca in Comparison 2. There was no diet preference for dl-Met or MHA-Ca in Comparison 3. The observed Met source preference differences occurred in the barrow replicates but not in the gilt replicates. These results demonstrated the mean RBV of MHA-Ca to dl-Met of 65.7% on a product-to-product (wt/wt) basis or 78.2% on an equimolar basis and that a preference for Met sources was observed in barrows but not in gilts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqi Q Wang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - La T T Huyen
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences for Southern Vietnam (IASVN), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Jung W Lee
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Sheila H Ramos
- Evonik (SEA) Pte. Ltd., #07-18 Nordic European Centre, Singapore
| | - John K Htoo
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - La V Kinh
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences for Southern Vietnam (IASVN), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Merlin D Lindemann
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington
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Roura E, Fu M. Taste, nutrient sensing and feed intake in pigs (130 years of research: then, now and future). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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van der Meer Y, Gerrits WJJ, Jansman AJM, Kemp B, Bolhuis JE. A link between damaging behaviour in pigs, sanitary conditions, and dietary protein and amino acid supply. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174688. [PMID: 28481880 PMCID: PMC5421778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The tendency to reduce crude protein (CP) levels in pig diets to increase protein efficiency may increase the occurrence of damaging behaviours such as ear and tail biting, particularly for pigs kept under suboptimal health conditions. We studied, in a 2×2×2 factorial design, 576 tail-docked growing-finishing entire male pigs in 64 pens, subjected to low (LSC) vs. high sanitary conditions (HSC), and fed a normal CP (NP) vs. a low CP diet (LP, 80% of NP) ad libitum, with a basal amino acid (AA) profile or supplemented AA profile with extra threonine, tryptophan and methionine. The HSC pigs were vaccinated in the first nine weeks of life and received antibiotics at arrival at experimental farm at ten weeks, after which they were kept in a disinfected part of the farm with a strict hygiene protocol. The LSC pigs were kept on the same farm in non-disinfected pens to which manure from another pig farm was introduced fortnightly. At 15, 18, and 24 weeks of age, prevalence of tail and ear damage and of tail and ear wounds was scored. At 20 and 23 weeks of age, frequencies of biting behaviour and aggression were scored for 10×10 min per pen per week. The prevalence of ear damage during the finisher phase (47 vs. 32% of pigs, P < 0.0001) and the frequency of ear biting (1.3 vs. 1.2 times per hour, P = 0.03) were increased in LSC compared with HSC pigs. This effect on ear biting was diet dependent, however, the supplemented AA profile reduced ear biting only in LSC pigs by 18% (SC × AA profile, P < 0.01). The prevalence of tail wounds was lower for pigs in LSC (13 ± 0.02) than for pigs in HSC (0.22 ± 0.03) in the grower phase (P < 0.007). Regardless of AA profile or sanitary status, LP pigs showed more ear biting (+20%, P < 0.05), tail biting (+25%, P < 0.10), belly nosing (+152%, P < 0.01), other oral manipulation directed at pen mates (+13%, P < 0.05), and aggression (+30%, P < 0.01) than NP pigs, with no effect on ear or tail damage. In conclusion, both low sanitary conditions and a reduction of dietary protein increase the occurrence of damaging behaviours in pigs and therefore may negatively impact pig welfare. Attention should be paid to the impact of dietary nutrient composition on pig behaviour and welfare, particularly when pigs are kept under suboptimal (sanitary) conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne van der Meer
- Wageningen University, Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- De Heus Animal Nutrition, Ede, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Walter J. J. Gerrits
- Wageningen University, Department of Animal Sciences, Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bas Kemp
- Wageningen University, Department of Animal Sciences, Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Elizabeth Bolhuis
- Wageningen University, Department of Animal Sciences, Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Ma W, Zhu J, Zeng X, Liu X, Thacker P, Qiao S. Estimation of the optimum standardized ileal digestible total sulfur amino acid to lysine ratio in late finishing gilts fed low protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids. Anim Sci J 2015; 87:76-83. [PMID: 26122403 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A total of 90 gilts were used to investigate the effects of various standard ileal digestible (SID) total sulfur amino acid (TSAA) to lysine (Lys) ratios on the performance and carcass characteristics of late finishing gilts receiving low crude protein (CP) diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids (CAA). Graded levels of crystalline methionine (Met) (0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8 or 1.1 g/kg) were added to the basal diet to produce diets providing SID TSAA to Lys ratios of 0.48, 0.53, 0.58, 0.63 or 0.68. At the termination of the experiment, 30 gilts (one pig per pen) with an average body weight (BW) of 120 kg were killed to evaluate carcass traits. Increasing the SID TSAA to Lys ratio increased average daily gain (ADG) (linear and quadratic effect, P < 0.05), improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) (linear and quadratic effect, P < 0.05) and decreased serum urea nitrogen (SUN) concentration (linear and quadratic effect, P < 0.05) of finishing gilts. No effects were obtained for carcass traits. The optimum SID TSAA to Lys ratios to maximize ADG as well as to minimize FCR and SUN levels were 0.57, 0.58 and 0.53 using a linear-break point model and 0.64, 0.62 and 0.61 using a quadratic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, NO. 263 Kaiyuan Road, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Jinlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xutong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Philip Thacker
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Guzmán-Pino SA, Solà-Oriol D, Figueroa J, Pérez JF. Influence of the protein status of piglets on their ability to select and prefer protein sources. Physiol Behav 2014; 129:43-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Guzmán-Pino SA, Solà-Oriol D, Figueroa J, Borda E, Pérez JF. Dietary energy density affects the preference for protein or carbohydrate solutions and piglet performance after weaning. J Anim Sci 2012; 90 Suppl 4:71-3. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.49994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Guzmán-Pino
- Grup de Nutrició, Maneig i Benestar Animal, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - D. Solà-Oriol
- Grup de Nutrició, Maneig i Benestar Animal, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - J. Figueroa
- Grup de Nutrició, Maneig i Benestar Animal, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - E. Borda
- Bioibérica, Palafolls 08389, Spain
| | - J. F. Pérez
- Grup de Nutrició, Maneig i Benestar Animal, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
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The brain's response to an essential amino acid-deficient diet and the circuitous route to a better meal. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 46:332-48. [PMID: 22674217 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The essential (indispensable) amino acids (IAA) are neither synthesized nor stored in metazoans, yet they are the building blocks of protein. Survival depends on availability of these protein precursors, which must be obtained in the diet; it follows that food selection is critical for IAA homeostasis. If even one of the IAA is depleted, its tRNA becomes quickly deacylated and the levels of charged tRNA fall, leading to disruption of global protein synthesis. As they have priority in the diet, second only to energy, the missing IAA must be restored promptly or protein catabolism ensues. Animals detect and reject an IAA-deficient meal in 20 min, but how? Here, we review the molecular basis for sensing IAA depletion and repletion in the brain's IAA chemosensor, the anterior piriform cortex (APC). As animals stop eating an IAA-deficient meal, they display foraging and altered choice behaviors, to improve their chances of encountering a better food. Within 2 h, sensory cues are associated with IAA depletion or repletion, leading to learned aversions and preferences that support better food selection. We show neural projections from the APC to appetitive and consummatory motor control centers, and to hedonic, motivational brain areas that reinforce these adaptive behaviors.
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Meers SA, Pringle TD, Jones RD, Azain MJ. Effect of body composition on diet selection in finishing pigs1. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:1733-40. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S A Meers
- Animal and Dairy Science Department, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA
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Ettle T, Rademacher M, Htoo J, Roth F. Dietary preference for methionine sources in weaned pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Does the newly weaned piglet select a zinc oxide supplemented feed, when given the choice? Animal 2010; 4:1359-67. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731110000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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