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Bonneau M, Poullet N, Beramice D, Dantec L, Canario L, Gourdine JL. Behavior Comparison During Chronic Heat Stress in Large White and Creole Pigs Using Image-Analysis. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.784376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavior is a good indicator of animal welfare, especially in challenging environments. However, few studies have investigated how pig behavior changes during heat stress. The current study is a proof-of-concept using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models to monitor pig behavior in order to investigate the differences in behavioral response to heat stress of two contrasted breeds: Large White (LW), selected for high performance, and Creole (CR), adapted to tropical conditions. A total of 6 slaughter pigs (3 CR and 3 LW; 22 weeks of age) were monitored from 8:30 to 17:30 during 54 days. Two CNN architectures were used to detect the animal (Yolo v2) and to estimate animal's posture (GoogleNet). Pig postures estimated by the neural network showed that pigs spent more time lying on their side when temperature increased. When comparing the two breeds, as temperature increases, CR pigs spent more time lying on their side than LW pigs, suggesting that they use this posture to increase thermoregulation and dissipate heat more efficiently. This study demonstrates that neural network models are an efficient tool to monitor animal behavior in an automated way, which could be particularly relevant to characterize breed adaptation to challenging environments.
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Feed flavour supplementation improves kinetics of intake and feeding behaviour pattern of lactating sows in a tropical climate. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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3
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Multi-breed investigation of pig social rank and biological rhythm based on feeding behaviors at electronic feeding stations. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Influence of flavored drinking water on voluntary intake and performance of nursing and post-weaned piglets. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Moreira RHR, Oliveira RF, Palencia JYP, Fonseca LS, Garbossa CAP, Abreu MÁLT, Ferreira RA. Season effects on the suckling behavior of piglets. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20190155. [PMID: 33053106 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020190155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The suckling behavior of piglets was evaluated in summer and winter, using 21 sows of the same genetic line. Data were collected in July (winter) and in January (summer). The experimental design was a randomized complete block (age of piglets) in a 2x2 factorial scheme, with season of the year (winter and summer) and shift (day, from 06 h to 1h:59min and night from 18h to 05h:59min) as factors. The behavioral variables analyzed were number, interval, and frequency of suckling. The behaviors were monitored on day 7 and 15 of lactation, for 24 hours. In winter, the farrowing room had a mean temperature of 20.32 ±2.17°C and a relative humidity (RH) of 58.63 ±2.99%. In the summer, the mean temperature was 26.65 ±4.02°C, with an RH of 62.22 ±12.06%. During winter, the piglets presented longer sucklings during the night, dedicating 1.84 minutes more to suckling compared to the daytime. Nighttime sucklings were 3.13 minutes longer in winter than in summer. However, in summer, piglets suckled more often during the night, with greater interval between feeds during the day. Based on our results, the season influences the suckling behavior of piglets, with shorter feedings and greater frequencies in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rennan H R Moreira
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Departamento de Zootecnia, Av. Francisco Mota, 572, 59625-900 Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Zootecnia, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Y P Palencia
- South Dakota State University, Department of Animal Science, Medary Avenue, 1175, 57006, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Leonardo S Fonseca
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua da Glória, 187, 39100-000 Diamantina, MG, Brazil
| | - Cesar Augusto P Garbossa
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutrição e Produção Animal, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - MÁrvio L T Abreu
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Zootecnia, Caixa Postal 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Rony A Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Departamento de Zootecnia, Caixa Postal 3037, 37200-000 Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Morello GM, Hultgren J, Capas-Peneda S, Wiltshire M, Thomas A, Wardle-Jones H, Brajon S, Gilbert C, Olsson IAS. High laboratory mouse pre-weaning mortality associated with litter overlap, advanced dam age, small and large litters. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236290. [PMID: 32785214 PMCID: PMC7423063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High and variable pre-weaning mortality is a persistent problem in laboratory mouse breeding. Assuming a modest 15% mortality rate across mouse strains, means that approximately 1 million more pups are produced yearly in the EU to compensate for those which die. This paper presents the first large study under practical husbandry conditions to determine the risk factors associated with mouse pre-weaning mortality. We analysed historical records from 219,975 pups from two breeding facilities, collected as part of their management routine and including information on number of pups born and weaned per litter, parents’ age and identification, and dates of birth and death of all animals. Pups were counted once in their first week of life and at weaning, and once every one or two weeks, depending on the need for cage cleaning. Dead pups were recorded as soon as these were found during the daily cage screening (without opening the cage). It was hypothesized that litter overlap (i.e. the presence of older siblings in the cage when new pups are born), a recurrent social configuration in trio-housed mice, is associated with increased newborn mortality, along with advanced dam age, large litter size, and a high number and age of older siblings in the cage. The estimated probability of pup death was two to seven percentage points higher in cages with litter overlap compared to those without. Litter overlap was associated with an increase in death of the entire litter of five and six percentage points, which represent an increase of 19% and 103% compared to non-overlapped litters in the two breeding facilities, respectively. Increased number and age of older siblings, advanced dam age, small litter size (less than four pups born) and large litter size (over 11 pups born) were associated with increased probability of pup death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M. Morello
- Laboratory Animal Science, IBMC-Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S –Institute for Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Jan Hultgren
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skara, Sweden
| | - Sara Capas-Peneda
- Laboratory Animal Science, IBMC-Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S –Institute for Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Aurelie Thomas
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sophie Brajon
- Laboratory Animal Science, IBMC-Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S –Institute for Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Colin Gilbert
- Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - I. Anna S. Olsson
- Laboratory Animal Science, IBMC-Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S –Institute for Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Vilas Boas Ribeiro BP, Lanferdini E, Palencia JYP, Lemes MAG, Teixeira de Abreu ML, de Souza Cantarelli V, Ferreira RA. Heat negatively affects lactating swine: A meta-analysis. J Therm Biol 2018; 74:325-330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Xin W, Li X, Zhang F, Yan G, Ding N, Huang L, Zhang Z. A multi-population survey on swine feeding behavior with electronic
feeding devices. Arch Anim Breed 2016. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-59-445-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. In this study, we used electronic feeding station observations of pigs to investigate their growth performance and feeding behavior. These pigs were raised in Xinda Livestock Company Ltd. in Henan, China, and followed the Chinese directive for the protection of farm animals. Electronic feeding stations are often used in pig breeding and for identifying loci associated with feed consumption. Moreover, they can also provide much valuable information on pig behavior that could be directly used to improve production efficiency. This study involves three different pig population feeding-intake data from 383 Yorkshire, 243 Landrace and 197 Duroc breeds to investigate their growth performance and feeding behavior. Similar patterns of growth performance (slow–fast–slow) were observed in the three breeds, while the Duroc have a slightly faster average growth rate throughout the whole test period. Study of the number of visits to the feeding station over 24 h detected two peaks of feeding intake activity at 08:00–09:00 and 14:00–15:00. During these two peak feeding times, lower feed intake and less occupation time were observed, implicating fiercer competition at these time periods. The effective intake time for Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire populations was 19, 16 and 19 min, respectively, suggesting that the ultimate feed intake time for each individual can be set up to 20 min for each visit. Studies on the ADFI (average daily feed intake) showed a significant difference (P value = 0.000009) between seasons and consistent patterns for these three breeds. The present study provides a detailed survey on pig feed intake behaviors across different populations and feeding seasons.
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Bergsma R, Hermesch S. Exploring breeding opportunities for reduced thermal sensitivity of feed intake in the lactating sow1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:85-98. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Bergsma
- Institute for Pig Genetics (IPG), PO Box 43, 6640 AA Beuningen, the Netherlands
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S. Hermesch
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit (AGBU), University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
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Effect of heat challenge on peripheral blood mononuclear cell viability: comparison of a tropical and temperate pig breed. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 43:1535-41. [PMID: 21491131 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-011-9838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of heat challenge on cell viability, concanavalin A-induced proliferation and heat shock protein (HSPs) mRNA expression in peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMC) isolated from Creole (CR) and Large White (LW) pigs. The PBMCs were cultured for 9 h at 37 °C before being subjected to heat challenge: (1) at 42 °C or 45 °C for 2, 4, 6 and 9 h to monitor cell viability;(2) at 45 °C for 2 and 9 h followed by stimulation for 24 h at 37 °C with concanavalin A to evaluate mitogen-induced proliferation; and (3) at 45 °C for 3, 6 and 9 h to measure induction of HSP70.2 and HSP90 mRNA. Cell viability was affected by breed and temperature (P < 0.01), and the viability decrease caused by heat challenge was greater for LW than CR pigs. For mitogen-stimulated PBMCs, incubation at 45 °C reduced lymphoblastogenesis equally in both breeds (P < 0.01). Although heat challenge for 3 and 6 h at 45°C induced expression of HSP70.2 and HSP90 mRNA, no breed difference was observed. In conclusion, differences in heat resistance between these two breeds at the whole organism level are reflected at the cellular level. Neither HSP70.2 nor HSP90 mRNA expression levels explain this effect.
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Silva BAN, Noblet J, Oliveira RFM, Donzele JL, Primot Y, Renaudeau D. Effects of dietary protein concentration and amino acid supplementation on the feeding behavior of multiparous lactating sows in a tropical humid climate1. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:2104-12. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Silva B, Oliveira R, Donzele J, Fernandes H, Lima A, Renaudeau D, Noblet J. Effect of floor cooling and dietary amino acids content on performance and behaviour of lactating primiparous sows during summer. Livest Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2008.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gourdine JL, Bidanel JP, Noblet J, Renaudeau D. Effects of breed and season on performance of lactating sows in a tropical humid climate1. J Anim Sci 2006; 84:360-9. [PMID: 16424264 DOI: 10.2527/2006.842360x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 179 lactations obtained on 71 multiparous sows [30 Creole (CR) and 41 Large White (LW)] between June 2001 and July 2004 were used to determine effects of breed (CR vs. LW) and season (hot vs. warm) in a tropical humid climate on performance during a 28-d lactation period. Mean daily ambient temperature was greater during the hot season than during the warm season (26.0 vs. 23.8 degrees C), and relative humidity was similar in both seasons (85% on average). For both breeds, ADFI was reduced (-700 g/d, P < 0.01), sow BW loss was greater (17 vs. 12 kg, P < 0.01), and piglet growth was reduced (197 vs. 210 g/d, P < 0.05) during the hot vs. the warm season. At farrowing, LW sows were heavier (255 vs. 186 kg, P < 0.01) and had less backfat (21 vs. 40 mm, P < 0.01) than CR sows. The growth rate of CR piglets was lower than that of LW piglets (192 vs. 215 g/d, P < 0.01). A breed x season interaction was observed (P < 0.05) for ADFI and sow BW loss. During the hot season, the reduction of ADFI was more pronounced in LW than in CR sows (-910 vs. -470 g/d). Regardless of the season, BW loss of CR sows remained constant (14.2 kg), whereas it increased during the hot season for LW sows (10 kg). The weaning-to-estrus and the weaning-to-conception intervals were not affected by breed or season and averaged 4.8 and 6.1 d, respectively. The rectal temperature was greater (0.3 degrees C) during the hot season than during the warm season and greater in LW than in CR sows (39.1 vs. 38.8 degrees C, P < 0.10). This study confirms the negative effect of hot season in a tropical humid climate on performance of lactating sows and that breed can have a significant effect on lactation performance. The results also suggest that CR sows are more heat tolerant than LW sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Gourdine
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Station de Recherches Zootechniques, 97170 Petit Bourg, Guadeloupe, F.W.I, France
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