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Application of High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) to Improve Cryopreservation of Young Bull Semen. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on quality of cryopreserved semen of young bulls. Semen for this study was collected from 8 bulls aged between 13 and 18 months at monthly intervals, from June to September. After collection, semen was diluted in a commercial Bioxcell® extender (one part at 1:1 and a second part to give a sperm concentration of 20 million/0.2 mL), filled into straws and treated with HHP at 30 MPa for 90 min. After HHP treatment, pre-diluted semen (1:1) was diluted to a sperm concentration 20 million/0.2 mL and filled into straws. In addition, part of the semen diluted to a concentration of 20 million/0.2 mL was not treated with HHP (control). All of it was held at +4°C and frozen in a freezer after 2.5-h equilibration. Semen was thawed in a water bath at 38°C and subjected to estimation of the percentage of motile sperm both subjectively and using a computer-assisted semen analyzer and cytometric assessment of sperm cell membrane integrity. Subjective motility and fast progressive motility were significantly higher with pre-diluted (1:1) and HHP treated semen compared to control (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in percentage of membraneintact spermatozoa between control and experimental groups. Additionally, the influence of HHP on the sperm of individual bulls was assessed. In bull number 2, the HHP treatment after semen pre-dilution significantly improved progressive motility from 54.1 to 63.4 percent (P<0.05). In bull number 4, the HHP treatment after semen pre-dilution significantly improved subjective motility, rapid motility and progressive motility by 12.5, 16.8 and 16.3 percent, respectively (P<0.05). No effect was seen for 6 bulls. It is concluded that for some bulls, the application of HHP before semen freezing may improve the cryopreservation outcome. However, this requires further research in this area, also to determine the fertilizing capacity of bull semen exposed to high hydrostatic pressure.
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Küçük N, Uçan U, Raza S, Erdoğan G, Aksoy M. Comparative efficiency of novel laparoscopic and routine vaginal inseminations with cryopreserved semen in rabbits. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1059-1065. [PMID: 33966306 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Laparoscopic artificial insemination technique (LAI) is described to overcome reduced fertility problems in sheep artificial insemination (AI) programmes with frozen semen. Later on, this technology was modified for endangered non-domestic cats to deposit low quality or reduced number of sperm cells hardly obtained by electro-ejaculation into the oviduct. This technique by passes the complex structure of cervix and efficiently transfers the sperm cells to the point of fertilization. In recent years, rabbits are becoming popular transgenic animal models producing various therapeutic and commercial products, as well as being experimental animals for disease models. The worldwide transportation of frozen semen and re-establishment of transgenic lines using AI technology has become a common practice. Therefore, this study was designed to describe a laparoscopic intrauterine insemination technique, which might assist in conceiving the animals with limited number of sperm cells. The female rabbits were laparoscopically (n = 22) or vaginally (n = 13) inseminated with frozen-thawed semen samples containing approximately 10 × 106 motile sperm. The laparoscopic insemination technique provided higher pregnancy rate (45.5%) than vaginal insemination technique (7.7%) (p < .05). In conclusion, the described laparoscopic AI might be a new alternative technique, thus enabling limited or low-quality frozen sperm samples to establish pregnancy in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyazi Küçük
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, University of Aydın Adnan Menderes, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Uğur Uçan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, University of Aydın Adnan Menderes, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Sanan Raza
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, University of Aydın Adnan Menderes, Aydın, Turkey.,Department of Animal Reproduction, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Güneş Erdoğan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Aydın Adnan Menderes, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Melih Aksoy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, University of Aydın Adnan Menderes, Aydın, Turkey
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Gómez M, Rossi D, Cimmino R, Zullo G, Gombia Y, Altieri D, Di Palo R, Biffani S. Accounting for Genetic Differences Among Unknown Parents in Bubalus bubalis: A Case Study From the Italian Mediterranean Buffalo. Front Genet 2021; 12:625335. [PMID: 33633785 PMCID: PMC7901897 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.625335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of genetic evaluations in the Water Buffalo by means of a Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) animal model has been increased over the last two-decades across several countries. However, natural mating is still a common reproductive strategy that can increase the proportion of missing pedigree information. The inclusion of genetic groups in variance component (VC) and breeding value (EBV) estimation is a possible solution. The aim of this study was to evaluate two different genetic grouping strategies and their effects on VC and EBV for composite (n = 5) and linear (n = 10) type traits in the Italian Mediterranean Buffalo (IMB) population. Type traits data from 7,714 buffalo cows plus a pedigree file including 18,831 individuals were provided by the Italian National Association of Buffalo Breeders. VCs and EBVs were estimated for each trait fitting a single-trait animal model and using the official DNA-verified pedigree. Successively, EBVs were re-estimated using modified pedigrees with two different proportion of missing genealogies (30 or 60% of buffalo with records), and two different grouping strategies, year of birth (Y30/Y60) or genetic clustering (GC30, GC60). The different set of VCs, estimated EBVs and their standard errors were compared with the results obtained using the original pedigree. Results were also compared in terms of efficiency of selection. Differences among VCs varied according to the trait and the scenario considered. The largest effect was observed for two traits, udder teat and body depth in the GC60 genetic cluster, whose heritability decreased by -0.07 and increased by +0.04, respectively. Considering buffalo cows with record, the average correlation across traits between official EBVs and EBVs from different scenarios was 0.91, 0.88, 0.84, and 0.79 for Y30, CG30, Y60, and CG60, respectively. In bulls the correlations between EBVs ranged from 0.90 for fore udder attachment and udder depth to 0.96 for stature and body length in the GC30 scenario and from 0.75 for udder depth to 0.90 for stature in the GC60 scenario. When a variable proportion of missing pedigree is present using the appropriate strategy to define genetic groups and including them in VC and EBV is a worth-while and low-demanding solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Gómez
- Italian National Association of Buffalo Breeders, Caserta, Italy
| | - Dario Rossi
- Italian National Association of Buffalo Breeders, Caserta, Italy
| | - Roberta Cimmino
- Italian National Association of Buffalo Breeders, Caserta, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zullo
- Italian National Association of Buffalo Breeders, Caserta, Italy
| | - Yuri Gombia
- Italian National Association of Buffalo Breeders, Caserta, Italy
| | - Damiano Altieri
- Italian National Association of Buffalo Breeders, Caserta, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Biffani
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
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Gororo E, Makuza SM, Chidzwondo F, Chatiza FP. Variation in sperm cryosurvival is not modified by replacing the cryoprotectant glycerol with ethylene glycol in bulls. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:1210-1218. [PMID: 32628298 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Breed and sire differences in sperm cryosurvival have been noted, with negative implications for sperm cryobanking and assisted reproduction programmes. This study hypothesized that these differences could be modified by using lower molecular weight cryoprotectants. Therefore, the effect of replacing glycerol (GLY) with ethylene glycol (EG) on differential cryosurvival of semen from two Sanga cattle breeds (Mashona vs. Tuli) was determined. Three to five ejaculates were collected from each of ten bulls (3-8 years) by electro-ejaculation, diluted in three Tris-egg yolk extenders (Triladyl® , 7% GLY-based and 7% EG-based) and evaluated for sperm motility, viability and morphology at three time periods (fresh - 0 hr, pre-freeze - 4 hr and post-thaw). Tuli bulls produced larger (11.8 ± 0.31 ml vs. 8.5 ± 0.38 ml) and more concentrated ejaculates of lower fresh semen quality. Breeds differed across time for motility and morphology, but not viability. Mashona bull semen had significantly higher motility and normal morphology values at each sampling time. Bulls classified as poor freezers had lower concentration (0.70 ± 0.09 × 109 sperm/ml vs. 1.37 ± 0.10 × 109 sperm/ml), sperm motility index (SMI, 35.0 ± 3.4 % vs. 67.8 ± 2.1 %) and viability (69.7 ± 1.1 % vs. 75.7 ± 1.0 %) compared to good freezers. Maintenance of semen quality by GLY and EG did not differ between breeds, poor and good freezers, or age groups. The interaction breed by extender across time did not reach statistical significance for all variables. The study revealed that bull and breed variation in sperm quality and cryosurvival is not modified by replacing GLY with EG, suggesting that cryostress tolerance of sperm may be under control of mechanisms other than differential response to GLY cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddington Gororo
- Germplasm and Reproductive Technology Laboratory, Department of Animal Production & Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Stanley Marshal Makuza
- School of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Fungayi Primrose Chatiza
- Germplasm and Reproductive Technology Laboratory, Department of Animal Production & Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
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da Fonseca Junior AM, Gaita V, Argumedo DR, de Castro LS, Losano JDDA, Ferreira Leite R, Nichi M, Assumpção MEOD, de Araújo DR, Neves AAR, Milazzotto MP. Changes in fertilization medium viscosity using hyaluronic acid impact bull sperm motility and acrosome status. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:974-983. [PMID: 32506705 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The female reproductive tract, in particular the composition of the uterine and oviduct fluids, is responsible, at least in part, for triggering sperm cell modifications, essential for the acquisition of fertilization ability. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan present in these fluids, and its role in the fertilization process and sperm functionality is still barely understood. This work was designed to (a) determine the rheological characteristics of the fertilization medium by the addition of HA and (b) determine the HA influence on sperm motility and functional status. To that end, the in vitro fertilization medium was supplemented with 4 doses of HA (6, 60, 600 and 6,000 µg/ml) and analysed for viscosity and adhesion strength characteristics. Then, thawed semen from 6 bulls were incubated in these media and assessed at 4 different moments for morphological and functional parameters (plasma and acrosomal membrane integrities, mitochondrial membrane potential, capacitation, acrosomal reaction, and motility). The rheological evaluation showed that the addition of HA was able to increase both the viscosity and the adhesion strength of the fertilization medium, especially in the 6,000 µg/ml group in which the effect was more pronounced. No influence of HA could be observed on mitochondrial potential, and acrosomal and plasma membrane integrities. However, HA supplementation, at lower doses, led to an increase in the number of reacted sperm, as well as changes in motility parameters, with increase in the number of motile, rapid and progressive spermatozoa. In conclusion, the addition of HA alters the rheological properties of the fertilization medium and leads to the improvement of the properties related to sperm motility and capacitation, without compromising other functional aspects of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo Gaita
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Roberta Ferreira Leite
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcilio Nichi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zigo M, Maňásková-Postlerová P, Zuidema D, Kerns K, Jonáková V, Tůmová L, Bubeníčková F, Sutovsky P. Porcine model for the study of sperm capacitation, fertilization and male fertility. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 380:237-262. [PMID: 32140927 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian fertilization remains a poorly understood event with the vast majority of studies done in the mouse model. The purpose of this review is to revise the current knowledge about semen deposition, sperm transport, sperm capacitation, gamete interactions and early embryonic development with a focus on the porcine model as a relevant, alternative model organism to humans. The review provides a thorough overview of post-ejaculation events inside the sow's reproductive tract including comparisons with humans and implications for human fertilization and assisted reproductive therapy (ART). Porcine methodology for sperm handling, preservation, in vitro capacitation, oocyte in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization and intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection that are routinely used in pig research laboratories can be successfully translated into ART to treat human infertility. Last, but not least, new knowledge about mitochondrial inheritance in the pig can provide an insight into human mitochondrial diseases and new knowledge on polyspermy defense mechanisms could contribute to the development of new male contraceptives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Zigo
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Pavla Maňásková-Postlerová
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, 16521, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dalen Zuidema
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Karl Kerns
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Věra Jonáková
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25250, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Tůmová
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, 16521, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filipa Bubeníčková
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, 16521, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Sutovsky
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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Ramírez-Vasquez R, Cesari A, Greco MB, Cano A, Hozbor F. Extenders modify the seminal plasma ability to minimize freeze-thaw damage on ram sperm. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:1621-1629. [PMID: 31573694 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Seminal plasma (SP) proteins interact with sperm plasma membrane (PM) modulating its functionality. It has been shown that SP proteins can reverse the damage caused by freeze-thaw; however in these studies, SP has been added to washed sperm (i.e., cells depleted from homologous SP and extender). The aim of the current study was to assess whether the egg yolk-based extender (EY) modifies SP ability to ameliorate sperm parameters in frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa. Ejaculates were diluted in EY or soybean lecithin-based extender (SL) and evaluated before and after freezing to measure the cell damage according to the extender. Even when all classical parameters decreased after freezing, as expected (p < .05), there was no effect of the extender. SP treatment was applied after freeze-thaw. Sperm were incubated with SP (20% v/v) in the presence of either EY or SL, and sperm parameters were assessed after thawing compared with the same treatments after Percoll sperm selection (washed). Treatments with 20% SP improved sperm total and progressive motility compared with controls regardless of washing and extender (p < .05); however, washed sperm showed higher percentage of total sperm motility compared with those unwashed (p < .05). Moreover, treatment with 20% SP showed significantly higher percentages of PM integrity, sperm with intact acrosomes, integrity of chromatin and non-capacitated sperm in samples diluted with EY when washed before treatment compared with the other conditions (p < .05). It was concluded that the presence of the extenders and particularly egg yolk alters the SP capacity to reduce the cryodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ramírez-Vasquez
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), Balcarce, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas yTécnicas (CONICET), CCT-Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Andreina Cesari
- Biología de Microorganismos y Gametas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas-CONICET, UNMdP, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Micaela B Greco
- Biología de Microorganismos y Gametas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas-CONICET, UNMdP, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Adriana Cano
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Federico Hozbor
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), Balcarce, Argentina
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Ugur MR, Kutchy NA, de Menezes EB, Ul-Husna A, Haynes BP, Uzun A, Kaya A, Topper E, Moura A, Memili E. Retained Acetylated Histone Four in Bull Sperm Associated With Fertility. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:223. [PMID: 31417913 PMCID: PMC6685445 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bull fertility, ability of the sperm to fertilize and activate the egg and support embryo development, is vital for cattle reproduction and production. Even though majority of histones are replaced by protamines, some histones are retained in sperm. It is known that chromatin remodeling during spermatogenesis results in dynamic changes in sperm chromatin structure through post-translational modifications (PTM) of sperm histones, which are important for regulation of gene expression. However, amounts of sperm Histone 4 (H4), its acetylated form (H4 acetyl), and to what extent these molecular attributes influence sperm chromatin structure and bull fertility are unknown. These gaps in the knowledge base are important because they are preventing advances in the fundamental science of bovine male gamete and improvement of bull fertility. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that expression dynamics as well as PTM of sperm H4 are associated with bull fertility. Flow cytometry was utilized to quantify H4 and H4 acetylated form in sperm from seven high and seven low fertility Holstein bulls. The results indicated that the average number of cells with H4 or H4 acetyl expression in high and low fertility bull sperm were 34.6 ± 20.4, 1.88 ± 1.8, 15.2 ± 20.8, and 1.4 ± 1.2, respectively. However, the sperm enriched in both H4 and H4 acetyl were different between high and low fertility groups (3.5 ± 0.6; 1.8 ± 0.8; P = 0.043). The localization and detection of H4 and H4 acetylation were measured by immunocytochemistry which revealed that H4 and H4 acetylation were equally distributed in the sperm head of high and low fertility sires. Western blotting results confirmed the presence of the H4 and its acetylated form in the sperm. Bioinformatics studies demonstrated that H4 is highly conserved among mammalians, and have significant gene ontology on spermatogenesis, early embryo implantation, and sperm capacitation. The results are significant because it demonstrates the replacement of canonical histone H4 into modified H4 acetylation in sperm and regulate its dynamics which is crucial for bull fertility and reproductive biotechnology. These findings advance fundamental science of mammalian early development and reproductive biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Rasit Ugur
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Naseer Ahmad Kutchy
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Erika Bezerra de Menezes
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Asma Ul-Husna
- Department of Zoology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Bethany Peyton Haynes
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Alper Uzun
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI, United States.,Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Abdullah Kaya
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Arlindo Moura
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Erdogan Memili
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
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Grötter LG, Cattaneo L, Marini PE, Kjelland ME, Ferré LB. Recent advances in bovine sperm cryopreservation techniques with a focus on sperm post-thaw quality optimization. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:655-665. [PMID: 30681204 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sperm cryopreservation facilitates the storage and transport of germplasm for its use in artificial insemination (AI) and other advanced reproductive technologies. The cryopreservation process can damage sperm and compromise functionality. Several cryobiological studies have found that the physical and biological factors that affect sperm survival at low temperatures during the cryopreservation process often involve the integrity of sperm membrane. In this review, the behaviour of the sperm membrane against cooling, cold shock, ice crystal formation, oxidative stress, osmotic changes, reorganization of the lipid bilayer and addition of cryoprotective agents (CPA) is discussed. In addition, the phenomenon of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its relationship with the cryopreservation process is also described. Semen cryopreservation techniques have progressed slowly in past years, and the current performance, measured as post-thawed survival, is not very different compared to past decades. Recent advances in understanding the structure of the cell membrane, its function and metabolism have driven to new conservation systems, including lyophilization and vitrification. However, none of these technologies is commercially available, although its future appears very promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Guadalupe Grötter
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNL, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luciano Cattaneo
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNL, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Patricia Estela Marini
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET) y Área Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Michael E Kjelland
- Conservation, Genetics & Biotech, LLC, Vicksburg, Mississippi.,Mayville State University, Mayville, North Dakota
| | - Luis B Ferré
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Tres Arroyos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Determining ACTB, ATP5B and RPL32 as optimal reference genes for quantitative RT-PCR studies of cryopreserved stallion semen. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 149:204-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Flowers WL. Animal Frontiers fertility issue: Sex education that everyone needs to understand. Anim Front 2013. [DOI: 10.2527/af.2013-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William L. Flowers
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7621, USA
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