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Cattaneo L, Prieto C, Ojeda D, Pereira A, Frutos J, Bó GA. The use of a recombinant equine chorionic gonadotropin (reCG) in fixed-time AI programs in beef cattle. Theriogenology 2024; 227:77-83. [PMID: 39029411 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of a novel recombinant eCG (reCG) on pregnancy rates to AI (P/AI) in suckled beef cows of different breeds that were synchronized with an estradiol/progesterone (P4)-based protocol for fixed-time AI (TAI). In experiment 1, 1244 Bos taurus suckled cows were used. On Day 0 all cows received an intravaginal P4 device (600 mg P4) and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate. On Day 7, devices were removed, and all cows received 0.150 mg of D-cloprostenol plus 1 mg of estradiol cypionate and were randomly divided to receive 140 IU or 105 IU of reCG or no reCG treatment (controls) at that time. Cows were tail painted for estrus detection and those in estrus by 48 h after P4 device removal were inseminated; whereas those not showing estrus were also inseminated and received GnRH at the same time. In experiment 2, 818 Bos taurus x Bos indicus crossbred suckled cows received the same FTAI protocol used in Experiment 1. Cows were randomly divided at the time of P4 device removal into 4 groups to receive 140 IU, 105 IU or 84 IU of reCG or no reCG treatment. In experiment 3, 345 Bos indicus suckled cows were submitted to the same FTAI protocol as those in previous experiments and were randomly divided into three groups to receive 140 IU or 105 IU of reCG, or 300 IU of serum derived eCG (PMSG). In Experiment 1, estrus rate and P/AI was greater (P < 0.05) in cows treated with reCG (79.9 and 53.5 %, 76.9 and 52.3 % for the 105 UI and 140 UI reCG groups, respectively) than those in the control group (69.9 and 44.4 %, respectively). In Experiment 2, cows treated with reCG tended (P < 0.1) to achieve a greater P/AI than control cows (38.6 %, 37.1 %, 36.2 % and 28.2 % for those receiving 84 IU, 105 IU,140 IU of reCG, and those in the control group); but when P/AI of all cows treated with reCG was contrasted to that of control cows, the difference was significant (P < 0.01). In Experiment 3, P/AI in cows treated with 84 IU of reCG (54 %) did not differ from that of cows treated with serum derived eCG (59 %) but both were greater (P < 0.05) than cows treated with 105 UI of reCG (41 %). In conclusion, treatment with reCG improved fertility in suckled Bos taurus and Bos taurus x Bos indicus beef cows. In suckled Bos indicus cows, although treatment with reCG and serum derived eCG were comparable, the higher dosage of reCG was detrimental to their P/AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Cattaneo
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina; CEVA-ZOOVET S.A., Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Claudio Prieto
- CEVA-Biotecnofe S.A., Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Biotecnológico del Litoral, Laboratorio de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Ciudad Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Gabriel A Bó
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa del Rosario, Córdoba, Argentina.
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2
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Silva EP, Antoniazzi AQ, Borges JBS, Monteiro PLJ, Machado AB, Dias MM, Portela Junior VVM, Wiltbank MC. Early induction of luteolysis in a timed AI protocol increases reproductive performance in beef cows. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2024; 88:106853. [PMID: 38729096 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2024.106853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce a longer proestrus by early administration of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) in a timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol in non-suckling Bos taurus (Angus crossbreed) beef cows. On day 0, cows (n = 489) were treated with an intravaginal 1 g progesterone (P4) device and 2 mg of estradiol benzoate. On day 7, cows were randomized into two groups: PGF7(n = 244; 500 µg of sodium cloprostenol 24 h before P4 device removal) or PFG8 (n = 245; 500 µg of sodium cloprostenol at P4 device removal). On day 8, P4 device was removed and cows received 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate. All cows were submitted to TAI on day 10 (48-50 hours after P4 device removal). Cows treated with PGF on day 7 had greater expression of estrus (91.3 vs 79.1 %; P = 0.0011), regardless of CL presence at beginning of the protocol. Cows from PGF7 group had lower circulating P4 concentrations on day 8 in comparison with PGF8 treated cows (1.86 vs 2.99 ng/mL; P < 0.001). However, preovulatory follicle diameter did not differ among treatments at TAI (11.9 vs 11.8 mm; P = 0.7881). Pregnancy per TAI (P/TAI) was greater for PGF7 (63.9 vs 50.6 %; P = 0.0114) than PGF8 treated cows. In cows with follicles <8.5 mm at TAI, expression of estrus (33.3 vs 26.6 %; P = 0.6427) and P/TAI (40 vs 26.6 %; P = 0.3657) were low in both PGF7 and PGF8 treated cows, respectively. In cows with medium follicle size (8.5 to 11.9 mm) PGF7 treated cows had greater expression of estrus (90.5 vs 80 %; P = 0.033) and P/TAI (62.2 vs 49 %; P = 0.053). In cows with follicles >12 mm, expression of estrus was greater for PGF7 than PGF8 treated cows (99.1 vs 93.3 %; P = 0.045), however P/TAI did not differ (68.2 vs 59 %; P = 0.149). In cows with P4 < 1.99 ng/mL on day 8, expression of estrus was similar between PGF7 and PGF8 treated cows (92.6 vs 90.4 %; P = 0.53), and P/TAI tended to be greater for PGF7 than PGF8 treated cows (63 vs 52.1 % P = 0.076). However, in cows with P4 > 2 ng/mL PGF7 cows had higher expression of estrus (89 vs 67.5 %; P = 0.0005) and P/TAI (64.8 vs 48.7 %; P = 0.021) than PGF8. Thus, increasing the proestrous period by inducing luteolysis 24 hours earlier than removing the P4 intravaginal device enhanced fertility in non-suckling cyclic beef cows by increasing expression of estrus and P/TAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo P Silva
- Unidade de Reprodução de Bovinos, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Q Antoniazzi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - João B S Borges
- Unidade de Reprodução de Bovinos, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Pedro L J Monteiro
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608 United States
| | - Amanda B Machado
- Unidade de Reprodução de Bovinos, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Dias
- Unidade de Reprodução de Bovinos, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Valério V M Portela Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
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3
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Da Silva LG, Da Silva LG, Ferreira LCL, Mascarello J, Moraes JGN, Lucy MC, Nogueira É. Factors influencing pregnancy per artificial insemination (AI) and embryonic mortality in Nelore females subjected to timed-AI in Brazil. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 265:107475. [PMID: 38663149 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
A greater understanding of factors influencing fertility is essential to improve pregnancy rates and reduce the occurrence of embryonic mortality in beef herds. The objective of the current study was to evaluate retrospective data of pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) and pregnancy loss in Nelore females subjected to timed-AI (TAI) in Brazil. Data from 40,104 TAI collected from six breeding seasons (2016-2022) were analyzed, and the effects of animal category (e.g., classification based on age and parity), farm, month of parturition, sire, sire breed (Nelore vs Angus), estrus expression at TAI, animal temperament, and body condition scores (BCS) were evaluated. P/AI and pregnancy loss were affected (P < 0.001) by animal category. There was also an effect of farm (P = 0.0013) on P/AI and pregnancy loss (P = 0.001), as P/AI ranged from 49.28% and 55.58% and pregnancy loss from 3.37% to 6.89% across the herds evaluated. Month of parturition also affected (P < 0.001) P/AI and was higher for cows that became pregnant at the beginning of the previous breeding season. Calmer animals, presenting lower velocity scores while exiting the chute following TAI, achieved higher P/AI (P < 0.001). Lower BCS at TAI was associated (P < 0.001) with increased pregnancy loss, and BCS gain following AI was associated (P < 0.001) with reduced rates of embryonic mortality. There was a major effect (P < 0.001) of sire on P/AI and pregnancy loss, as P/AI ranged from 11% to 79%, and embryonic mortality from 0% to 40% for the bulls used in the study, highlighting the importance of the sire fertility on overall pregnancy success. Results from the current study reinforce the idea that animal age and parity at the beginning of the breeding season, BCS at the onset of estrous synchronization, BCS gain following AI, estrus expression at TAI, sire, and month of parturition are important factors influencing P/AI and rates of embryonic mortality in beef herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Gomes Da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Post Graduation Program of Veterinary Medicine- CIVET-UFMS, Campo Grandes, Brazil
| | - Luana Gomes Da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Post-Graduation Program of Animal Science, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Cia Pecuaria Assessoria, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Mascarello
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Post Graduation Program of Veterinary Medicine- CIVET-UFMS, Campo Grandes, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ériklis Nogueira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation- EMBRAPA Beef Cattle, Av. Rádio Maia, 830, Campo Grande - MS, 79106-550, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Post Graduation Program of Veterinary Medicine- CIVET-UFMS, Campo Grandes, Brazil.
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De Rensis F, Dall’Olio E, Gnemmi GM, Tummaruk P, Andrani M, Saleri R. Interval from Oestrus to Ovulation in Dairy Cows-A Key Factor for Insemination Time: A Review. Vet Sci 2024; 11:152. [PMID: 38668419 PMCID: PMC11054615 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This review describes the oestrus-to-ovulation interval, the possibility of predicting the time of ovulation, and the optimum time for insemination relative to oestrus in dairy cows. The duration of oestrus in dairy cows is approximately 8-20 h, with differences possibly related to the methods of oestrus detection and the frequency of observations. Most cows ovulate approximately 24-33 h after the onset of oestrus and 15-22 h after the end of oestrus. The interval from the preovulatory luteinising hormone (LH) surge to ovulation is approximately 4-30 h. Ovulation occurs when follicle diameter averages 18-20 mm. When it is possible to correctly determine the beginning of oestrus, artificial insemination can be performed utilizing the "a.m.-p.m. rule", and only one insemination may be applied. In cows with too long or too short oestrus-to-ovulation intervals, fertility can be compromised. One important factor that can alter the oestrus-to-ovulation interval is acute or chronic heat stress during the warm season. When there is a risk that insemination may occur too early or too late with respect to the time of ovulation, GnRH administration can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio De Rensis
- Department of Veterinary—Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.D.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Eleonora Dall’Olio
- Department of Veterinary—Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.D.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Giovanni Maria Gnemmi
- Bovinevet Internacional SL. Bovine Reproduction Ultrasonography & Herd Management Huesca (ES), 22006 Huesca, Spain;
| | - Padet Tummaruk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Centre of Excellence in Swine Reproduction, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10310, Thailand;
| | - Melania Andrani
- Department of Veterinary—Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.D.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Roberta Saleri
- Department of Veterinary—Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.D.R.); (R.S.)
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Fernandes VS, Velho GDS, dos Santos MFO, Evangelista KA, Gasperin BG, Pfeifer LFM, Ferreira R, Gonçalves PBD, Gastal GDA, Dalto AGC, Rovani MT. Does GnRH treatment at TAI regardless of estrus occurrence increase pregnancy rate in crossbred Bos taurus suckled cows? Anim Reprod 2024; 21:e20230123. [PMID: 38510564 PMCID: PMC10954231 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of GnRH treatment on the day of TAI in beef cows has received limited investigation, especially concerning its association with estrus expression. Consequently, two experiments were conducted to assess the potential of GnRH treatment on the day of TAI to enhance fertility according to the expression or not of estrus in beef cows. Experiment 1 aimed to determine ovulation rate and luteal function, while Experiment 2 aimed to determine the effect of the two GnRH treatment approaches on pregnancy rate. In Experiment 1, multiparous Brangus suckling cows (n = 17) were submitted to an 8-day TAI protocol. Estrus occurrence was evaluated based on chalk removal on D10 (TAI) and cows were assigned to receive GnRH (25µg lecirelin; im) according to the group: GnRH (n = 7), regardless of estrus expression; or selectGnRH (n = 10), only cows not detected in estrus. Ovulation rate occurring until 77h after IVD removal did not differ (p = 0.17) between GnRH (85.7%; 6/7) and selectGnRH (100%; 10/10). Also, corpus luteum size and serum progesterone concentration were not affected (p>0.05) by treatments. In Experiment 2, crossbred taurine suckled cows (n = 384) were submitted to the same protocol as described in Experiment 1 and were randomly allocated to GnRH or selectGnRH groups. There was no difference in P/AI between groups (selectGnRH = 55.6%; GnRH = 54.3%; p = 0.7) 30 days after TAI. As expected, there was a pronounced effect (p<0.0001) of estrus expression on P/AI (Estrus = 61.5%; No estrus = 33.0%), regardless of group. In summary, ovulation timing and rate and luteal function did not differ between groups. Also, GnRH administration only in cows that do not show estrus is recommended, considering hormone savings and similar conception rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva Fernandes
- Setor de Grandes Ruminantes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Gabriella dos Santos Velho
- Setor de Grandes Ruminantes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | - Kelly Alves Evangelista
- Setor de Grandes Ruminantes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | - Rogério Ferreira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Monique Tomazele Rovani
- Setor de Grandes Ruminantes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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Yang MK, Yeh RH, Lee CJ, Yeh YH, Chen YH, Banhazi T, Tu PA. Pregnancy maintenance and fetal loss assessment in Holstein cows through analyzing pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in milk. Theriogenology 2024; 217:11-17. [PMID: 38219409 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Fetal loss (FL) from the 45th day of gestation until calving can impose a significant economic burden on dairy farmers, resulting in lost profits and increased production costs. Pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) is commonly used for detecting pregnancy in cows. PAG is secreted by binucleated trophoblast cells of the placenta and regulated by more than 24 genes. The purpose of this study was to determine the PAG threshold for FL and a probability of pregnancy maintenance until calving based on milk PAG levels. Our results reveal that primiparous and multiparous cows that maintained pregnancy until the 40th week exhibited higher PAG sample-negative (SN) values in their milk in the 6th week of gestation than did those that experienced FL later in gestation. Pregnant cows with higher PAG SN values in the 6th week of gestation were more likely to maintain their pregnancies. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting the probability of pregnancy maintenance was 0.722 for our prediction model. On the other hand, a milk PAG SN value of <0.192 indicated 95 % confidence that FL would occur between the 7th and 40th weeks of gestation. Milk PAG testing is a noninvasive sampling technique that does not induce additional stress in lactating cows. The study reveals that PAG SN values increase significantly in Holstein cows during the 6th week of gestation. The predictive model developed was effective in forecasting pregnancy outcomes up to the 40th week of gestation or calving. The model's performance is moderately good for field application and could be a useful tool for dairy producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Kuew Yang
- Northern Region Branch, Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Miaoli, 368, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Han Yeh
- Animal Products Processing Division, Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tainan, 71246, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Lee
- Livestock Management Division, Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tainan, 71246, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Yeh
- Northern Region Branch, Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Miaoli, 368, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chen
- Northern Region Branch, Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Miaoli, 368, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Banhazi
- National Taiwan University, International College, Changxing st, Da'an, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan
| | - Po-An Tu
- Northern Region Branch, Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Miaoli, 368, Taiwan.
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VanWye GM, Smith EG, Spinka C, Smith MF, Lucy MC, Thomas JM. Inducing luteolysis prior to atresia of the first follicular wave by altering the interval to prostaglandin F 2ɑ administration after long-term progestin presynchronization. Theriogenology 2024; 214:323-333. [PMID: 37976797 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
A series of experiments was designed to evaluate treatment schedules for control of the estrous cycle in which luteolysis is induced prior to atresia of the first follicular wave following a long-term progestin presynchronization treatment in beef heifers. The overarching hypothesis was that the proportion of heifers undergoing luteolysis and expressing estrus following PG administration would be affected by the duration of treatment with an intravaginal progesterone-releasing insert (CIDR; 1.38 g progesterone) and/or by the interval from CIDR removal to prostaglandin F2ɑ (PG; 500 μg cloprostenol) administration. In each experiment, heifers were blocked by reproductive tract score (RTS) and body weight (BW) and were assigned randomly within block to treatment. In Experiment 1, heifers (n = 91) were assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial design: presynchronization via CIDR treatment for either 14 d or 18 d with administration of PG either 8 d or 9 d following CIDR removal. In Experiment 2, heifers (n = 63) were assigned to receive administration of PG either 9 d or 10 d following a 14 d CIDR presynchronization. In Experiment 3, heifers (n = 83) were assigned to receive administration of PG either 9 d or 16 d following a 14 d CIDR presynchronization. In Experiment 1, there was a tendency for a greater proportion of heifers to express estrus by 96 h after PG administration when PG administration occurred 9 d versus 8 d after CIDR removal (P = 0.07). Additionally, serum estradiol (E2) concentrations were greater at the time of PG administration when PG was administered 9 d versus 8 d after CIDR removal following an 18 d CIDR treatment (P = 0.006). In Experiment 2, pregnancy rate to AI (P/AI) was greater among heifers receiving PG administration 9 d versus 10 d after CIDR removal (P = 0.03). There was a tendency for largest follicle diameter (LFD) to be greater among non-estrous heifers receiving PG administration 10 d versus 9 d after CIDR removal when measured at timed AI (P < 0.08). In Experiment 3, there was a tendency for serum progesterone (P4) concentrations at the time of PG administration to be greater among heifers receiving PG administration 16 d versus 9 d after CIDR removal (P = 0.07). These results provide a preliminary evaluation of the feasibility of inducing luteolysis prior to atresia of the first follicular wave following long-term progestin presynchronization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve M VanWye
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Emily G Smith
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Christine Spinka
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Michael F Smith
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Matthew C Lucy
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jordan M Thomas
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Singh H, Pandey AK, Kumar S, Saini G, Duggal R, Bangar YC, Kumar S, Saini R, Kumar H. 5d CIDR-Heatsynch improves the circulatory estradiol levels, estrus expression and conception rate in anestrus buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis). Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4488-4499. [PMID: 36576041 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2158337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether increasing estradiol (E2) during preovulatory period would increase estrous expression, luteal profiles and conception rate in 5d CIDR based timed AI protocol. A total 156 anestrus buffalo allocated (78 per group) to either 5d CIDR-Cosynch (d-5: CIDR + GnRH; d0: PGF2α+CIDR removal; 72 h post-CIDR removal: GnRH) or 5d CIDR-Heatsynch (d-5: CIDR + GnRH; d0: PGF2α+CIDR removal; 24 h post-CIDR removal: estradiol benzoate) group. All the buffaloes inseminated at 72 and 84 h post-CIDR removal. A subset of buffalo (n = 58) were subjected to examination of the follicle diameter and luteal profile during protocol, post-AI on days 5 and 12. The buffalo in 5d CIDR-Heatsynch had greater (p < .05) E2 concentrations, estrus induction and increasing trend (p < .08) for conception rate (57.7% vs. 43.6%) than 5d CIDR-Cosynch. The percentage of pregnant buffalo that exhibited estrus signs was greater (p < .01) in 5d CIDR-Heatsynch than 5d CIDR-Cosynch. Positive correlation (p < .01) was observed between POF and E2 concentrations; POF and CL diameter, CL diameter and P4 concentrations. Estrus response and P4 concentrations were indicators of probability of pregnancy. In conclusion, 5d CIDR-Heatsynch tended to improve conception rate. The estrus expression and P4 concentrations (d5 and 12 post-first-AI) is the indicator of probability of pregnancy in buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harender Singh
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, India
| | - Anand Kumar Pandey
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, India
| | - Gitesh Saini
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, India
| | - Rakesh Duggal
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government Veterinary Hospital, Hisar, India
| | | | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Sciences, LUVAS, Hisar, India
| | - Ravinder Saini
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Government Veterinary Hospital, Hisar, India
| | - Hitesh Kumar
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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Perry GA, Ketchum JN, Quail LK. Importance of preovulatory estradiol on uterine receptivity and luteal function. Anim Reprod 2023; 20:e20230061. [PMID: 37720725 PMCID: PMC10503890 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals that exhibited estrus had greater pregnancy success compared to animals that did not exhibit estrus before fixed-time AI (FTAI). Estradiol is synthesized in bovine ovarian follicles under gonadotropin regulation and can directly and indirectly regulate the uterine receptivity and luteal function. Estradiol concentrations at FTAI impacted oviductal gene expression and has been reported to play an important role in establishing the timing of uterine receptivity. These changes have been reported to impact uterine pH and sperm transport to the site of fertilization. After fertilization, preovulatory estradiol has been reported to improve embryo survival likely by mediating changes in uterine blood flow, endometrial thickness and changes in histotroph. Cows with greater estradiol concentrations at the time of GnRH-induced ovulation also had a larger dominant follicle size and greater circulating progesterone concentrations on day 7. Therefore, it is impossible to accurately determine the individual benefit of greater estradiol concentrations prior to ovulation and greater progesterone concentrations following ovulation to pregnancy establishment, as these two measurements are confounded. Research has indicated an importance in the occurrence and timing of increasing preovulatory concentrations of estradiol, but increasing estradiol concentrations by supplementation may not be sufficient to increase fertility. Increased production of estradiol by the preovulatory follicle may be required to enhance fertility through the regulation of sperm transport, fertilization, oviductal secretions, the uterine environment, and embryo survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaclyn Nicole Ketchum
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Overton, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lacey Kay Quail
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Overton, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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10
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Walker MB, Holton MP, Callaway TR, Lourenco JM, Fontes PLP. Differences in Microbial Community Composition between Uterine Horns Ipsilateral and Contralateral to the Corpus Luteum in Beef Cows on Day 15 of the Estrous Cycle. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2117. [PMID: 37630677 PMCID: PMC10458157 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated differences in uterine microbiota composition between uterine horns ipsilateral and contralateral to the corpus luteum of beef cows on day 15 of the estrous cycle. Cows (n = 23) were exposed to an estrus synchronization protocol to exogenously induce synchronized ovulation. Cows were then euthanized on day 15 of the estrous cycle, and individual swabs were collected from uterine horns ipsilateral and contralateral to the corpus luteum using aseptic techniques. DNA was extracted, and the entire (V1-V9 hypervariable regions) 16s rRNA gene was sequenced. Sequences were analyzed, and amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were determined. Across all samples, 2 bacterial domains, 24 phyla, and 265 genera were identified. Butyribirio, Cutibacterium, BD7-11, Bacteroidales BS11 gut group, Ruminococcus, Bacteroidales RF16 group, and Clostridia UCG-014 differed in relative abundances between uterine horns. Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Bacteroidales UCG-001, Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group, Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, Psudobutyribibrio, and an unidentified genus of the family Chitinophagaceae and dgA-11 gut group differed between cows that expressed estrus and those that did not. The composition of the microbial community differed between the ipsilateral and contralateral horns and between cows that expressed estrus and cows that failed to express estrus, indicating that the uterine microbiota might play a role in cow fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pedro Levy Piza Fontes
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (M.B.W.); (M.P.H.); (T.R.C.); (J.M.L.)
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11
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Eggenschwiler M, Lejeune B, Bruckmaier R, Bleul U. [Sonographic studies on the significance of follicle size and corpus luteum morphology in dairy cows after insemination]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2023; 51:218-227. [PMID: 37820627 DOI: 10.1055/a-2124-1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In dairy cattle, numerous factors determine the success of an insemination. The aim of the present study was to generate findings concerning the association between the preovulatory follicles, the corpora lutea with or without cavities and pregnancy in dairy cows under field conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data was obtained from 176 dairy cows scheduled for artificial insemination. The cows were gynecologically examined using sonography at the time of insemination, 24 hours later, on day 9, on day 34 and after day 42 after insemination. Additionally, blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vein at the time of insemination and on day 9 in order to determine blood progesterone level. RESULTS Depending on the result of the pregnancy test, no difference was detected between the dimensions of the follicles, corpora lutea as well as their cavities and progesterone levels 9 days after insemination in the dairy cows with spontaneous ovulations. In contrast to the corpus luteum without cavity, the surface area of the corpus luteum with cavity remained constant during the study period, while at the same time the cavity decreased in size to a significant degree. In addition, breed differences in corpus luteum sizes were detected on day 34. CONCLUSION No cause was detected for the formation of cavities in corpora lutea and there was no link to the follicle from which the corpus luteum developed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Both the changes in corpus luteum sizes over time and their breed-related differences could have an impact on insemination outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rupert Bruckmaier
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie, Vetsuisse-Fakultät Universität Bern, Bern, Schweiz
| | - Ulrich Bleul
- Klinik für Reproduktionsmedizin, Departement für Nutztiere, Vetsuisse-Fakultät Universität Zürich, Schweiz
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12
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Costa CB, Fair T, Seneda MM. Review: Environment of the ovulatory follicle: modifications and use of biotechnologies to enhance oocyte competence and increase fertility in cattle. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 1:100866. [PMID: 37567670 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The oocyte is the basis of life, supporting development from a fertilized cell to an independent multicellular organism. The oocyte's competence to drive the first cell cycles postfertilization are critical to embryonic survival and subsequent successful pregnancy. Coupled with the complex processes of follicle assembly, activation, differentiation, growth, and terminal maturation, oocyte developmental competence is gradually acquired during oocyte growth and meiotic maturation. Most reproduction management technologies and interventions are centered around these highly coordinated processes, targeting the ovarian follicle and the oocyte within. Thus, our objective was to highlight key aspects of oocyte and follicle development in cattle, and to discuss recent advances in oocyte and follicle-centered reproductive biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Bortoliero Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Assis, São Paulo, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Trudee Fair
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marcelo M Seneda
- State University of Londrina (UEL), Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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13
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Allahyari I, Gharagozlou F, Vojgani M, Pooladzadeh P, Mobedi E, Akbarinejad V. Replacement of the first GnRH by estradiol in the breeding Ovsynch of Double Ovsynch protocol could improve fertility in Holstein dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 252:107228. [PMID: 37027989 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Unlike GnRH, estradiol could induce emergence of a new follicular wave regardless of the size of follicle. Therefore, the present study was conducted to understand whether replacement of the first GnRH by estradiol in the breeding protocol of Double Ovsynch program could enhance fertility. Cows were randomly assigned to two groups, including Double Ovsynch protocol (Control; n = 120) and Ovsynch-estradiol-PGF2α-GnRH (EPG) protocol (Treatment; n = 120). Cows in both groups were subjected to presynchronization Ovsynch. Seven days later, cows in the control group received GnRH, which was followed by PGF2α and GnRH 7 days and 9 days plus 8 h later, respectively. Cows in treatment group received estradiol 7 days after the second GnRH of presynchronization Ovsynch, which was followed by PGF2α and GnRH 7 days and 10 days plus 8 h later, respectively. Cows were subjected to timed AI (TAI) 16 h after final GnRH in both groups. Pregnancy per AI (P/AI) was greater in cows in treatment than control group (64.17 % vs. 44.17 %, respectively; P = 0.02). Cows with a follicle with diameter ≥ 10 mm (F10) at the beginning of EPG in treatment group had greater P/AI than cows without a F10 at the beginning of breeding Ovsynch in control group (P ≤ 0.05). Pregnancy per AI was greater in cows with a CL at the beginning of EPG in treatment group than cows without a CL at the same timepoint in treatment group, and cows with or without a CL at the beginning of breeding Ovsynch in control group (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, inclusion of estradiol in Double Ovsynch protocol as a replacement for the first GnRH of breeding Ovsynch could improve fertility, particularly in cows with a CL at the initiation of EPG.
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14
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Martins T, Rocha CC, Driver JD, Rae O, Elzo MA, Mateescu RG, Santos JEP, Binelli M. What a 31-yr multibreed herd taught us about the influence of B. indicus genetics on reproductive performance of cows. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac366. [PMID: 36331079 PMCID: PMC9733534 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bos taurus × Bos indicus crosses are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, nonetheless, quantitative information about the influence of B. indicus genetics on the reproductive performance of beef cattle is lacking. Herein, we determined the association between level of B. indicus genetics and reproduction from a 31-yr dataset comprising sequential breeding seasons of the University of Florida multibreed herd (n = 6,503 Angus × Brahman cows). The proportion of B. indicus genetics in this herd is evenly distributed by each 1/32nd or approximately 3-percentage points. From 1989 to 2020, the estrous cycle of cows was synchronized for artificial insemination (AI) based on detected estrus or timed-AI (TAI) using programs based on gonadotropin-releasing hormone and prostaglandin, and progestin/progesterone. All cows were exposed to natural service after AI and approximately 90-d breeding seasons, considering the day of AI as day 0. The proportion of B. indicus genetics of cows was associated negatively with pregnancy per AI, ranging from 51.6% for cows with 0%-19% of B. indicus genetics to 37.4% for cows with 81%-100% of B. indicus genetics. Similar association was found for estrous response at the end of the synchronization protocol, ranging from 66.3% to 38.4%, respectively. This reduced estrous response helped to explain the pregnancy results, once the pregnancy to AI of cows showing estrus was 2.3-fold greater than for those not showing estrus and submitted to TAI. Despite reduced pregnancy per AI, the increase in the proportion of B. indicus genetics of cows was not associated with a reduction in the proportion of pregnant cows at the end of the breeding season. Nevertheless, the interval from entering the breeding season to pregnancy was lengthened as the proportion of B. indicus genetics of cows increased. The median days to pregnancy was extended by 25 when the proportion of B. indicus genetics surpassed 78% compared with less than 20%. Thus, the increase in the proportion of B. indicus genetics of cows was related to a reduction in pregnancy per AI and lengthening the interval to attain pregnancy during the breeding season, but not with the final proportion of pregnant cows. As a result, reproductive management strategies directed specifically to cows with a greater proportion of B. indicus genetics are needed to improve the rate of pregnancy in beef herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Martins
- Department of Animal Sciences and D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences and Brown Loam Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Cecilia C Rocha
- Department of Animal Sciences and D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph Danny Driver
- Department of Animal Sciences and D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Owen Rae
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mauricio A Elzo
- Department of Animal Sciences and D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Raluca G Mateescu
- Department of Animal Sciences and D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jose Eduardo P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences and D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mario Binelli
- Department of Animal Sciences and D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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15
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Rocha CC, Martins T, Mello BP, Dalmaso de Mello G, Motta IG, Lemes KM, Binelli M, Madureira EH, Pugliesi G. Comparing the effect of estradiol benzoate and 17β-estradiol plus progesterone on follicular turnover and development, and pregnancy outcomes in a timed artificial insemination protocol. Theriogenology 2022; 192:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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16
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Fontes PLP, Oosthuizen N. Applied Use of Doppler Ultrasonography in Bovine Reproduction. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.912854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Doppler ultrasonography to quantify blood vascularization in reproductive organs has increased over the past decade. Doppler technology has predominantly been explored in research settings to evaluate uterine blood flow and to assess follicular and luteal blood perfusion. Recent research has also explored the use of Doppler technology in applied reproductive management for both the beef and dairy industries and has focused on the use of luteal color Doppler ultrasonography to evaluate embryo transfer recipients and perform early pregnancy diagnosis. Although significant progress has been made and current literature indicates a strong potential for the applied use of Doppler ultrasonography to increase reproductive efficiency in the cattle industry, uptake of this technology is still currently limited. This review summarizes the recent developments in the applied use of color Doppler ultrasonography for reproductive management in both beef and dairy cattle herds.
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17
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Read CC, Edwards JL, Schrick FN, Rhinehart JD, Payton RR, Campagna SR, Castro HF, Klabnik JL, Moorey SE. Preovulatory serum estradiol concentration is positively associated with oocyte ATP and follicular fluid metabolite abundance in lactating beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6620784. [PMID: 35772749 PMCID: PMC9246671 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle induced to ovulate a small, physiologically immature preovulatory follicle had reduced oocyte developmental competence that resulted in decreased embryo cleavage and day 7 embryo quality compared with animals induced to ovulate a more advanced follicle. RNA-sequencing was performed on oocytes and their corresponding cumulus cells approximately 23 h after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administration to induce the preovulatory gonadotropin surge suggested reduced capacity for glucose metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation in the cumulus cells and oocytes from follicles ≤11.7 mm, respectively. We hypothesized that induced ovulation of a small, physiologically immature preovulatory follicle results in a suboptimal follicular microenvironment and reduced oocyte metabolic capacity. We performed a study with the objective to determine the impact of preovulatory follicle diameter and serum estradiol concentration at GnRH administration on oocyte metabolic competence and follicular fluid metabolome profiles. We synchronized the development of a preovulatory follicle and collected the follicle contents via transvaginal aspiration approximately 19 h after GnRH administration in lactating beef cows (n = 319). We determined ATP levels and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in 110 oocytes and performed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry metabolomic studies on 45 follicular fluid samples. Intraoocyte ATP and the amount of ATP produced per mtDNA copy number were associated with serum estradiol concentration at GnRH and time from GnRH administration to follicle aspiration (P < 0.05). mtDNA copy number was not related to follicle diameter at GnRH, serum estradiol concentration at GnRH, or any potential covariates (P > 0.10). We detected 90 metabolites in the aspirated follicular fluid. We identified 22 metabolites associated with serum estradiol concentration at GnRH and 63 metabolites associated with follicular fluid progesterone concentration at the time of follicle aspiration (FDR < 0.10). Pathway enrichment analysis of significant metabolites suggested altered proteinogenesis, citric acid cycle, and pyrimidine metabolism in follicles of reduced estrogenic capacity pre-gonadotropin surge or reduced progesterone production by the time of follicle aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey C Read
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - J Lannett Edwards
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - F Neal Schrick
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Justin D Rhinehart
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Rebecca R Payton
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Shawn R Campagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Hector F Castro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jessica L Klabnik
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Sarah E Moorey
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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18
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Moorey SE, Hessock EA, Edwards JL. Preovulatory follicle contributions to oocyte competence in cattle: importance of the ever-evolving intrafollicular environment leading up to the luteinizing hormone surge. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6620792. [PMID: 35772757 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The preovulatory intrafollicular environment plays a major role in determining oocyte competence. The basis of this review is to highlight the importance of the preovulatory follicle's physiological status prior to the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge and onset of oocyte maturation to promote an optimal follicular microenvironment and optimal oocyte developmental competence in cattle. While the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and are likely multifactorial, the preovulatory follicle's physiological status prior to the preovulatory LH surge is highly influential on the oocyte's capacity to undergo postfertilization embryo development. Changes in the intrafollicular environment of the preovulatory follicle including steroid hormone production, metabolome profiles, and proteome profiles likely support the oocyte's developmental and metabolic competency. This review focuses on the relationship between bovine oocyte developmental competency and antral follicle progression to the preovulatory phase, the role of the preovulatory follicle in improving oocyte developmental competence in cattle, and the importance of the ever-evolving preovulatory intrafollicular environment for optimal fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Moorey
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Emma A Hessock
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - J Lannett Edwards
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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19
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Horn EJ, Read CC, Edwards JL, Schrick FN, Rhinehart JD, Payton RR, Campagna SR, Klabnik JL, Clark HM, Myer PR, McLean KJ, Moorey SE. Preovulatory follicular fluid and serum metabolome profiles in lactating beef cows with thin, moderate, and obese body condition. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6620790. [PMID: 35772755 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremes in body condition reduce fertility and overall productivity in beef cattle herds, due in part to altered systemic metabolic conditions that influence the intrafollicular and uterine environment. Follicular fluid and serum metabolome profiles are influenced by body composition in women and dairy cattle; however, such information is lacking in beef cattle. We hypothesized that body condition score (BCS)-related alterations in the metabolome of preovulatory follicular fluid and serum may influence oocyte maturation while impacting the oviductal or uterine environment. Therefore, we performed a study with the objective to determine the relationship between BCS and the metabolome of follicular fluid and serum in lactating beef cattle. We synchronized the development of a preovulatory follicle in 130 cows of varying BCS. We collected blood and performed transvaginal follicle aspirations to collect follicular fluid from the preovulatory follicle ~18 h after gonadotropin-releasing hormone administration to stimulate the preovulatory gonadotropin surge. We then selected follicular fluid and serum samples from cows with BCS 4 (Thin; n = 14), BCS 6 (Moderate; n = 18), or BCS >8 (Obese; n = 14) for ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. We identified differences in the follicular fluid or serum of thin, moderate, and obese animals based on multiple linear regression. MetaboAnalyst 5.0 was used for enrichment analysis of significant metabolites. We identified 38 metabolites in follicular fluid and 49 metabolites in serum. There were no significant differences in follicular fluid metabolite content among BCS classifications. There were 5, 22, and 1 serum metabolites differentially abundant between thin-obese, moderate-thin, and moderate-obese classifications, respectively (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.10). These metabolites were enriched in multiple processes including "arginine biosynthesis," "arginine/proline metabolism," and "D-glutamine/D-glutamate metabolism" (FDR < 0.04). Pathways enriched with serum metabolites associated with BCS indicate potentially increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in serum of thin cows. ROS crossing the blood follicular barrier may negatively impact the oocyte during oocyte maturation and contribute to the reduced pregnancy rates observed in thin beef cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Horn
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Casey C Read
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - J Lannett Edwards
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - F Neal Schrick
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Justin D Rhinehart
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Rebecca R Payton
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Shawn R Campagna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jessica L Klabnik
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Hannah M Clark
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Phillip R Myer
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Kyle J McLean
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Sarah E Moorey
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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20
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Martini A, Pessoa G, Rubin M. Conception rate according to sire, body condition score and estrus occurrence of suckled Bos taurus beef cows submitted to timed artificial insemination. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of estrus expression, body condition score (BCS), different sires and semen batches on the conception rate of suckled Bos taurus beef cows submitted to timed artificial insemination (TAI). Data from 7,737 TAI were obtained from five farms in South Brazil. Cows received an estradiol plus progesterone-based estrous synchronization protocol. Only sires (n = 13) with at least two semen batches and 50 AI in two different lots were included in the study. Conception rate was higher for cows in estrus (66.8% vs. 26.3%) or with BCS ≥ 3 (57.2% vs. 51.6%) than in cows without estrus or BCS < 3, respectively (P≤0.001). Conception rate per sire ranged from 42.6% (Sire L) to 74.3% (Sire K). Conception rate in cows with BCS ≥ 3 and estrus occurrence varied from 47.4% (Sire L) to 86.1% (Sire A) among sires. Conception rate differed among semen batches of the same sire (B1 = 58.5%, B2 = 62.5%, and B3 = 83.2%). In conclusion, there was individual variation in conception rate among AI sires and semen batches within sires. The conception rate was increased by estrus occurrence and greater BCS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M.I.B. Rubin
- Universidade Federal Santa Maria, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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21
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Speckhart SL, Oliveira Filho RV, Franco GA, Vasconcelos JLM, Schrick FN, Edwards JL, Pohler KG. Short Communication: Influence of estrus activity and reproductive tract size and position scores on fertility in Bos indicus and Bos taurus suckled beef cows. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6596675. [PMID: 35648125 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to determine if estrus activity and reproductive tract size and position score (SPS) are associated with pregnancy outcomes in Bos indicus (Nelore) and Bos taurus (Angus) beef cows. In study 1, multiparous Nelore cows (n = 1,280) were artificially inseminated at a fixed time (FTAI, day 0) using an estradiol and progesterone (P4)-based estrus synchronization protocol. In study 2, multiparous Angus cows (n = 764) were artificially inseminated at a fixed time (FTAI, day 0) using a gonadotropin-releasing hormone and P4-based estrus synchronization protocol. Estrus activity was assessed using Estrotect heat detector patches and scored on day 0 using the following scoring system: 0 (patch was lost, most likely due to repeated mounting), 1 (<25% activation), 2 (≥25%, <50% activation), 3 (≥50%, <75% activation), or 4 (>75% activation) where patch scores of 1 and 2 signified no or limited estrus activity, whereas scores of 0, 3, and 4 had increased estrus activity. Reproductive tract SPS were assigned on day 0 as SPS1: small and compact resting within the pelvic cavity; SPS2: intermediate, resting partially outside the pelvic cavity; and SPS3: larger and resting outside the pelvic cavity. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasound on day 30 and 100 after FTAI. Cows were determined as undergoing pregnancy loss if a viable embryo with heartbeat was detected at day 30 but was no longer present at day 100. Pregnancy rate at day 30 was influenced by estrus activity and SPS in both Nelore (P = 0.004) and Angus (P = 0.009) cows. Specifically, cows with smaller reproductive tracts (SPS1) had greater (P < 0.001) pregnancy rate when estrus was expressed before FTAI. There was no effect of estrus activity nor reproductive tract size on pregnancy loss between day 30 and 100 for both breeds. In summary, estrus activity before FTAI may influence reproductive outcomes differently depending on size and position of the reproductive tract at time of breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramiro V Oliveira Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Gessica A Franco
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jose L M Vasconcelos
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - F Neal Schrick
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - J Lannett Edwards
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Rosasco SL, Melchior-Tiffany EA, Kassetas CJ, Cox SH, Dunlap RL, Hernandez Gifford JA, Scholljegerdes EJ, Cushman RA, Summers AF. Effects of administration of a growth promoting implant during the suckling phase or at weaning on growth, reproduction, and ovarian development in replacement heifers grazing native range. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6590009. [PMID: 35595509 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Management strategies utilized during pre-breeding development of replacement heifers can impact fertility and the ovarian reserve. Angus-Hereford crossbred heifers (n = 233) were utilized over a three-year period to determine the effects of administration of a growth promoting implant at either branding or weaning on growth, reproduction, and ovarian development. Heifer calves were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) non-implanted controls (CON; n = 79), 2) implanted at approximately 2 mo of age (average calf age = 58 d) with Synovex-C (BIMP, n = 82), or 3) implanted at approximately 7mo of age (average calf age = 210 d) with Synovex-C (WIMP; n = 72). In yr 2 and 3 a subset of heifers (yr 2 n = 16; yr 3 n = 14) were unilaterally ovariectomized. Heifers implanted at 2 mo of age were heavier at weaning, yearling (mid-February; average calf age = 332 d), and at the beginning of the breeding season (P < 0.01) compared to CON and WIMP heifers. Average daily gain (ADG) was similar among treatments from weaning to yearling and weaning to the start of the breeding season (P ≥ 0.61), however, WIMP heifers had increased (P = 0.05) ADG from yearling to the start of the breeding season compared to BIMP heifers. Antral follicle count and reproductive tract scores were not influenced by implant treatment (P ≥ 0.18). Response to synchronization of estrus was increased (P = 0.02) in WIMP compared to CON heifers, with BIMP heifers similar to all other treatments. First service conception rates tended to be increased (P = 0.09) in CON heifers compared to WIMP heifers, with BIMP heifers similar to CON and WIMP. Final pregnancy rates were similar (P = 0.54) among treatments. A treatment × yr interaction was detected (P = 0.01) for the number of primordial follicles/section with increased primordial follicles in WIMP heifers in yr 3 compared to BIMP and WIMP heifers in yr 2 and CON heifers in yr 3, as well as in BIMP compared to WIMP heifers in yr 2. Utilization of growth promoting implants did not negatively impact postweaning reproductive development or compromise pregnancy rates in beef heifers. Based on these results, administration of a growth promoting Synovex-C implant at 2 mo of age may allow for increased body weight at weaning, without hindering reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Rosasco
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - E A Melchior-Tiffany
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - C J Kassetas
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - S H Cox
- Corona Range and Livestock Research Center, Corona, NM 88318, USA
| | - R L Dunlap
- Corona Range and Livestock Research Center, Corona, NM 88318, USA
| | - J A Hernandez Gifford
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - E J Scholljegerdes
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - R A Cushman
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P. O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - A F Summers
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
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Pfeifer L, Gasperin B, Cestaro J, Schneider A. Postponing TAI in beef cows with small preovulatory follicles. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 242:107006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Oosthuizen N, Porter K, Burato S, Goncalves LM, Pohler KG, Fontes PLP, Lamb GC. Effects of Pre-Synchronization With Prostaglandin F2α and a Progestin, and Delayed Insemination on Pregnancy Rates With Sexed Semen in Replacement Beef Heifers. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.870978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the effects of pre-synchronization and delayed fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) on pregnancy rates (PR/AI) with sexed semen, 1,844 beef heifers were enrolled in a completely randomized design at 12 locations. Within a location, the heifers were randomly assigned to one of the five treatments: (1 and 2), heifers were administered prostaglandin F2α (PGF) on Day -7, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and a controlled internal drug releasing (CIDR) insert on Day 0, PGF at CIDR removal on Day 7, and a second injection of GnRH at TAI 72 h later with either conventional (CTRL72-CNV) or sexed semen (CTRL72-SEX); (3 and 4), treated the same as CTRL72 but received a CIDR insert on Day -7 at PGF administration and TAI at 60 h with either conventional (CIDR60-CNV) or sexed semen (CIDR60-SEX); (5), treated the same as CIDR60 but had TAI delayed to 72 h with sexed semen (CIDR72-SEX). Estrus detection patches were applied to all heifers on Day 7 and were evaluated for activation at TAI. Estrus expression did not differ (p = 0.92) between CIDR60 and CIDR72 heifers, but was greater (p < 0.001) in CIDR60 and CIDR72 heifers compared with CTRL72 heifers. Among treatments, PR/AI differed (p < 0.001) and were greater (p ≤ 0.003) in CTRL72-CNV and CIDR60-CNV heifers than CIDR60-SEX and CIDR72-SEX heifers (51.6 and 48.1 vs. 37.5 and 25.3%, respectively). In addition, PR/AI were greater (p < 0.001) in CTRL72-SEX and CIDR60-SEX heifers when compared with CIDR72-SEX (42.0 and 37.5 vs. 25.3%, respectively) heifers but only tended (p = 0.09) to differ between CTRL72-SEX and CIDR60-CNV heifers. No differences (p = 0.33) were determined between CTRL72-CNV and CIDR60-CNV or between CTRL72-SEX and CIDR60-SEX heifers (p = 0.22). In conclusion, no differences were determined between heifers pre-synchronized with only PGF and those pre-synchronized with PGF and a CIDR insert when inseminated with either conventional or sexed semen. Therefore, the use of a CIDR insert for an additional 7 days was not beneficial to PR/AI when heifers were TAI at 60 h with either conventional or sexed semen. Furthermore, delaying TAI to 72 h with sexed semen after pre-synchronization with both PGF and a CIDR insert had a negative impact on PR/AI.
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Núñez-Olivera R, Bó GA, Menchaca A. Association between length of proestrus, follicular size, estrus behavior, and pregnancy rate in beef heifers subjected to fixed-time artificial insemination. Theriogenology 2021; 181:1-7. [PMID: 34998022 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the relationship between proestrus length and follicular size, estrous behavior, and pregnancy rate in Bos taurus beef heifers subjected to fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). A total of 911 heifers received a synchronization treatment protocol for FTAI (J-Synch) consisting of an intravaginal progesterone device for 6 d, estradiol benzoate at the time of device insertion cloprostenol sodium and eCG at device removal and GnRH at the time of FTAI. The presence or absence of a corpus luteum (CL) was determined by ultrasonography at device insertion and all heifers were tail painted at device removal for estrus detection at the time of FTAI. For the establishment of different periods of proestrus length (i.e., interval from device removal to FTAI), GnRH was administered i.m. at 48 h (n = 308), 60 h (n = 290) or 72 h (n = 313) after device removal. The diameter of the largest follicle at the time of GnRH administration was determined by ultrasonography, expression of estrous was determined by percentage of tail paint removal, and FTAI was performed at the time of GnRH administration in all heifers. The diameter of the largest follicle was greater when GnRH/FTAI was performed at 72 or 60 h (12.9 ± 0.2 mm and 12.8 ± 0.1 mm, respectively) than at 48 h (12.2 ± 0.1 mm, P < 0.05). The proportion of heifers in estrus tended to be greater when GnRH/FTAI was performed at 72 h (77.0%, 137/178) than at 48 h (68.2%, 122/179; P = 0.06), and intermediate at 60 h (71.4%, 120/168). Pregnancy rate tended to be greater in heifers with the longest (72 h: 70.0%, 219/313) than the shortest (48 h: 63.6%, 196/308; P < 0.1) proestrus length, while 60 h proestrus length was intermediate (63.1%, 183/290; P= NS). Pregnancy rate was affected by the presence of a CL at device insertion (71.3%, 352/494 in heifers with a CL, vs. 59.0%, 246/417 for those without a CL; P < 0.01). For those heifers bearing a CL, pregnancy rate was greater in heifers with a 72 h proestrus length (77.0%, 134/174) than with 48 or 60 h proestrus length (67.7%, 107/158 and 68.5%, 111/162; respectively; P < 0.05). In heifers without a CL, proestrus length did not affect pregnancy rate. In summary, extending proestrus length by delaying the interval from device removal to GnRH/FTAI from 48 to 72 h, was associated with a greater diameter of the preovulatory follicle, greater proportion of heifers expressing estrus at the time of FTAI, and greater pregnancy rate in cycling beef heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Núñez-Olivera
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay; Programa de Posgrado de la Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G A Bó
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto A.P. de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa del Rosario, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A Menchaca
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Uruguay, Fundación IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay; Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Administration of PGF2α at the moment of timed-AI using sex-sorted or conventional semen in suckled nelore cows with different intensity of estrus behavior. Theriogenology 2021; 174:169-175. [PMID: 34455244 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate pregnancy rates (PR) and ovulatory characteristics of Nelore cows receiving PGF2α at the time of AI (artificial insemination) in a progesterone(P4)/estradiol-based timed-AI protocol. We also compared the effects of PGF2α treatment at AI in cows inseminated with conventional or sex-sorted semen, with the absence or expression of estrus. In experiment 1, a total of 701 suckled, multiparous Nelore cows from two commercial beef farms were submitted to the same protocol. All cows received a 12.5 mg (IM) injection of dinoprost tromethamine (Dinoprost; Lutalyse®; PGF treatment) at days 7 and 9 of a timed-AI protocol. Following P4 device removal (day 11; D11), AI was performed 48 h later with conventional or sex-sorted semen from two different sires. At AI, cows received an additional dose of 12.5 mg (IM) of Dinoprost (PGF treatment) or 2.5 mL (IM) of sterile saline (Control). Estrus behavior was determined at D11 by activation of an estrus detection device (Estrotect®). The overall PR was 32.8% (n = 348) at Farm 1 and 42.3% (n = 353) at Farm 2 (P = 0.01). Despite PR differences between farms, the same factors affected PR at Farms 1 and 2. Body condition score (P = 0.02), estrus behavior (P = 0.01), and type of semen (P < 0.001) were factors affecting PR. Conventional semen had a 2.73x greater chance of successful pregnancy than sex-sorted semen. Cows displaying estrus had a 2.5x greater chance of successful pregnancy than cows that did not display estrus. No treatment effect (P = 0.67) was detected in cows receiving conventional or sex-sorted semen. However, there was a tendency (P = 0.08) for an interaction between treatment (PGF or control) and estrus behavior (estrus or no estrus). PGF2α at the time of AI tended to increase PR of cows that did not display estrus (P < 0.10). In experiment 2, 29 suckled, multiparous Nelore cows were compared using B-mode and Doppler ultrasongraphy to assess the ovulatory characteristics of cows receiving the 12.5 mg (IM) injection of Dinoprost (PGF treatment) or saline solution (control) at D11. No significant effects of PGF2α treatment at D11 were observed in follicular characteristics and/or ovulation performance. It was concluded that fertility of sex-sorted semen was lower than conventional semen, regardless of the PGF2α treatment. The 12.5 mg treatment of Dinoprost at AI did not accelerate the occurrence of ovulation; however, it was interesting to note that PGF2α treatment at timed-AI appeared to increase the fertility of cows that did not display estrus, independent of semen type.
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Yoshiyama T, Kanazawa T, Takahashi T. Follicular dynamics during the pre-ovulatory and subsequent first follicular wave stages affect the pregnancy outcome in Japanese Black cows. J Reprod Dev 2021; 67:345-351. [PMID: 34556611 PMCID: PMC8668376 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2021-024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The diameters of the pre-ovulatory follicles (PF) and the largest follicle during the subsequent first follicular wave (W1LF), and plasma estradiol-17β (E2) concentrations were
monitored on Days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 (ovulation = Day 1). Pregnancy was diagnosed on Day 30. Cows were classified into two groups according to the location of the dominant follicle
ipsilateral (IG) or contralateral (CG) to the corpus luteum on Day 7. From Days 3 to 7, some follicles that had been determined as the subordinate in the previous examination exceeded the
W1LF located in the opposite ovary in terms of the diameter. These were defined as switching (SW), whereas others were defined as non-switching (NSW). The diameter of PF was significantly
smaller in pregnant (P) animals than in non-pregnant (NP) animals. The plasma E2 concentration on Day 0 was significantly higher in P animals than in NP animals and tended to be
higher in NSW than in SW. In addition, plasma E2 concentrations around Days 3 to 7 tended to be higher in P animals of NSW than in NP animals of SW. The conception rates did not
differ between IG and CG but were significantly higher in NSW than in SW. In the IG group, the conception rate tended to be higher in NSW than in SW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsumugi Yoshiyama
- Cooperative Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.,Fukushima Prefectural Federated Agricultural Aid Association, Fukushima 963-6311, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kanazawa
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Toru Takahashi
- Cooperative Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.,Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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Correlation between Pre-Ovulatory Follicle Diameter and Follicular Fluid Metabolome Profiles in Lactating Beef Cows. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090623. [PMID: 34564438 PMCID: PMC8471867 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced ovulation of small pre-ovulatory follicles reduced pregnancy rates, embryo survival, day seven embryo quality, and successful embryo cleavage in beef cows undergoing fixed-time artificial insemination. RNA-sequencing of oocytes and associated cumulus cells collected from pre-ovulatory follicles 23 h after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administration to induce the pre-ovulatory gonadotropin surge suggested reduced capacity for glucose metabolism in cumulus cells of follicles ≤11.7 mm. We hypothesized that the follicular fluid metabolome influences metabolic capacity of the cumulus-oocyte complex and contributes to reduced embryo cleavage and quality grade observed following induced ovulation of small follicles. Therefore, we performed a study to determine the correlation between pre-ovulatory follicle diameter and follicular fluid metabolome profiles in lactating beef cows (Angus, n = 130). We synchronized the development of a pre-ovulatory follicle and collected the follicular contents approximately 20 h after GnRH administration. We then performed ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) metabolomic studies on 43 follicular fluid samples and identified 38 metabolites within pre-ovulatory follicles of increasing size. We detected 18 metabolites with a significant, positive correlation to follicle diameter. Individual and pathway enrichment analysis of significantly correlated metabolites suggest that altered glucose and amino acid metabolism likely contribute to reduced developmental competence of oocytes when small pre-ovulatory follicles undergo induced ovulation.
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Teixeira A, Riveros J, Diniz J, Fonseca A, Silva D, Leo A, Pereira I, Valle G, Monteiro G, Oliveira L. Intravaginal progesterone device (1.9g) and estradiol benzoate for follicular control in the mare during spring and summer. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate follicular growth and ovulatory rates in mares treated with an intravaginal progesterone device (P4) during the 10-day period, associated with the use of estradiol benzoate (EB). The results were compared during the transition period (ET) in the spring and the breeding season in the summer (ER). The variables were submitted to ANOVA (Tukey's test), considering P<0.05. No ovulation occurred during the permanence of the P4 implant in both experimental periods. The ovulatory rate in the ER was 100% (n = 8) and in the ET 62.5% (n = 5; P = 0.0547). Significant differences were observed (<0.001), in both periods, comparing follicular growth rates during the permanence of P4 device (ER: 1.33 ± 0.89mm/d; ET: 1.00 ± 0.81mm/d) to the period without P4 (ER: 3.63 ± 1.33 mm/d; ET: 3.31 ± 1.66 mm/d). The present study demonstrated applicability and efficiency of a hormonal protocol using P4 intravaginal device and EB for follicular control in mares, both during ET and ER.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - D.F. Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A.M.P. Leo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Martins T, Silva FACC, Soriano GA, Pinto LMF, Rocha CC, Gonella-Diaza AM, DiLorenzo N, Rae O, Binelli M. Puberty attainment and reproductive performance of yearling Bos indicus-influenced heifers after two sequential treatments with progesterone. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 231:106803. [PMID: 34274905 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Number of pubertal heifers at time of breeding season initiation is a primary determinant to pregnancy success during the breeding season. It was hypothesized that pre-breeding progesterone (P4) supplementation (induction) would increase the number of heifers pubertal at the time of imposing estrous synchronization treatment regimens and P/AI. Yearling, Bos indicus-influenced (n = 577) or Bos indicus (n = 174) heifers were or were not treated with P4 (CIDR and Non-CIDR, respectively) for 10 d starting on D-23 (D0 = TAI). Presence of a CL on D-33 or D-23 was considered to indicate heifers were pubertal. On D-13, there was a PGF analogue administered. On D-9, there was treatment with GnRH analogue, 6d-CIDR and PGF. There were inseminations based on estrus (D-2 to D0) or TAI on D0 for non-estrous animals. There were 5.2 % and 62.9 % purebred and crossbred heifers pubertal, respectively. Proportion of prepubertal crossbred than purebred heifers with CL on D-3 was greater as a result of imposing the pubertal induction regimen (P < 0.05 and P> 0.10, respectively). Regardless of puberty status, proportion of heifers in estrus prior to AI in the CIDR group was similar to the heifers of the Non-CIDR group for crossbreds and purebreds. Similarly, P/AI of CIDR group was similar to the Non-CIDR group for crossbreds and purebreds. In summary, imposing the pubertal induction regimen hastened attainment of puberty in yearling crossbred, but not purebred heifers. Puberty induction did not affect estrous response, neither fertility after imposing an estrous synchronization treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Martins
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - F A C C Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - G A Soriano
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of West of Sao Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - L M F Pinto
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - C C Rocha
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - A M Gonella-Diaza
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL, United States
| | - N DiLorenzo
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, FL, United States
| | - O Rae
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, FL, United States
| | - M Binelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Li J, Zhang S, Shen C, Niu Z, Yang H, Zhang K, Liu Z, Wang Y, Lan X. Indel mutations within the bovine HSD17B3 gene are significantly associated with ovary morphological traits and mature follicle number. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 209:105833. [PMID: 33524543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Given the intensive selection for increased milk production, it is imperative that the problem of declining fertility in dairy cows be reversed. In female mammals their reproductive traits and functioning is controlled by a finely tuned process balancing estrogens and androgens, in which androgens (e.g., testosterone) as a precursor substance can participate in estrogen synthesis by activating 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17betaHSD). Being a key catalyst for testosterone synthesis, we hypothesized HSD17B3 gene is involved in the ovary's development and thereby capable of influencing cows' fecundity. Herein, to investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of the HSD17B3 gene and cow fertility, we characterized three insertion/deletion (indels) polymorphisms of this gene in 1110 healthy bovine ovaries. Their respective minimum allelic frequency (MAF) ranged from 0.180 to 0.482. For the ovary morphological traits, correlations revealed that both P1-D15-bp and P4-D19-bp demonstrated significant associations with ovarian height (P = 0.007 and 0.004, respectively), while P5-I5-bp was found to be significantly associated with the ovarian weight (P = 0.024). For ovarian volume, a significant correlation was uncovered between it and both polymorphisms of P4-D19-bp (P = 0.036) and P5-I5-bp (P = 0.045). Cows with either the DD genotype of P4-D19-bp or P5-I5-bp tended to have greater ovarian volume, a result consistent with their relationship to ovarian weight (P5-I5-bp) or height (P4-D19-bp). For the mature follicle traits, polymorphisms of P4-D19-bp were found significantly associated with the number of mature follicles (P = 0.045). Furthermore, expression levels of HSD17B3 differed significantly between the maximal and minimum groups of ovarian weight or volume, and the transcription factors GATA-1 and USF were predicted to bind P1-D15-bp and P4-D19-bp, respectively. This suggested the detected intron mutations could affect HSD17B3's transcription by regulating the binding of transcription factors, thereby affecting ovarian weight and other reproductive traits. As a potential effective molecular marker loci significantly related to traits of ovary and follicle, these three indels could be used in practical molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding programs, to optimize female fertility and enhance economic efficiency in the dairy cow industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Animal Genome and Gene Function Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China.
| | - Shaoli Zhang
- Animal Genome and Gene Function Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China.
| | - Chenglong Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China.
| | - Zhihan Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China.
| | - Han Yang
- Animal Genome and Gene Function Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China.
| | - Kaijuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China.
| | - Zhengqing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China.
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China.
| | - Xianyong Lan
- Animal Genome and Gene Function Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China.
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Oosthuizen N, Melo GD, Seidel GE, Stewart RL, Rowden L, Lamb GC, Fontes PLP. Effects of prolonging the interval from progestin removal to prostaglandin F 2α injection from 16 to 17 d in a long-term estrus synchronization protocol in beef heifers. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab062. [PMID: 34124589 PMCID: PMC8191486 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine effects of delaying the injection of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) and fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) in the 14-d CIDR-PG protocol, 1,049 Angus heifers at six locations were enrolled in a completely randomized design. Within location heifers were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: 1) PG16 (n = 518), heifers received a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) insert on d 0 for 14 d, a 25-mg injection of PGF 16 d after CIDR removal (d 30), and a 100-µg injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone concurrent with TAI 66 ± 2 h later; or 2) PG17 (n = 531), heifers were treated the same as PG16, however, PGF was administered 17 d after CIDR removal (d 31), and heifers were TAI 66 ± 2 h later. Estrus detection patches were applied to a subset (n = 482) of heifers at the time of PGF administration and were examined for activation at TAI. Dominant follicle diameter was determined via transrectal ultrasonography at PGF administration and TAI in a subset of heifers (n = 116). Transrectal ultrasonography was performed to determine pregnancy rates to TAI (PR/AI) between 30 and 45 d after TAI. Estrus expression prior to TAI differed by treatment where PG17 heifers had greater (P < 0.01) expression of estrus than PG16 heifers (57.8 ± 6.1% vs. 43.4 ± 6.1%, respectively). Nevertheless, dominant follicle diameters at PGF and at TAI were similar (P ≥ 0.59) between PG16 and PG17 heifers. In addition, PR/AI did not differ (P = 0.29) between PG16 and PG17 treatments (50.5 ± 3.2% vs. 45.7 ± 3.1%, respectively). Results of this experiment indicate that delaying the injection of PGF and TAI in the 14-d CIDR-PG protocol increased estrus expression prior to TAI yet did not improve fertility in beef heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Oosthuizen
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | - Gabriela D Melo
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | - George E Seidel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - R Lawton Stewart
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Graham C Lamb
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | - Pedro L P Fontes
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Ciernia LA, Perry GA, Smith MF, Rich JJ, Northrop EJ, Perkins SD, Green JA, Zezeski AL, Geary TW. Effect of estradiol preceding and progesterone subsequent to ovulation on proportion of postpartum beef cows pregnant. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 227:106723. [PMID: 33621845 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of plasma concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E2) preceding and progesterone (P4) subsequent to ovulation on proportions of beef cows pregnant following embryo transfer. Timing of ovulation (d 0) among postpartum cows was synchronized and cows that expressed estrus were removed from each study. In Experiment 1, plasma E2 concentration on d 0 was used to classify cows (n = 353) into Low, Medium, and High E2 groups. Pregnancy rate for cows with Low, Medium, or High E2 concentrations were different (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, there were multiple administrations of PGF2α to evaluate the independent effects of Low or High E2 before ovulation and Low or Normal (no treatment) P4 after ovulation on proportions of cows pregnant. Treatment groups in Experiment 2, therefore, were: Low E2-Low P4 (LL; n = 71), Low E2-Normal P4 (LN; n = 69), High E2-Low P4 (HL; n = 74), and High E2-Normal P4 (HN; n = 73). Concentrations of P4 on d 7 subsequent to ovulation were less (P < 0.05) in cows of the HL compared to HN, and in LL compared to LN groups. Concentrations of E2 on d -2, 0, and change in E2 (d -2 to d 0) had a positive effect (P < 0.008) on pregnancy rates. In summary, relatively greater E2 concentrations preceding ovulation; and relatively greater P4 concentrations subsequent to ovulation combined with lesser E2 concentrations preceding ovulation had a positive effect on proportions of postpartum cows pregnant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G A Perry
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - M F Smith
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - J J Rich
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - E J Northrop
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - S D Perkins
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - J A Green
- University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - A L Zezeski
- USDA-ARS, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Lab, Miles City, MT, USA
| | - T W Geary
- USDA-ARS, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Lab, Miles City, MT, USA.
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34
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Oosthuizen N, Fontes PLP, Oliveira Filho RV, Dahlen CR, Grieger DM, Hall JB, Lake SL, Looney CR, Mercadante VRG, Neville BW, Perry GA, Powell JG, Prezotto LD, Seidel GE, Walker RS, Cardoso RC, Pohler KG, Lamb GC. Pre-synchronization of ovulation timing and delayed fixed-time artificial insemination increases pregnancy rates when sex-sorted semen is used for insemination of heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 226:106699. [PMID: 33517066 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine effects of pre-synchronization of ovulation timing among heifers and delayed fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) with sex-sorted semen on proportion of heifers pregnant after TAI (PR/AI). Heifers were assigned to one of eight treatments: 1 and 2), 7-d CO-Synch + CIDR treatment regimen with administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and a CIDR insert on Day 0, prostaglandin F2α (PGF) at CIDR removal on Day 7, and TAI occurring 54 h later with conventionally processed (CTRL54-CNV) or sex-sorted semen (CTRL54-SEX); 3 and 4), same as CTRL54 but TAI delayed to 72 h with conventionally processed (CTRL72-CNV) or sex-sorted semen (CTRL72-SEX); 5 and 6), same as CTRL54 but additional administration of PGF on Day -7 and TAI with conventionally processed (PRE54-CNV) or sex-sorted semen (PRE54-SEX); 7 and 8), same as PRE54 treatments but TAI delayed to 72 h with conventionally processed (PRE72-CNV) or sex-sorted semen (PRE72-SEX). Proportion of heifers pregnant after TAI was greater (P ≤ 0.02) with conventionally processed semen compared with sex-sorted semen, yet PR/AI did not differ (P = 0.14) between heifers in PRE72-CNV and PRE72-SEX groups. There were greater PR/AI in the PRE72-SEX (P = 0.03) than CTRL54-SEX group (46.1 % and 36.9 %) and there was no difference (P = 0.31) in PR/AI between CTRL54-CNV and PRE72-SEX groups (50.4 % and 46.1 %). In conclusion, pre-synchronization of ovulation timing among heifers combined with delayed TAI resulted in increased PR/AI with sex-sorted semen compared with the 7-d CO-Synch+CIDR treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Oosthuizen
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, United States.
| | - P L P Fontes
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - R V Oliveira Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, United States
| | - C R Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, United States
| | - D M Grieger
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - J B Hall
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, United States
| | - S L Lake
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, United States
| | - C R Looney
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - V R G Mercadante
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - B W Neville
- Carrington Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Carrington, ND 58421, United States
| | - G A Perry
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States
| | - J G Powell
- Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - L D Prezotto
- Department of Research Centers, Montana State University, Havre, MT 59501, United States
| | - G E Seidel
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - R S Walker
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK 73401, United States
| | - R C Cardoso
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, United States
| | - K G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, United States
| | - G C Lamb
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, United States.
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35
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Rosasco SL, Melchior EA, Cox SH, Dunlap RL, Hernandez Gifford JA, Scholljegerdes EJ, Cushman RA, Summers AF. Effect of stair-step nutritional programming on ovarian development in replacement beef heifers. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 4:S32-S36. [PMID: 33381717 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L Rosasco
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
| | - Emily A Melchior
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
| | - Shad H Cox
- Corona Range and Livestock Research Center, Corona, NM
| | | | | | - Eric J Scholljegerdes
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
| | | | - Adam F Summers
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
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36
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Dias HP, Poole RK, Albuquerque JP, Dos Santos PH, Castilho ACS, Pohler KG, Vasconcelos JLM. Progesterone dose during synchronization treatment alters luteinizing hormone receptor and steroidogenic enzyme mRNA abundances in granulosa cells of Nellore heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 225:106681. [PMID: 33421819 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate effects of progesterone (P4) dose on abundance of luteinizing hormone receptor (LHCGR), aromatase (CYP19A1), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B1), and other steroidogenic mRNA transcripts in granulosa cells from dominant follicles. Nellore heifers were assigned to one of six groups: new, first-use controlled internal drug release device (CIDR1) inserted for 5 days (Large-P4-dose-D5; n = 7) or 6 days (Large-P4-dose-D6; n = 8), prostaglandin (PG)F2α administered on D0 and 1 previously-used CIDR (CIDR3) inserted for 5 days (Small- P4-dose-D5; n = 8) or 6 days (Small-P4-dose-D6; n = 8), CIDR1 inserted on D0 and removed plus PGF2α on D5 (Large-P4-dose-proestrus (PE); n = 7), and CIDR3 and PGF2α on D0 and 1, CIDR3 removed plus PGF2α on D5 (Small-P4-dose-PE; n = 7). Duration of P4 treatment (D5 compared to D6) affected abundances of CYP19A1 mRNA transcripts, with there being greater abundances on D6 than D5 (P ≤ 0.05). Heifers treated with the large dose of P4 had a smaller dominant follicle, less serum and intra-follicular estradiol (E2) concentrations (P ≤ 0.05) and lesser LHCGR, CYP19A1, and HSD3B1 transcript abundances (P ≤ 0.05). Heifers treated to induce PE had a larger follicle diameter (P = 0.09), greater intra-follicular E2 concentrations and larger abundances of CYP19A1 mRNA transcript (P ≤ 0.05) than heifers of the D6 group. Overall, treatment with larger doses of P4 resulted in lesser abundances of LHCGR, HSD3B1, and CYP19A1 mRNA transcripts; thus, potentially leading to development of smaller dominant follicles and lesser E2 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Dias
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, 18168-000, Brazil
| | - R K Poole
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - J P Albuquerque
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, 18168-000, Brazil
| | - P H Dos Santos
- Institue of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, 18168-000, Brazil
| | - A C S Castilho
- University of Western São Paulo, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - K G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - J L M Vasconcelos
- Department of Animal Production, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, 18168-000, Brazil.
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37
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Cedeño AV, Cuervo R, Tríbulo A, Tríbulo R, Andrada S, Mapletoft R, Menchaca A, Bó GA. Effect of expression of estrus and treatment with GnRH on pregnancies per AI in beef cattle synchronized with an estradiol/progesterone-based protocol. Theriogenology 2020; 161:294-300. [PMID: 33370598 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Three experiments evaluated the effects of expression of estrus and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) treatment on pregnancies per AI (P/AI) in beef cattle that were treated with an estradiol/progesterone (P4)-based protocol for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). In Experiment 1, 20 non-lactating beef cows were treated with 2 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) and an intravaginal device containing 0.5 g of P4. Seven days later, P4 devices were removed and all cows received prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) and 0.5 mg estradiol cypionate (ECP). Estrus was detected using tail paint and cows that did not show estrus by 48 h after P4 device removal were randomized to receive GnRH or no treatment. Ovulation, as determined by ultrasonography, occurred earlier in cows that showed estrus (68.0 ± 2.5 h) than in cows that did not (82.0 ± 2.1 h, P < 0.05). Furthermore, cows that received GnRH ovulated earlier (78.0 ± 2.6 h) than those that did not (86.0 ± 2.0, P < 0.05). Experiment 2 determined whether expression of estrus and the administration of GnRH to animals that did not show estrus increased P/AI. Non-lactating beef cows and heifers (n = 1356) were treated as in Experiment 1 (P4 device removal, PGF2α and ECP administration on Day 7) or extended until Day 8. All animals in estrus by 48 h after P4 device removal were inseminated and those not showing estrus received GnRH or no treatment and were FTAI 8 h later (i.e., at 56 h). P/AI were greater (P < 0.01) in animals that were observed in estrus by 48 h (56.4%) than in those that did not show estrus (46.5%). Likewise, animals that did not show estrus but were treated with GnRH had greater P/AI (53.8%, P < 0.04) than those that did not receive GnRH (37.9%). Experiment 3 was designed to determine the effect of delaying GnRH treatment to the time of FTAI (at 56 h) in cows not showing estrus by 48 h after P4 device removal. Suckled beef cows (n = 969) were treated as in Experiment 1, except that all cows also received 400 IU of eCG at the time of P4 device removal on Day 7. Cows that showed estrus by 48 h or 56 h had greater P/AI (62.3%, P < 0.05) than those did not show estrus (51.5%). Furthermore, when cows that did not show estrus by 48 h were analyzed separately, P/AI were greater (P < 0.05) in those that received GnRH at 48 h and were FTAI by 56 h (64.9%) than in those that received GnRH concurrent with FTAI by 56 h after device removal (54.6%). In summary, expression of estrus was associated with earlier ovulations and resulted in greater P/AI in cows and heifers treated with an estradiol/P4-based protocol for FTAI. Furthermore, GnRH treatment in animals that did not show estrus hastened the time of ovulation and increased P/AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés V Cedeño
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Zona Rural General Paz, 5145, Córdoba, Argentina; Maestría en Reproducción Bovina, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biotecnología de La Reproducción Animal, Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela Superior Politécnica Agropecuaria de Manabí Manuel Félix López (ESPAM-MFL) Bolívar, Manabí, Ecuador
| | - Rodrigo Cuervo
- Maestría en Reproducción Bovina, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa Del Rosario, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés Tríbulo
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Zona Rural General Paz, 5145, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Tríbulo
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Zona Rural General Paz, 5145, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Salvador Andrada
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Zona Rural General Paz, 5145, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Reuben Mapletoft
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Alejo Menchaca
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal de Uruguay, IRAUy, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gabriel A Bó
- Instituto de Reproducción Animal Córdoba (IRAC), Zona Rural General Paz, 5145, Córdoba, Argentina; Maestría en Reproducción Bovina, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa Del Rosario, Córdoba, Argentina.
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38
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Oliveira Filho RV, Cooke RF, de Mello GA, Pereira VM, Vasconcelos JLM, Pohler KG. The effect of clitoral stimulation post artificial insemination on pregnancy rates of multiparous Bos indicus beef cows submitted to estradiol/progesterone-based estrus synchronization protocol. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5856330. [PMID: 32529208 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clitoral stimulation after artificial insemination (AI) in beef cattle is a common practice utilized by AI technicians; however, the effect of clitoral stimulation during fixed-time AI (TAI) is still unknown. The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate the effect of clitoral stimulation on temperament responses and pregnancy rates to TAI in Bos indicus beef cows. A total of 1,186 multiparous Nellore cows across three different locations were assigned to an estradiol/progesterone-based estrus synchronization + TAI protocol (day -11 to 0). Cows were randomly assigned to receive either 3 s of clitoral stimulation (n = 602) or no clitoral stimulation (n = 584) immediately after TAI (day 0). Cow body condition score (BCS) was recorded on day -11. Estrus expression was evaluated based on estrus detection visual aid patch activation on day 0 (estrus, ≥50% activated; no estrus, <50% activated). Temperament was assessed by individual chute score based on a 5-point scale before TAI, and individual exit velocity was measured after clitoral stimulation. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 30 d after TAI via transrectal ultrasonography. Pregnancy rate to TAI was positively affected by BCS (P < 0.01) and estrus expression (P = 0.03). Pregnancy rates of cows receiving clitoral stimulation did not differ (P = 0.39) from cows non-stimulated (47.5 ± 4.6% vs. 44.3 ± 4.6%, respectively). No interaction of clitoral stimulation and estrus expression was observed (P = 0.26). Chute score was positively correlated to exit velocity (P < 0.01; r = 0.29); however, clitoral stimulation did not affect exit velocity (P = 0.86). In summary, pregnancy rates to TAI are influenced by various factors and multiple strategies have the potential to increase the fertility of beef cows submitted to TAI; however, clitoral stimulation of Bos indicus beef cows did not improve TAI pregnancy rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro V Oliveira Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Gustavo A de Mello
- Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Pregnancy and Developmental Programming Area of Excellence, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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Silva Filho ML, Ferreira-Silva JC, Vieira JIT, Basto SRL, Chaves MS, Luz JB, Alves KS, Bartolomeu CC, Oliveira MAL. Influence of the male effect on follicular dynamics and pregnancy rate in lactating cows undergoing fixed-time artificial insemination. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Manuel Palomino J, Grand FX, Vigneault C, Blondin P, Sirard MA. Effects of follicular ablation and GnRH on synchronization of ovulation and conception rates in embryo recipient heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 221:106596. [PMID: 32942212 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were performed to determine effects of follicular ablation (FA) and GnRH treatment on conception rate and synchronization in timing of ovulation among Holstein heifers. In Experiment 1, heifers were randomly allocated to four groups: Control (n = 84): prostaglandin F2α (PGF) IM on Day 0; FA-5/GnRH (n = 43): FA 5 days before PGF and GnRH on Day 2; FA-4/GnRH (n = 48):FA 4 days before PGF and GnRH on Day 2; andFA-3/GnRH (n = 21): FA 3 days before PGF and GnRH on Day 2. Ultrasonography was performed to determine follicular size, ovulation occurrence, and size of CL. In Experiment 2, heifers were assigned to three groups: Control (n = 264), FA-5/GnRH, and FA-4/GnRH. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed at Days 30 and 60. In Experiment 1, size of largest follicle at time of PGF was less variable (P ≤ 0.05) in all FA groups compared to the Control group. With the FA-5/GnRH and FA-4/GnRH treatments, there were greater (P ≤ 0.05) proportions of timing of ovulation synchronization (86 % and 85 %, respectively) compared to the Control (61 %) and FA-3/GnRH (62 %) groups. In Experiment 2, conception rates did not differ among groups, however, there were more pregnancies per cow when timing-of-ovulation treatments were imposed. In conclusion, follicular ablation combined with GnRH treatment resulted in an increased proportion of heifers having synchronized ovulation and, therefore, number of recipient heifers available for embryo transfer. Additionally, there was no effect on conception rate when there was greater synchronization in timing of ovulation among heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Manuel Palomino
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Boviteq Inc., Saint Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
| | | | | | | | - Marc-André Sirard
- Département des sciences animales, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Epperson KM, Rich JJJ, Zoca SM, Northrop EJ, Perkins SD, Walker JA, Rhoades JR, Perry GA. Effect of progesterone supplementation in a resynchronization protocol on follicular dynamics and pregnancy success. Theriogenology 2020; 157:121-129. [PMID: 32810789 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the necessity of a controlled internal drug releasing device (CIDR) in a fixed-time AI resynchronization protocol as well as to compare a commercially available blood pregnancy test with transrectal ultrasonography for Day 28 pregnancy detection. Over a two-year period, beef cows and heifers from twelve herds were inseminated using the 7-day CO-Synch + CIDR protocol. On Day 21 following the first insemination, the protocol was repeated, with animals receiving either a CIDR or no CIDR. Pregnancy status (AI1) was determined on Day 28 by both transrectal ultrasonography and the IDEXX Rapid Visual Pregnancy Test. Non-pregnant animals by both methods (CIDR: n = 190 cows, n = 228 heifers; no CIDR: n = 185 cows, n = 223 heifers) received an injection of Prostaglandin F2alpha and were inseminated at the appropriate time or bred following detection of estrus. Corpora lutea (CL) number and largest follicle diameter were recorded on a subset of non-pregnant animals (CIDR: n = 66 cows, n = 46 heifers; no CIDR: n = 76 cows, n = 41 heifers) at time of pregnancy diagnosis on Day 28. Final pregnancy status was determined a minimum of 31 days following the second AI (AI2). The GLIMMIX procedure of SAS was utilized for estrus and pregnancy data; while the MIXED procedure was utilized for analyses of CL number and largest follicle diameter. There was no effect (P ≥ 0.55) of treatment on AI1 pregnancy, AI2 pregnancy, or overall pregnancy rates. The presence of a CIDR during the resynchronization increased (P < 0.001) estrus expression prior to AI2. There was an effect of treatment by age on AI2 pregnancy (P < 0.01); heifers that received a CIDR had greater AI2 pregnancy rates than heifers that did not receive a CIDR (P = 0.04), but there was no difference between cows with and without a CIDR. Treatment had no effect (P > 0.10) on embryonic loss (between the first and second pregnancy diagnosis), CL number, or follicle diameter. Although, there was a tendency for the interaction of treatment by age on follicle size (P = 0.07), with cows having larger follicles than heifers in the no CIDR group but not the CIDR group. In conclusion, use of a CIDR in this resynchronization protocol increased estrus expression, increased AI2 pregnancy for heifers, but did not improve pregnancies in cows, and did not influence overall pregnancy or embryonic loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M Epperson
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Jerica J J Rich
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | | | - Emmalee J Northrop
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Stephanie D Perkins
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Julie A Walker
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | | | - George A Perry
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA.
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Noronha IM, Cooke RF, Martins CFG, Oliveira Filho RV, Pohler KG, Vasconcelos JLM. Administering an additional prostaglandin F 2α injection to Bos indicus beef cows during a treatment regimen for fixed-time artificial insemination. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 219:106535. [PMID: 32828410 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate if an additional prostaglandin F2α (PG) injection during an estradiol-based estrous synchronization treatment regimen affects pregnancy rates resulting from fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in Nelore cows. In Experiment 1, 1039 cows were administered estradiol benzoate and an intravaginal progesterone releasing device (CIDR) on d -11, an injection of PG on d -4, with CIDR removal and administration of estradiol cypionate and eCG occurring on d -2, and FTAI on d 0. Cows were administered an additional injection of PG (PG2) or saline (PG1) on d -2. Percentage pregnancy per FTAI on d 30 was greater (P = 0.01) in cows of the PG2 than PG1 group (54.5 % and 46.6 %, respectively). In Experiment 2, there was use of the same treatment regimen for estrous synchronization of 934 cows as that for Experiment 1 followed by FTAI, with there being diagnosis of whether cows had or did not have a corpus luteum on d -4. Response to estrous synchronization, largest follicle diameter at FTAI, and pregnancy per FTAI were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in cows of the PG2 than PG1 group with a body condition score (BCS) < 5.0 at FTAI (81.2 % and 72.6 %, 11.9 and 11.2 mm, 55.5 and 45.6 %; respectively). These treatment responses did not differ (P ≥ 0.18) in cows with BCS ≥ 5.0. Collectively, results indicate that treatment with PG2 increased pregnancy per FTAI in B. indicus cows deficient in body energy reserves, by enhancing follicle development and estrous synchronization response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella M Noronha
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18168-000, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA.
| | | | | | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA
| | - José L M Vasconcelos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18168-000, Brazil.
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Effects of twice daily compared with split-time estrous detection on pregnancy percentage in recipient beef cows. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 219:106526. [PMID: 32828401 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives were to compare pregnancy percentages per embryo transfer (P/ET) in recipient beef cows following twice daily compared with split-time estrous detection and to determine associations of dominant follicle diameter, CL volume and progesterone concentrations. All cows (n = 695) were treated to synchronize time of estrus among cows using a CIDR + Select-Synch treatment regimen and randomly assigned to twice-daily or split-time estrous detection (CS-DEET or CS-SEET, respectively). Cows in the CS-DEET group were observed twice daily (eight times) for estrus until 96 h after the time of PGF2α administration, whereas cows in the CS-SEET group were observed twice (64 and 84 h after PGF2α). In 280 recipient cows, blood sampling (for progesterone) and ultrasonographic assessment of dominant follicle diameter were conducted 48 h after the time of PGF2α administration. At 7 d after estrus, the CL was imaged and there was transfer of a frozen-thawed embryo into cows with a CL ≥ 1.5 cm. There were positive correlations between follicle diameter and CL volume (rs = 0.827; P < 0.001) and CL volume and progesterone concentration (rs = 0.680; P < 0.001). Progesterone and CL volume differed between cows in CS-SEET and CS-DEET groups P < 0.05), however, percentage P/ET for cows in the CS-SEET and CS-DEET groups did not differ (P > 0.1). Dominant follicle diameter, CL volume and progesterone concentrations were greater in pregnant compared with nonpregnant cows. In conclusion, percentage P/ET did not differ when there was twice daily and split-time estrous detection highlighting the value of this approach in beef enterprises.
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de Lima RS, Martins T, Lemes KM, Binelli M, Madureira EH. Effect of a puberty induction protocol based on injectable long acting progesterone on pregnancy success of beef heifers serviced by TAI. Theriogenology 2020; 154:128-134. [PMID: 32603989 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Induction protocols based on progesterone (P4) are used prior to a synchronization program for timed-AI (TAI) to increase number of pubertal heifers and pregnancy per AI (P/AI). Injectable, long-lasting P4 (iP4) is a novel, practical method to supplement P4 in cattle. Here, we aimed to test the effect of an induction protocol based on a single injection of iP4 on P/AI of heifers. Bos indicus (Nellore) heifers were classified as pubertal (PUB; n = 224) or prepubertal (PRE; n = 414) based on two ovarian ultrasonographyc exams conducted 10 d apart. Heifers with a corpus luteum (CL) in any of the exams were considered PUB. Within each puberty status, heifers were assigned to receive nothing (NoiP4) or an induction protocol (iP4). Induction consisted of a single injection of 150 mg of iP4 on D-31, followed by injections of 1 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) and 150 μg of prostaglandin analogue (PGF) on D-21. On D-9, all heifers received 2 mg of EB + 75 μg of PGF associated to intravaginal P4-device insertion. On D-3, P4-releasing devices were removed and 150 μg of PGF injected. Heifers were inseminated based on estrus on D-1 or were TAI on D0. On D0, all heifers received a dose of GnRH analogue. On D-21, iP4 treatment stimulated a 50% increase in the uterine score (UTS) and a 19% increase in the diameter of the largest follicle of PRE heifers (P < 0.01). On D-9, PRE|iP4 group had a greater proportion (P < 0.01) of CL (63.3%) than PRE|NoiP4 group (11.6%). On D-3, exposure to 6 d P4-releasing device stimulated UTS of PRE|NoiP4 group in a similar fashion than the induction protocol, but it did not have any additional positive effect for PRE|iP4 heifers. P/AI of PRE|iP4 group was similar to that of the PUB groups (44.7 vs 46.9%), but was more than that of PRE|NoiP4 (34.2%). There was an overall 7.7% increment (P = 0.07) on P/AI of iP4 treated heifers (iP4: 46.0% vs. NoiP4: 38.3%). In conclusion, implementation of an induction protocol based on iP4 was efficacious to hasten puberty. Induction stimulated uterine development and follicular growth of prepubertal heifers, ultimately leading to pregnancy success similar to that of pubertal heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S de Lima
- Empresa Matogrossense de Pesquisa, Assistência e Extensão Rural (EMPAER), Pontes e Lacerda, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - T Martins
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - K M Lemes
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health do Brasil LTDA, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Binelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - E H Madureira
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Pinto HF, Missio D, Dos Santos Brum D, Carloto GW, Martini AP, Pessoa GA, Neto NA, Claro I, Sá Filho MF, Leivas FG. Decreasing the dose of equine chorionic gonadotropin does not affect ovarian or pregnancy responses of purebred taurine and crossbred beef heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 218:106474. [PMID: 32507255 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study there was evaluation of effects of different doses of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG: 200, 300, or 400 IU) administrated at progesterone (P4) plus estradiol-based timed AI (TAI). A total of 1080 heifers were included in the study. There was insertion of the intravaginal P4-device plus administration of 2 mg of estradiol benzoate IM. On D7, 12.5 mg of dinoprost tromethamine IM was administered and on D9, the P4 insert was removed and 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate IM was administered. Heifers were categorized according to Reproductive Tract Status (RTS; 1-5) and were assigned to one of three treatments: 200 IU (n = 387), 300 IU (n = 357), or 400 IU (n = 336) of eCG. Estrous occurrence was evaluated at TAI 48 h later (D11). A subset of heifers (n = 213) had the largest follicle (LF) evaluated on D9 and on D11, and the formation of a new CL evaluated on D18.There was no effect of eCG treatment on LF on D11 (P = 0.79), occurrence of estrus (P = 0.92), and pregnancy at 30 days after AI (P/AI; 52.2%, 49.8%, and 51.5% for 200 IU, 300 IU, and 400 IU, respectively; P = 0.46). Regardless of the treatment, there was a greater P/AI when heifers had a functional CL, at initiation of the estrous synchronization treatment regimen. It, therefore, is efficacious to reduce the dose of eCG to 300 or 200 IU in purebred taurine and crossbred beef heifers without negative effects on ovarian, estrous or pregnancy responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirya Fernandes Pinto
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Lab. Biotecnologia da Reprodução (BIOTECH), Rod. BR 472, Km 587, Cx. Postal 118, 97.500-970, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniele Missio
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Lab. Biotecnologia da Reprodução (BIOTECH), Rod. BR 472, Km 587, Cx. Postal 118, 97.500-970, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela Dos Santos Brum
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Lab. Biotecnologia da Reprodução (BIOTECH), Rod. BR 472, Km 587, Cx. Postal 118, 97.500-970, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Giovane W Carloto
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Lab. Biotecnologia da Reprodução (BIOTECH), Rod. BR 472, Km 587, Cx. Postal 118, 97.500-970, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Martini
- Embryolab - Laboratório de Embriologia Animal, Departamento de Clínica de Grandes Animais-DCGA, Centro de Ciências Rurais - CCR, Universidade Federal Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilson Antônio Pessoa
- Embryolab - Laboratório de Embriologia Animal, Departamento de Clínica de Grandes Animais-DCGA, Centro de Ciências Rurais - CCR, Universidade Federal Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Izaias Claro
- Zoetis Indústria De Produtos Veterinários Ltda, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio Gallas Leivas
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Lab. Biotecnologia da Reprodução (BIOTECH), Rod. BR 472, Km 587, Cx. Postal 118, 97.500-970, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
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Berg HF, Heringstad B, Alm-Kristiansen AH, Kvale VG, Dragset KI, Waldmann A, Ropstad E, Kommisrud E. Ovarian follicular response to oestrous synchronisation and induction of ovulation in Norwegian Red cattle. Acta Vet Scand 2020; 62:16. [PMID: 32164737 PMCID: PMC7068941 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-020-00514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oestrous synchronisation of cattle has been widely applied to accomplish simultaneous ovulation in animals and facilitate timed artificial insemination. The main aim of this study was to investigate the ovarian follicular growth and ovulatory response to oestrus and ovulation synchronisation in Norwegian Red heifers and cows. Oestrous cycles in 34 heifers and 10 cows from 4 herds were synchronised with two PGF2α analogue treatments 11 days apart, followed by GnRH analogue treatment for induction of ovulation. Thereafter, the ovaries were examined by ultrasonography at 3 h intervals until ovulation. RESULTS The luteolytic effect of the PGF2α analogue was verified in 9 of 10 cows by progesterone contents in milk. Maximum physical activity of the cows occurred on average 69 h after PGF2α analogue treatment. An ovulatory response was recorded in 95.5% (42/44) of the animals. A significant difference in follicle size at ovulation was found between 2 of the herds. Animals with medium sized and large follicles and heifers aged > 16 months ovulated earlier than other animals. CONCLUSIONS The applied sequence of treatments in the study was shown to be effective in synchronizing and inducing ovulation within a relatively narrow time interval in the Norwegian Red heifers and cows, consistent with findings in other cattle breeds.
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Guo R, Chen F, Mei C, Dai Z, Yan L, Shi Z. Conception Rate and Reproductive Hormone Secretion in Holstein Cows Immunized against Inhibin and Subjected to the Ovsynch Protocol. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10020313. [PMID: 32079231 PMCID: PMC7070342 DOI: 10.3390/ani10020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent decades, conception rates in lactating dairy cows have dramatically decreased, and improving the conception rate has become a major challenge in dairy cow reproduction. Various Ovsynch protocols have been developed to aid in the resumption of ovarian follicular activity for timely breeding in post-partum cows. However, the effect of Ovsynch protocols on improving the conception rate is unsatisfactory. In addition, immunization against inhibin was reported to improve the fertility of domestic animals. Thus, a novel reproductive technique combining immunization against inhibin and the widely used Ovsynch protocol was proposed and tested in this study. Our results showed that immunization against inhibin has the potential to improve conception rates in cows, but also compromised luteal function. According to these results, additional luteal-stimulating treatments are suggested to further improve cow fertility based on immunization and the Ovsynch protocol. Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of improving fertility in dairy cows via immunization against inhibin. Thirty-two cows were divided into Control (n = 11), Low-dose (n = 10) and High-dose (n = 11) groups. The High-dose and Low-dose cows were treated with 1 and 0.5 mg of the inhibin immunogen, respectively. All the cows were subjected to the Ovsynch protocol from the day of antigen administration and were artificially inseminated. Blood samples were serially collected over a 24-day period from the start of the Ovsynch protocol to 14 days after insemination. The results showed that immunization against inhibin dose-dependently increased the plasma concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), and activin A, but decreased progesterone (P4) concentrations in the luteal phase. Immunization also increased the plasma interferon (IFN)-τ concentrations in pregnant cows on day 14 after initial insemination. The conception rates in High-dose (45.5%) and Low-dose (40%) cows marginally increased compared to that in Control cows (27.3%), but the increases were not significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, a single immunization against inhibin has the potential to improve conception rates, despite impaired luteal development. To further improve the reproductive performance of dairy cows, additional luteal-stimulating treatments are suggested in combination with immunization against inhibin and Ovsynch techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihong Guo
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (R.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (R.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Cheng Mei
- Dongying Austasia Modern Dairy Farm Co., Ltd., Dongying 257345, China;
| | - Zicun Dai
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (R.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Leyan Yan
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (R.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Zhendan Shi
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (R.G.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Oosthuizen N, Fontes PLP, Porter K, Lamb GC. Presynchronization with prostaglandin F 2α and prolonged exposure to exogenous progesterone impacts estrus expression and fertility in beef heifers. Theriogenology 2020; 146:88-93. [PMID: 32062494 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To determine the effects of two presynchronization strategies in conjunction with delayed fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) on pregnancy rates to TAI (PR/AI), 1700 Angus beef heifers at three locations in South Dakota were enrolled in a completely randomized design with a 2 by 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Within location, all heifers were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: 1) PG54 (n = 434), heifers were administered prostaglandin F2α (PGF; 25 mg im) 7 d prior [Day -14] to the initiation of the 7-d CO-Synch + controlled internal drug releasing (CIDR) protocol wherein they received gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 100 μg im) and a CIDR insert on Day -7, PGF at CIDR removal on Day 0, and a second injection of GnRH concurrently with TAI 54 ± 2 h later; 2) PG72 (n = 426), heifers were exposed to the same treatment as PG54, however, TAI was performed 72 ± 2 h after CIDR removal; 3) PG-CIDR54 (n = 422), same as PG54 but heifers received a CIDR insert on Day -14 rather than Day -7, in addition to PGF administration; 4) PG-CIDR72 (n = 418), same as PG-CIDR54, however, TAI was performed 72 ± 2 h after CIDR removal. Estrus detection patches were applied to all heifers on Day 0 and were evaluated for activation at TAI. Pregnancy was diagnosed via transrectal ultrasonography between 30 and 47 d after TAI. The percentage of heifers exhibiting estrus between Day 0 and TAI was greater (P < 0.01) in the PG72, PG-CIDR54, and PG-CIDR72 treatments compared to the PG54 treatment (78.11, 86.59, and 91.09 vs. 31.05%, respectively). Furthermore, estrus response was greater (P < 0.01) in PG-CIDR72 heifers when compared to PG72. Pregnancy rates to TAI differed among treatments and were greater (P < 0.05) in the PG72 and PG-CIDR54 treatments when compared to PG-CIDR72 (48.8 and 50.4 vs. 38.4%, respectively), and were greater (P = 0.03) in PG-CIDR54 vs. PG54 (43.1%). Moreover, a tendency (P = 0.10) was determined on PR/AI between PG54 and PG72. In conclusion, presynchronization strategies and prolonged exposure to exogenous progesterone have the potential to alter estrus expression and improve fertility in replacement beef heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Oosthuizen
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA
| | - P L P Fontes
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - K Porter
- Kleinsasser-Porter Veterinary Service, Huron, SD, 57350, USA
| | - G C Lamb
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA.
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49
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Oosthuizen N, Cooke RF, Schubach KM, Fontes PLP, Brandão AP, Oliveira Filho RV, Colombo EA, Franco GA, Reese S, Pohler KG, Lamb GC. Effects of estrous expression and intensity of behavioral estrous symptoms on variables associated with fertility in beef cows treated for fixed-time artificial insemination. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 214:106308. [PMID: 32087921 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of estrous expression and intensity of behavioral estrous expression, assessed by evaluating physical activity, on variables associated with fertility in beef cows. The following treatment regimen was imposed on lactating, multiparous cows (n = 273): 100-μg injection of GnRH and an intravaginal progesterone (P4) releasing device (CIDR) administered on d -10, 25-mg injection of prostaglandin F2α at CIDR removal on d -3, and another GnRH injection + fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) 60-66 h following CIDR removal (d 0). Cows were fitted with a pedometer on d -10, and an estrous detection patch on the tail-head on d -3. Cows were classified as not expressing estrus (NOESTR) or expressing estrus with net physical activity greater (HIESTR) or less than the median (LWESTR). Only data from cows responsive to the estrous synchronization treatment regimen were utilized (NOESTR, n = 119; LWESTR, n = 50; HIESTR, n = 50). Diameter of dominant follicles on d 0 and corpus luteum volume on d 7 were greater in HIESTR compared with LWESTR and NOESTR groups (P < 0.01). Plasma P4 concentrations on d 7 and pregnancy rates to TAI were greater in HIESTR and LWESTR than the NOESTR group (P < 0.01). Hence, if there was estrous expression during the period of the GnRH-based TAI treatment regimen, there were greater pregnancy rates to TAI, whereas when there was greater intensity of behavioral estrous symptoms, there were larger dominant follicles and corpora lutea dimensions but not greater pregnancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Oosthuizen
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, United States
| | - Reinaldo F Cooke
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, United States.
| | - Kelsey M Schubach
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, United States
| | - Pedro L P Fontes
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, United States
| | - Alice P Brandão
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, United States
| | - Ramiro V Oliveira Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, United States
| | - Eduardo A Colombo
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, United States
| | - Gessica A Franco
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, United States
| | - Sydney Reese
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, United States
| | - Ky G Pohler
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, United States
| | - G Cliff Lamb
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, United States
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Perry GA, Cushman RA, Perry BL, Schiefelbein AK, Northrop EJ, Rich JJJ, Perkins SD. Role of preovulatory concentrations of estradiol on timing of conception and regulation of the uterine environment in beef cattle. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2019; 66:12-25. [PMID: 31813287 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2019.1695979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The ability to induce ovulation with an injection of GnRH facilitated the development of fixed-time artificial insemination (AI) protocols. However, animals that exhibit estrus prior to fixed-time AI have greater pregnancy success. Thus, the objectives of the present experiments were to determine the impact of estrus expression prior to fixed-time AI on timing of conception and to characterize the role of preovulatory estradiol in regulating changes in expression of uterine genes. In experiment 1, data were collected from 4,499 beef cows inseminated by fixed-time AI in 31 different herds. Animals that did not conceive to AI but exhibited estrus before timed-AI were more likely to conceive during cycle 1 after AI, and overall conceived earlier in the breeding season compared to animals that did not exhibit estrus. In experiment 2, beef cows were synchronized using a fixed-time AI protocol. Uterine horn biopsies and blood samples were collected on Day 0, 5, 10, or 16. Concentrations of estradiol on Day 0 did not influence expression of progesterone receptor, ER beta, or oxytocin receptor. Increased concentrations of estradiol on Day 0 increased expression of ER alpha from Days 0 to 5 of the estrous cycle. Furthermore, cows with increased concentrations of estradiol on Day 0 had increased expression of inhibin beta A, and uterine milk protein precursor. Thus, animals that do not exhibit estrus prior to fixed-time AI had decreased breeding season pregnancy success and conceived later in the breeding season, and preovulatory concentrations of estradiol likely play a major role in this establishment of pregnancy, not only directly by regulating uterine gene expression, but also indirectly throughout the subsequent estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Perry
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | | | - Brandi L Perry
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | | | - Emmalee J Northrop
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Jerica J J Rich
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Stephanie D Perkins
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
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