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Invited Review: Rise of craft breweries in the southeastern USA increases supplement availability for beef cattle. APPLIED ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.15232/aas.2022-02315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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R. Huenchullan P, Vidal S, Larraín R, Saénz L. Effectiveness of a New Recombinant antiGnRH Vaccine for Immunocastration in Bulls. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051359. [PMID: 34064713 PMCID: PMC8151010 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Castration of males is a common procedure in cattle production. Surgical procedures are most commonly used, but there is an increasing interest in non-invasive alternatives to avoid risk of infection, bleeding, pain, stress and to improve animal welfare. Immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone is currently being used in livestock, but there is only one commercially available vaccine for cattle and results regarding the number of doses needed to maintain castration are variable. The efficacy, safety, and production parameters of a new antigen for immunocastration in bulls was assessed. Results showed that two doses of the vaccine to 40 10-month-old bulls achieved testosterone suppression below productive performance. Live weight at slaughter and carcass yield was greater in immunized animals than in surgically castrated cattle. Castration effects of the vaccine were maintained until the end of the trial at 24 weeks. Abstract Castration by surgical techniques is common in livestock; however, post-surgery complications and concerns for animal wellbeing have created a need for new non-invasive alternatives. The objective of this study was to evaluate immunocastration in bulls using antigen GnRX G/Q; a recombinant peptide proved to be effective in laboratory and companion animals. A nine-month trial with 80 9-month-old Normand x Hereford bulls, kept in a pastured system, was conducted. The herd was divided in half with 40 bulls surgically castrated (SC) and 40 castrated by immunization against GnRH (IC). The antigen was injected on days 0 and 40 of the experiment. After the second dose, the IC group had elevated GnRH antibodies and decreased testosterone levels (below 5 ng/mL) that were maintained for 23 weeks. At slaughter on day 190, the immunocastrated group obtained a higher weight, hot carcass, and dressing percentage than the SC group. There was no difference in pH, color of meat, fat coverage, cooking loss, or tenderness between groups. The bulls showed no inflammatory reaction at the injection site or adverse side effects from the vaccine. Our results demonstrate that immunocastration with GnRX G/Q is an efficient and safe alternative to surgical castration in livestock. Additional work evaluating antigen effects over a longer period is needed to validate commercial viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R. Huenchullan
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile;
| | - Sonia Vidal
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile;
| | - Rafael Larraín
- Departamento de Ciencias Animales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal de la Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Leonardo Saénz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccines, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile;
- Correspondence:
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Zhao MD, Di LF, Tang ZY, Jiang W, Li CY. Effect of tannins and cellulase on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood profiles, intestinal morphology and carcass characteristics in Hu sheep. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 32:1540-1547. [PMID: 31010984 PMCID: PMC6718903 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of tannins and cellulase on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, intestinal morphology, and carcass characteristics in Hu sheep. Methods A total of 48 three-month-old meat Hu sheep (25.05±0.9 kg) were blocked based on body weight, and randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 3 replicates of 4 sheep each. The experiment lasted for 80 d, and dietary treatments were as follows: i) CON, control diet; ii) TAN, CON+0.1% tannins; iii) CEL, CON+0.1% cellulase; iv) TAN+CEL, CON+0.1% tannins and 0.1% cellulase. Results Compared with CON, CEL, and TAN+CEL had greater (p<0.05) final body weight (FBW) and average daily gain but lower (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio, while FBW of TAN+ CEL was lower (p<0.05) than that of CEL. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter in TAN, CEL, and TAN+CEL groups were higher (p<0.05) than that in CON. CEL and TAN+CEL groups had greater (p<0.05) ATTD of crude fiber compared with TAN and CON, while TAN group had lower (p<0.05) ATTD of crude protein than other treatments. TAN, CEL, and TAN+CEL groups increased (p<0.05) serum globulin and alkaline phosphatase but decreased (p<0.05) albumin/globulin. Serum total protein was greatest for TAN+CEL, intermediate for TAN and CEL and least for CON (p<0.05). TAN+CEL group increased (p<0.05) dressing percentage compared with CON, while the backfat thickness of CEL was lower (p<0.05) than that of CON. The villus height of jejunum and ileum in CEL and TAN+CEL groups were greater (p<0.05) than that in CON, and the crypt depth and villus height: crypt depth of jejunum were increased (p<0.05) in TAN, CEL, and TAN+CEL groups. Conclusion The addition of tannins and cellulase together promoted nutrient digestion, liver protein synthesis and intestinal development and thus improved growth performance and carcass characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Jilin 133002, China
| | - L F Di
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Jilin 133002, China
| | - Z Y Tang
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Jilin 133002, China
| | - W Jiang
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Jilin 133002, China
| | - C Y Li
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College of Yanbian University, Jilin 133002, China.,Innovation Center of Beef Cattle Science and Industry Technology, Yanbian University, Jilin 133002, China
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Sun H, Gao T, Zhong R, Fang Y, Di G, Zhou D. Effects of corn replacement by sorghum in diets on performance, nutrient utilization, blood parameters, antioxidant status, and meat colour stability in lambs. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2017-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to compare growth performance, nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation, blood parameters, antioxidant status, and meat colour stability of lambs fed diets that partially or completely substituted corn with sorghum. Twenty-four male German merino weaned lambs (16.19 ± 2.05 kg body weight) were divided into four treatments in a completely randomized design. The diets for four treatments contained 450 g kg−1 of ground corn (C), 300 + 150 g kg−1 of ground corn and sorghum (CSM1), 150 + 300 g kg−1 of ground corn and sorghum (CSM2) and 450 g kg−1 ground sorghum (S); all diets consisted of 70% concentrated feed and 30% Leymus chinensis hay. The lambs were fed the experimental diets for 56 d. Inclusion of sorghum tended to increase average daily weight gain and total gain (P = 0.06), and lower feed conversion ratio (P = 0.10). Significant increase in nitrogen (N) intake and fecal N excretion was observed after substitution of corn with sorghum, and the apparent digestibility of crude protein was significantly reduced. Concentrations of ammonia N in rumen fluid were affected by treatment (P = 0.01) and an interaction (P < 0.01) between treatment and sampling time. No significant effects were found on blood parameters among treatments. Replacement of corn with sorghum significantly decreased b* (yellowness) values of meat during storage. Sorghum instead of corn is feasible in lamb diets, and it has positive effects on the lamb growth and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.X. Sun
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, People’s Republic of China
| | - T.S. Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People’s Republic of China
| | - R.Z. Zhong
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Y. Fang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, People’s Republic of China
| | - G.L. Di
- Institute of Pratacultural Sciences of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, People’s Republic of China
| | - D.W. Zhou
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, People’s Republic of China
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Wang C, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo WJ, Zhang YL, Pei CX, Zhang SL, Yang WZ, Wang H. Effects of substituting corn with steam-flaked sorghum on growth, digestion and blood metabolites in young cattle fed feedlot diets. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an16265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of substituting ground corn grain with steam-flaked sorghum (SFS) grain on growth performance, nutrient utilisation and blood metabolites in beef bulls. Fifty-six Simmental beef bulls averaging 12 months of age and 356.4 ± 2.6 kg of bodyweight were randomly assigned to four groups. The treatments were control, low-SFS, medium-SFS and high–SFS, with 0, 1/3, 2/3 and 3/3 SFS grain, respectively, substituting ground corn grain of diets(dry matter (DM) basis). Diets consisted of 50% corn silage and 50% concentrate (DM basis). The average daily gain and feed conversion rate improved quadratically with increasing the proportion of SFS grain. Ruminal pH and ammonia-nitrogen (N) concentration decreased quadratically, whereas ruminal total volatile fatty acid concentration increased quadratically. Ratio of acetate to propionate decreased quadratically (P = 0.027) due to the quadratic decrease in acetate production and the quadratic increase in propionate production. Digestibilities of DM, organic matter and crude protein increased quadratically, whereas that of neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre decreased quadratically. The digestible N, retention N and the retention N to digestible N ratio improved quadratically. Inclusion of SFS grain in diets quadratically increased blood concentrations of glucose, total protein, albumin and triglyceride, but quadratically decreased the concentration of urea N. The results indicated that partly substituting ground corn grain with SFS grain could improve growth performance by improving ruminal fermentation and N utilisation; the optimum substitution rate was 2/3 (DM basis).
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Ebert PJ, Bailey EA, Shreck AL, Jennings JS, Cole NA. Effect of condensed tannin extract supplementation on growth performance, nitrogen balance, gas emissions, and energetic losses of beef steers. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:1345-1355. [PMID: 28380542 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Condensed tannins (CT) may decrease greenhouse gas emissions and alter the site of N excreted by ruminants. We evaluated the effect of top-dressing a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet (14.4% CP and NEg 1.47 Mcal/kg) for beef cattle with a commercially available CT extract at 3 levels (0, 0.5, and 1.0% of diet, DM basis). Angus-crossbred steers ( = 27; 350 ± 32 kg initial BW) were individually fed via Calan gates for 126 d. Diet digestibility and N balance were estimated after 34 and 95 d on feed (Phase 1 and Phase 2, respectively) using titanium dioxide as a marker of fecal output and the creatinine:BW ratio as a marker for urine output. Ruminal CH and metabolic CO fluxes were measured using a GreenFeed system (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD) for 2 sampling periods that coincided with fecal and urine sampling. Urine energy loss was estimated from urine N excretion, assuming all excreted N was urea. Oxygen consumption was estimated from CO production assuming a respiratory quotient of 1.05. Average daily gain (2.08, 2.14, and 2.08 kg/d for 0, 0.5, and 1.0% CT, respectively) and G:F did not differ ( = 0.88) among treatments. Starch intake and OM intake did not differ ( ≥ 0.42) among treatments during each phase. Apparent total tract starch digestibility during Phase 1 linearly decreased ( = 0.04) with inclusion of CT. Apparent total tract digestibility of OM and starch were not different among treatments ( ≥ 0.13) during Phase 2. Nitrogen intake did not differ ( ≥ 0.16) among treatments during each phase, but fecal N excretion linearly increased ( = 0.05) with inclusion of CT during Phase 1. Urinary N excretion was not different ( ≥ 0.39) among treatments during both phases, but urinary N as a proportion of total N excretion linearly decreased ( = 0.01) when CT was included in the diet during Phase 1. Retained N was not different ( ≥ 0.27) among treatments during each phase. Fluxes of CO were similar ( ≥ 0.37) among treatments during both phases. No differences ( ≥ 0.23) were observed for percentage of GE intake lost as CH (2.99, 3.12, and 3.09% in Phase 1 and 3.54, 3.55, and 4.35% in Phase 2) for 0, 0.5, and 1.0% CT, respectively. No difference ( ≥ 0.42) was observed for heat production lost as a percent of GE intake during both phases. Growth performance, gas emissions, and energetic losses were not affected by the inclusion CT in a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet.
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Tseng SH, Chen LG, Lai YJ, Wang KT, Wang CC. Effects of different forages on the chemical compositions and antiosteoporotic activities of velvet antlers. Anim Sci J 2015; 87:989-96. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hui Tseng
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Orthopedics Research Center; Taipei Medical University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Lih-Geeng Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences; National Chiayi University; Chiayi Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jang Lai
- Department of Food Science; National Quemoy University; Kinmen County Taiwan
| | - Kun-Teng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- Orthopedics Research Center; Taipei Medical University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
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Froutan E, Azizi O, Sadeghi G, Fatehi F, Lashkari S. Effects of different concentrations of ground oak acorn on growth performance, blood parameters and carcass characteristics of goat kids. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/an13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of ground oak acorn on growth performance, blood parameters and carcass characteristics. Twenty-four goat kids averaging 16.93 ± 1.25 kg initial bodyweight were randomly assigned to four experimental diets in a completely randomised design for 90 days. The experimental diets consisted of (1) 0% oak acorn (control), (2) 8% oak acorn, (3) 17% oak acorn and (4) 25% oak acorn on a DM basis. The goats were slaughtered after 105 days of feeding and carcass characteristics were measured. DM intake increased linearly in small amounts as the level of acorn in the diet increased (P < 0.004). The results showed that average daily gain, water intake and feed conversion ratio were unaffected by levels of ground oak acorn (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in blood parameters (P > 0.05). Carcass fat depth and abdominal fat weight decreased with increasing ground oak acorn in the diet. Other carcass characteristics were not affected by different levels of ground oak acorn. On the basis of the results of the present study, it may be concluded that ground oak acorn can be used up to 25% in the diets of young goats without any adverse effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics. At this level of acorns, the goats received low concentrations of hydrolysable tannins (11 g/kg DM) in their diet.
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