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Significance of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as a feed resource towards small-ruminant animal production in Southern Africa: a review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:106. [PMID: 35178601 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sesamum indicum (sesame) is a small seed legume, which is of nutritional and medicinal value to livestock. Sesame is a legume with positive attributes that include drought tolerance (owing to its extensive rooting system), low input demand for growth, and reduction of soil nematodes (in crop rotation systems). Attention in research has been shifted towards usage of sesame as human food to exploitation as livestock feed because of its high levels in crude protein (CP), minerals, amino acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). However, it is underutilized as a livestock feed resource in Southern Africa. In recent years, there has been increasing interest to cultivate the crop in Southern African countries through non-governmental organizations (NGOs) initiatives. The focus of such initiatives has been mainly production without value addition of the seed. At present in Southern Africa, widespread adoption of feeding strategies based on sesame has been restricted mainly due to lack of knowledge on production, marketing and value addition, availability of the seed, and technology adoption. Technology adoption is often limited specifically when oil extraction is considered, where by-products such as the meal are useful in animal production. This paper reviews the potential use of sesame to improve growth rates, feed intake, carcass qualities, meat quality, milk quality, milk yield, and blood metabolite levels of small ruminants. Production potential, economic feasibility, and strategies of using sesame in small-ruminant feeding programs are also outlined.
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2
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Alves SP, Vahmani P, Mapiye C, McAllister TA, Bessa RJB, Dugan MER. Trans-10 18:1 in ruminant meats: A review. Lipids 2021; 56:539-562. [PMID: 34608647 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Trans (t) fatty acids (TFA) from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (i.e., industrial trans) have been phased out of foods in many countries due to their promotion of cardiovascular disease. This leaves ruminant-derived foods as the main source of TFA. Unlike industrial TFA where catalytic hydrogenation yields a broad distribution of isomers, ruminant TFA are enzymatically derived and can result in enrichment of specific isomers. Comparisons between industrial and ruminant TFA have often exonerated ruminant TFA due to their lack or at times positive effects on health. At extremes, however, ruminant-sourced foods can have either high levels of t10- or t11-18:1, and when considering enriched sources, t10-18:1 has properties similar to industrial TFA, whereas t11-18:1 can be converted to an isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (cis(c)9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid), both of which have potential positive health effects. Increased t10-18:1 in meat-producing ruminants has not been associated with negative effects on live animal production or meat quality. As such, reducing t10-18:1 has not been of immediate concern to ruminant meat producers, as there have been no economic consequences for its enrichment; nevertheless at high levels, it can compromise the nutritional quality of beef and lamb. In anticipation that regulations regarding TFA may focus more on t10-18:1 in beef and lamb, the present review will cover its production, analysis, biological effects, strategies for manipulation, and regulatory policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana P Alves
- CIISA, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Payam Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cletos Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Agricuture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rui J B Bessa
- CIISA, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada
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3
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Ferrinho AM, Nassu RT, Aldai N, Bravo-Lamas L, Furlan MLN, Toda BM, Utembergue BL, Rezende RG, Mueller LF, Furlan JJM, Zanata M, Baldi F, Pereira ASC. Whole cottonseed, vitamin E and finishing period affect the fatty acid profile and sensory traits of meat products from Nellore cattle. Meat Sci 2017; 138:15-22. [PMID: 29289714 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated how different finishing periods and the inclusion of whole cottonseed and vitamin E in diets fed to feedlot cattle affect meat lipid composition and sensory traits of fresh beef and hamburgers. Fifty-four Nellore bulls were fed 3 different diets (C: control; WCS: 30% whole cottonseed; WCSE: 30% whole cottonseed plus vitamin E) during finishing periods of 83, 104, and 111days. The inclusion of cottonseed did not affect saturated fatty acid levels (SFA), but increased the levels of certain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in meat. The SFA levels and n-6/n-3 ratio increased over the length of finishing period. In general, meat products from animals fed the WCS and WCSE diets were more tender and juicier (P<0.05); however, an off-flavor was detected by the panelists (P<0.05). The sensory difference test results showed that the WCS hamburger flavor was not significantly different for the studied lengths of finishing period. Addition of 30% DM cottonseed in diets for cattle did not promote changes likely to affect human health, and it provided a more tender and juiciness meat, however differences in the off flavor were perceived only by panelist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noelia Aldai
- Department of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Leire Bravo-Lamas
- Department of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Maísa L N Furlan
- University of Sao Paulo, USP, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M Toda
- University of Sao Paulo, USP, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | | | - Romulo G Rezende
- University of Sao Paulo, USP, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Lenise F Mueller
- University of Sao Paulo, USP, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Joyce J M Furlan
- University of Sao Paulo, USP, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana Zanata
- University of Sao Paulo, USP, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Baldi
- Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-000, Brazil
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4
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Rossi LG, Fiorentini G, Jose Neto A, Vieira BR, Malheiros EB, Borghi TH, Berchielli TT. Impact of ground soybean and starch levels on the quality of meat from feedlot young Nellore bulls. Meat Sci 2016; 122:1-6. [PMID: 27458839 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-eight young Nellore bulls (395±32kg initial body weight) were assigned to a completely randomized design (2×2 factorial design with 7 animals per treatment) to evaluate effects on the quality of meat. Diet treatments consisted of high (about 25%) or low (about 16%) starch levels, with or without ground soybean addition. Shear force was decreased in the meat from animals fed a low-starch diet (P=0.0016). Meat from animals fed a high-starch diet had increased total concentrations of unsaturated (P=0.0029) and monounsaturated fatty acids (P=0.0253). Polyunsaturated fatty acid content increased in the meat from animals fed a diet containing soybean (P=0.0121). High starch diets (>25%) decreased the concentration of saturated fatty acids and increased the amount of unsaturated fatty acids in the meat from young Nellore bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Rossi
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - G Fiorentini
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
| | - A Jose Neto
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - B R Vieira
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - E B Malheiros
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - T H Borghi
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - T T Berchielli
- Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Campus Jaboticabal, CEP 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil; INCT/CA - UFV - Department of Animal Science, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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5
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Characterization of the fatty acid composition of lamb commercially available in northern Spain: Emphasis on the trans-18:1 and CLA content and profile. Meat Sci 2016; 117:108-16. [PMID: 26970291 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A survey of commercially available lamb meat was performed in northern Spain in order to evaluate their fatty acid (FA) composition with emphasis on trans fatty acid (TFA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers. Samples were collected in spring (n=24) and winter (n=24) of 2013, and were obtained in about equal numbers from grocery stores and butcher-shops. Subcutaneous fat, known to be a sensitive indicator of TFA content in ruminants, was analyzed by GC-FID. In general, very few differences were observed between collection periods and type of stores because of the high variability within the groups that was believed to be associated with differences in genetics and feeding strategies. However, the 10t/11t ratio of all samples showed two clearly identifiable groups irrespective of the source: 1) when 10t/11t was >1, 10t-shifted samples; 2) when 10t/11t was ≤1, non-shifted samples where 11t-18:1 was the predominant isomer. These two groups were clearly identified and associated with distinct FAs using principal component analysis.
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Mapiye C, Vahmani P, Mlambo V, Muchenje V, Dzama K, Hoffman L, Dugan M. The trans-octadecenoic fatty acid profile of beef: Implications for global food and nutrition security. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Aldai N, de Renobales M, Barron LJR, Kramer JKG. What are thetransfatty acids issues in foods after discontinuation of industrially producedtransfats? Ruminant products, vegetable oils, and synthetic supplements. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201300072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Aldai
- Lactiker Research Group; Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU); Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain
| | - Mertxe de Renobales
- Lactiker Research Group; Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU); Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain
| | - Luis Javier R. Barron
- Lactiker Research Group; Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU); Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain
| | - John K. G. Kramer
- Guelph Food Research Centre; Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada; Guelph ON Canada
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Ekine-Dzivenu C, Chen L, Vinsky M, Aldai N, Dugan MER, McAllister TA, Wang Z, Okine E, Li C. Estimates of genetic parameters for fatty acids in brisket adipose tissue of Canadian commercial crossbred beef steers. Meat Sci 2013; 96:1517-26. [PMID: 24315800 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heritability and genetic and phenotypic correlations between 15 individuals and 10 groups of fatty acids with a concentration greater than 0.5% in the brisket adipose tissue of 223 Angus and Charolais based crossbred commercial steers were estimated using univariate and bivariate animal models. Individual saturated fatty acids were low to moderately heritable, with heritability estimates ranging from 0.05 (C16:0) to 0.31 (C15:0). Individual monounsaturated fatty acids were low to moderately highly heritable ranging from 0.04 (9c C17:1 and 11c C18:1) to 0.51 (9c C14:1). Polyunsaturated fatty acid C18:2n-6 was moderately heritable (0.17). Among groups of fatty acids, heritability estimates ranged from 0.03 for branched chain fatty acid (BCFA) and n-6/n-3 to 0.16 for n-6 and Health Index. A range of low (0.00) to high (1.00) phenotypic and genetic correlations was observed among the 25 fatty acids considered in this study. In general, fatty acids such as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and 11t C18:1, with potential health benefits, showed significant antagonistic correlations with unhealthy fatty acids such as C14:0 and C16:0. The results from this study provide insight into the direct genetic control of host genes on fatty acid composition of beef tissues and will facilitate designs of genetic selection and/or genetic based diet management to improve fatty acid composition in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ekine-Dzivenu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - L Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - M Vinsky
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - N Aldai
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada; Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - M E R Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - T A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - E Okine
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - C Li
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada.
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González L, Moreno T, Bispo E, Dugan MER, Franco D. Effect of supplementing different oils: linseed, sunflower and soybean, on animal performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and fatty acid profile of veal from "Rubia Gallega" calves. Meat Sci 2013; 96:829-36. [PMID: 24200577 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acid (FA) composition of longisimus dorsi (LD) and subcutaneous fat (SCF) from Rubia Gallega (RG) calves was compared for three dietary oil sources (linseed, LO; sunflower, SFO or soybean, SYO). Oils were added (4.5%) to a commercial concentrate and no differences on animal performance, carcass characteristics or meat quality among diets were noted. Total n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) increased in LD and SCF when feeding LO diet (P<0.001). The trans(t) FA profiles were dominated by t11-18:1, except when feeding SFO diet, where ∑t6- to t10-18:1 exceeded t11-18:1 leading the highest (∑t6-to t10-18:1)/t11-18:11 ratio in LD (P<0.05). The overall changes in n-3 PUFA and t18:1 when feeding LO and SYO could be viewed as positive for human health, but quantitatively it was apparent that most dietary PUFA were completely biohydrogenated. Inhibiting PUFA biohydrogenation will be an important next step to improve the FA composition of RG cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura González
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo (C.I.A.M), INGACAL, Apdo 10, 15080 A Coruña, Spain.
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Increasing concentrations of wheat dry distillers’ grains with solubles in iso-nitrogenous finishing diets reduce lamb performance. Small Rumin Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Han C, Vinsky M, Aldai N, Dugan M, McAllister T, Li C. Association analyses of DNA polymorphisms in bovine SREBP-1, LXRα, FADS1 genes with fatty acid composition in Canadian commercial crossbred beef steers. Meat Sci 2013; 93:429-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Benjamin S, Flotho S, Börchers T, Spener F. Conjugated linoleic acid isomers and their precursor fatty acids regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor subtypes and major peroxisome proliferator responsive element-bearing target genes in HepG2 cell model. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2013; 14:115-23. [PMID: 23365010 PMCID: PMC3566404 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1200175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the induction profiles (as judged by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)) of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, β, γ subtypes and major PPAR-target genes bearing a functional peroxisome proliferator responsive element (PPRE) in HepG2 cell model upon feeding with cis-9,trans-11-octadecadienoic acid (9-CLA) or trans-10,cis-12-octadecadienoic acid (10-CLA) or their precursor fatty acids (FAs). HepG2 cells were treated with 100 μmol/L 9-CLA or 10-CLA or their precursor FAs, viz., oleic, linoleic, and trans-11-vaccenic acids against bezafibrate control to evaluate the induction/expression profiles of PPAR α, β, γ subtypes and major PPAR-target genes bearing a functional PPRE, i.e., fatty acid transporter (FAT), glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2), liver-type FA binding protein (L-FABP), acyl CoA oxidase-1 (ACOX-1), and peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme (PBE) with reference to β-actin as house keeping gene. Of the three housekeeping genes (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), β-actin, and ubiquitin), β-actin was found to be stable. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the common solubilizer of agonists, showed a significantly higher induction of genes analyzed. qRT-PCR profiles of CLAs and their precursor FAs clearly showed upregulation of FAT, GLUT-2, and L-FABP (~0.5-2.0-fold). Compared to 10-CLA, 9-CLA decreased the induction of the FA metabolizing gene ACOX-1 less than did PBE, while 10-CLA decreased the induction of PBE less than did ACOX-1. Both CLAs and precursor FAs upregulated PPRE-bearing genes, but with comparatively less or marginal activation of PPAR subtypes. This indicates that the binding of CLAs and their precursor FAs to PPAR subtypes results in PPAR activation, thereby induction of the target transporter genes coupled with downstream lipid metabolising genes such as ACOX-1 and PBE. To sum up, the expression profiles of these candidate genes showed that CLAs and their precursor FAs are involved in lipid signalling by modulating the PPAR α, β, or γ subtype for the indirect activation of the PPAR-target genes, which may in turn be responsible for the supposed health effects of CLA, and that care should be taken while calculating the actual fold induction values of candidate genes with reference to housekeeping gene and DMSO as they may impart false positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailas Benjamin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Avila-Stagno J, Chaves AV, He ML, Harstad OM, Beauchemin KA, McGinn SM, McAllister TA. Effects of increasing concentrations of glycerol in concentrate diets on nutrient digestibility, methane emissions, growth, fatty acid profiles, and carcass traits of lambs. J Anim Sci 2012; 91:829-37. [PMID: 23148243 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing concentrations of glycerol in concentrate diets on total tract digestibility, methane (CH4) emissions, growth, fatty acid profiles, and carcass traits of lambs. In both experiments, the control diet contained 57% barley grain, 14.5% wheat dried distillers grain with solubles (WDDGS), 13% sunflower hulls, 6.5% beet pulp, 6.3% alfalfa, and 3% mineral-vitamin mix. Increasing concentrations (7, 14, and 21% dietary DM) of glycerol in the dietary DM were replaced for barley grain. As glycerol was added, alfalfa meal and WDDGS were increased to maintain similar concentrations of CP and NDF among diets. In Exp.1, nutrient digestibility and CH4 emissions from 12 ram lambs were measured in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. In Exp. 2, lamb performance was evaluated in 60 weaned lambs that were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of the 4 dietary treatments and fed to slaughter weight. In Exp. 1, nutrient digestibility and CH4 emissions were not altered (P = 0.15) by inclusion of glycerol in the diets. In Exp.2, increasing glycerol in the diet linearly decreased DMI (P < 0.01) and tended (P = 0.06) to reduce ADG, resulting in a linearly decreased final BW. Feed efficiency was not affected by glycerol inclusion in the diets. Carcass traits and total SFA or total MUFA proportions of subcutaneous fat were not affected (P = 0.77) by inclusion of glycerol, but PUFA were linearly decreased (P < 0.01). Proportions of 16:0, 10t-18:1, linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) and the n-6/n-3 ratio were linearly reduced (P < 0.01) and those of 18:0 (stearic acid), 9c-18:1 (oleic acid), linearly increased (P < 0.01) by glycerol. When included up to 21% of diet DM, glycerol did not affect nutrient digestibility or CH4 emissions of lambs fed barley based finishing diets. Glycerol may improve backfat fatty acid profiles by increasing 18:0 and 9c-18:1 and reducing 10t-18:1 and the n-6/n-3 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Avila-Stagno
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Aldai N, Dugan ME, Rolland DC, Aalhus JL. Red blood cell trans-18:1 isomeric profile correlates with subcutaneous fat and muscle profiles in beef cattle. Meat Sci 2012; 91:203-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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15
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The role of ruminant trans fat as a potential nutraceutical in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Dugan M, Aldai N, Aalhus J, Rolland D, Kramer J. Review:Trans-forming beef to provide healthier fatty acid profiles. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2011-044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dugan, M. E. R., Aldai, N., Aalhus, J. L., Rolland, D. C. and Kramer, J. K. G. 2011. Review: Trans- forming beef to provide healthier fatty acid profiles. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 545–556.Trans fatty acids are found naturally in foods, particularly in those derived from ruminant animals, such as beef and dairy cattle. Over the past few decades, human consumption of trans fatty acids has increased, but this has been mainly from products containing partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. The correlation of trans fatty acid consumption with diseases such as coronary heart disease has been cause for concern, and led to recommendations to reduce their consumption. Trans fatty acids, however, have differing effects on human health. Therefore, in foods produced from ruminant animals, it is important to know their trans fatty acid composition, and how to enrich or deplete fatty acids that have positive or negative health effects. This review will cover the analysis of trans fatty acids in beef, their origin, how to manipulate their concentrations, and give a brief overview of their health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dugan
- Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
| | - Noelia Aldai
- Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
| | - Jennifer Aalhus
- Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
| | - David Rolland
- Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
| | - John Kramer
- Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
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Li C, Aldai N, Vinsky M, Dugan MER, McAllister TA. Association analyses of single nucleotide polymorphisms in bovine stearoyl-CoA desaturase and fatty acid synthase genes with fatty acid composition in commercial cross-bred beef steers. Anim Genet 2011; 43:93-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Length of concentrate finishing affects the fatty acid composition of grass-fed and genetically lean beef: an emphasis on trans-18:1 and conjugated linoleic acid profiles. Animal 2011; 5:1643-52. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731111000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Aldai N, Dugan ME, Kramer JK. Can the trans-18:1 and conjugated linoleic acid profiles in retail ground beef be healthier than steak? J Food Compost Anal 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Aldai N, Dugan ME, Juárez M, Martínez A, Osoro K. Double-muscling character influences the trans-18:1 and conjugated linoleic acid profiles in concentrate-fed yearling bulls. Meat Sci 2010; 85:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dugan MER, Aldai N, Kramer JKG, Gibb DJ, Juárez M, McAllister TA. Feeding wheat dried distillers grains with solubles improves beef trans and conjugated linoleic acid profiles1. J Anim Sci 2010; 88:1842-7. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2009-2575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Aldai N, Dugan MER, Kramer JKG, Robertson WM, Juárez M, Aalhus JL. Trans-18:1 and conjugated linoleic acid profiles after the inclusion of buffer, sodium sesquicarbonate, in the concentrate of finishing steers. Meat Sci 2009; 84:735-41. [PMID: 20374850 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ninety-six European crossbred steers were fed a barley-based finishing diet for differing lengths of time (34-104 days) to investigate if adding dietary buffer (sodium sesquicarbonate at 1.5% as fed) could improve the trans-18:1 (GC-FID) and CLA (Ag(+)-HPLC-DAD) content and isomeric profile of beef produced. Results indicate that the addition of buffer to diets of cattle fed high concentrate diets has limited effects on the overall fatty acid composition of backfat and muscle tissues. However, buffer addition can help to prevent a 10t- shift by maintaining a better (higher) 11t-/10t-18:1 ratio in both meat and backfat during the first 30-60 days of feeding a high grain diet. Over time, however, the effect is lost becoming equal in tissues from animals with or without buffer addition to their diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Aldai
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C&E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada T4L 1W1
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