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Zhao Y, Zhao G. Decreasing ruminal methane production through enhancing the sulfate reduction pathway. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 9:320-326. [PMID: 35600554 PMCID: PMC9097629 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) production from ruminants accounts for 16% of the global greenhouse gas emissions and represents 2% to 12% of feed energy. Mitigating CH4 production from ruminants is of great importance for sustainable development of the ruminant industry. H2 is the primary substrate for CH4 production in the processes of ruminal methanogenesis. Sulfate reducing bacteria are able to compete with methanogens for H2 in the rumen, and consequently inhibit the methanogenesis. Enhancing the ruminal sulfate reducing pathway is an important approach to mitigate CH4 emissions in ruminants. The review summarized the effects of sulfate and elemental S on ruminal methanogenesis, and clarified the related mechanisms through the impacts of sulfate and elemental S on major ruminal sulfate reducing bacteria. Enhancing the activities of the major ruminal sulfate reducing bacteria including Desulfovibrio, Desulfohalobium and Sulfolobus through dietary sulfate addition, elemental S and dried distillers grains with solubles can effectively decrease the ruminal CH4 emissions. Suitable levels of dietary addition with different S sources for reducing the ruminal CH4 production, as well as maintaining the performance and health of ruminants, need to be investigated in the future.
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López A, Arroquy JI, Hernández O, Nasca JA, Juárez Sequeira AV, DiLorenzo N, Distel RA. A meta-analytical evaluation of the effects of high-salt water intake on beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6325410. [PMID: 34291793 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate drinking water is essential to maintain acceptable production levels in beef cattle operations. In the context of global climate change, the water scarcity forecasted for the future is a growing concern and it would determine an increase in the use of poorer quality water by the agricultural sector in many parts of the world. However, consumption of high-salt water by cattle has consequences often overlooked. A meta-analysis was carried out to assess the impact of utilizing high-salt water on dry matter (DMI) and water intake (WI), and performance in beef cattle. The dataset was collected from 25 studies, which were conducted between 1960 and 2020. Within the dataset, the water quality was divided into three categories according to the ratio of sulfates (SO4) or sodium chloride (NaCl) to total dissolved solids (TDS): 1) TDS = all studies included (average SO4:TDS = 0.4); 2) NaCl = considered studies in which water salinity was dominated by NaCl (average SO4:TDS = 0.1); and 3) SO4 = considered studies in which water salinity was dominated by SO4 (average SO4:TDS = 0.8). Results showed that DMI and WI were negatively affected by high-salt water consumption, although the magnitude of the effect is dependent on the type of salt dissolved in the water. There was a quadratic effect (P < 0.01) for the WI vs. TDS, WI vs. NaCl, DMI vs. TDS, and DMI vs. NaCl, and a linear effect (P < 0.01) for WI vs. SO4 and WI vs. SO4. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) were quadratically (P < 0.01) affected by high-salt water, respectively. This study revealed significant negative effects of high-salt water drinking on beef cattle WI, DMI, and performance. However, the negative effects are exacerbated when cattle drink high-sulfate water when compared with high-chloride water. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach to evaluate animal response to high-salt water consumption and could be included in the development of future beef cattle models to account for the impact of water quality on intake and performance. In addition, this meta-analysis highlights the need for research on management strategies to mitigate the negative effects of high-salt water in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín López
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA-Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina.,Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustria, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Jose I Arroquy
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA-Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Olegario Hernández
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA-Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Jose A Nasca
- Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido (IIACS), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ana V Juárez Sequeira
- Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustria, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - Nicolas DiLorenzo
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Marianna, FL 32446, USA
| | - Roberto A Distel
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Ruminal Fermentation, Milk Production Efficiency, and Nutrient Digestibility of Lactating Dairy Cows Receiving Fresh Cassava Root and Solid Feed-Block Containing High Sulfur. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of fresh cassava root (CR) and a solid feed-block containing sulfur (S-FB) on fermentation in the rumen, feed utilization, milk yield, and milk composition in lactating dairy cows. Four Holstein-Friesian cows with 470 ± 50.0 kg body weight (BW), 10 ± 2 kg day−1 average milk yield, and 112 ± 15 days-in-milk were studied. A 2 × 2 factorial combination was arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to evaluate the treatment-related effects. The treatments were obtained from a combination of two factors: (1) levels of CR at 10 g kg−1 BW (CR-1) and 15 g kg−1 (CR-1.5) and (2) levels of sulfur supplementation in solid feed-block at 20 g kg−1 (S-FB-2) and 40 g kg−1 (S-FB-4). The results showed that CR and S-FB had no interaction effect on feed intake, digestibility, fermentation, blood metabolites, milk yield, or its composition. Feeding CR up to 15 g kg−1 of the BW significantly increased (p < 0.05) the milk fat concentration while it decreased (p < 0.05) the somatic cell count. The S-FB-4 of the sulfur significantly (p < 0.05) increased the acid detergent fiber when compared with the S-FB-2 of the sulfur. CR could be fed up to 15 g kg−1 of BW with S-FB containing high sulfur (40 g kg−1) in dairy cows without a negative impact.
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Production of Hydrogen Sulfide by Fermentation in Rumen and Its Impact on Health and Production of Animals. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8091169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is a Janus-faced molecule with many beneficial and toxic effects on the animal health. In ruminants, rumen fermentation plays a vital role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. During rumen fermentation, the production of hydrogen sulfide can occur, and it can be rapidly absorbed into the body of the animals through the intestinal wall. If the production of hydrogen sulfide concentration is higher in the rumen, it can cause a toxic effect on ruminants known as poliomyelitis. The production of hydrogen sulfide depends on the population of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the rumen. In rodents, H2S maintains the normal physiology of the gastrointestinal tract and also improves the healing of the chronic gastric ulcer. In the gut, H2S regulates physiological functions such as inflammation, ischemia–reperfusion injury and motility. In this review article, we summarize the toxicity occurrence in the body of animals due to high levels of hydrogen sulfide production and also recent progress in the studies of physiological function of H2S in the gut, with a special emphasis on bacteria-derived H2S is discussed in this review.
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Qian K, Xu J, Zu HC, Cong YY. Research progress of rumen hydrogen sulfide production in ruminants. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13349. [PMID: 32219970 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rumen fermentation can produce hydrogen sulfide (H2 S), and H2 S can be rapidly absorbed by the intestinal wall in nature. If excessive H2 S was produced in rumen, it might be toxic to ruminants. This article reviews the research progress of toxicity of H2 S, rumen H2 S production pathway and its influential factors to lay a foundation for further research and application of rumen H2 S-producing regulation in ruminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao-Chen Zu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Yan Cong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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McCaughern JH, Mackenzie AM, Sinclair LA. Dietary starch concentration alters reticular pH, hepatic copper concentration, and performance in lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cows receiving added dietary sulfur and molybdenum. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:9024-9036. [PMID: 32773307 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that Cu metabolism in dairy cows is affected by dietary starch concentration and additional sulfur S and Mo, 60 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows that were [mean ± standard error (SE)] 33 ± 2.5 days postcalving and yielding 41 ± 0.9 kg of milk/d were fed 1 of 4 diets in a 2 × 2 factorial design experiment over a 14-wk period. The 4 diets had a Cu concentration of approximately 15 mg/kg of dry matter (DM), a grass silage-to-corn silage ratio of 1:1, a dietary starch concentration of either 150 g/kg of DM (low starch, LS) or 220 g/kg of DM (high starch, HS), and were either unsupplemented (-) or supplemented (+) with an additional 0.8 g of S/kg of DM and 4.4 mg of Mo/kg of DM. We found an effect of dietary starch concentration on mean reticular pH, which was 0.15 pH units lower in cows fed the high starch diets. The addition of S and Mo decreased intake by 1.8 kg of DM/d, an effect that was evident beginning in wk 1 of the study. Mean milk and fat yields were 37.0 and 1.51 kg/d, respectively, and were not affected by dietary treatment. We found an effect of dietary starch concentration on milk protein concentration, protein yield, and urea nitrogen, which were increased by 2.8 g/kg, 0.09 kg/d, and 2.1 mg/dL, respectively, in cows fed the high starch diets. We found no effect of dietary treatment on either cow live weight or body condition. Mean plasma Cu, Fe, and Zn concentrations were 15.3, 42.1, and 14.4 µmol/L, respectively, and were not affected by dietary treatment. In contrast, we found an interaction between dietary starch concentration and Cu antagonists on plasma Mo, where feeding additional S and Mo increased plasma Mo to a greater extent when cows were offered the high versus low starch diet. We also found that increasing dietary starch concentration increased serum ceruloplasmin activity, but serum haptoglobin concentration was not affected by dietary treatment. The addition of S and Mo decreased hepatic Cu concentration, whereas in cows fed the higher dietary starch concentration, hepatic Cu concentration was increased over the period of our study. We concluded that increasing dietary starch concentration decreases rumen pH and increases milk protein yield and hepatic Cu concentration, whereas feeding additional S and Mo decreases intake and hepatic Cu concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H McCaughern
- Department of Animal Production, Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
| | - A M Mackenzie
- Department of Animal Production, Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, United Kingdom
| | - L A Sinclair
- Department of Animal Production, Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, United Kingdom.
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Min BR, Castleberry L, Allen H, Parker D, Waldrip H, Brauer D, Willis W. Associative effects of wet distiller's grains plus solubles and tannin-rich peanut skin supplementation on in vitro rumen fermentation, greenhouse gas emissions, and microbial changes1. J Anim Sci 2020; 97:4668-4681. [PMID: 31603200 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two sets of in vitro rumen fermentation experiments were conducted to determine effects of diets that included wet distiller's grains plus solubles (WDGS) and tannin-rich peanut skin (PS) on the in vitro digestibility, greenhouse gas (GHG) and other gas emissions, fermentation rate, and microbial changes. The objectives were to assess associative effects of various levels of PS or WDGS on the in vitro digestibility, GHG and other gas emissions, fermentation rate, and microbial changes in the rumen. All gases were collected using an ANKOM Gas Production system for methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) analyses. Cumulative ruminal gas production was determined using 250 mL ANKOM sampling bottles containing 50 mL of ruminal fluid (pH 5.8), 40 mL of artificial saliva (pH 6.8), and 6 g of mixed diets after a maximum of 24 h of incubation. Fermenters were flushed with CO2 gas and held at 39 °C in a shaking incubator for 24 h. Triplicate quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses were conducted to determine microbial diversity. When WDGS was supplied in the diet, in the absence of PS, cumulative CH4 production increased (P < 0.05) with 40% WDGS. In the presence of PS, production of CH4 was reduced but the reduction was less at 40% WDGS. In the presence of PS, ruminal lactate, succinate, and acetate/propionate (A/P) ratio tended to be less with a WDGS interaction (P < 0.01). In the presence of PS and with 40% WDGS, average populations of Bacteroidetes, total methanogens, Methanobrevibacter sp. AbM4, and total protozoa were less. The population of total methanogens (R2 = 0.57; P < 0.01), Firmicutes (R2 = 0.46: P < 0.05), and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio (R2 = 0.46; P < 0.03) were strongly correlated with ruminal CH4 production. Therefore, there was an associative effect of tannin-rich PS and WDGS, which suppressed methanogenesis both directly and indirectly by modifying populations of ruminal methanogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeng Ryel Min
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Bushland, TX
| | - Lana Castleberry
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Bushland, TX
| | - Heather Allen
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Ames, IA
| | - David Parker
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Bushland, TX
| | - Heidi Waldrip
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Bushland, TX
| | - David Brauer
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Bushland, TX
| | - William Willis
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Bushland, TX
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Douthit TL, Leventhal HR, Uwituze S, Halpin MY, Araújo Lopes AL, Drouillard JS. Megasphaera elsdenii Attenuates Lactate Accumulation in Cultures of Equine Cecal Microorganisms Provided With Starch or Oligofructose. J Equine Vet Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Tebbe A, Wyatt D, Weiss W. Effects of magnesium source and monensin on nutrient digestibility and mineral balance in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:1152-1163. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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López A, Arroquy JI, Juárez Sequeira AV, DiLorenzo N, Barrionuevo MC, Distel RA. High-sulfate water consumption determines intake and metabolic responses to protein supplementation in lambs consuming low-quality forage. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:2111-2120. [PMID: 28726991 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty Hampshire lambs (31 ± 4 kg BW) in individual metabolism cages were used in a 10-treatment by 2-period ( = 4) trial to evaluate the interaction between protein supplementation and sulfate water on intake and metabolic responses when lambs were fed low-quality grass hay (; 6.4% CP, 79.5% NDF). The treatment structure was a 2 × 5 factorial: 2 water qualities (WQ; low-sulfate [LS] and high-sulfate [HS]; 442 and 8,358 mg/kg total dissolved solids, respectively) and 5 soybean meal levels (SBM; 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00% BW/d). After 15 d of adaptation, periods consisted of 5 d for determination of forage and water intake, nitrogen balance, and digestion measurements (d 16 to 20) and 1 d for blood sampling and determination of ruminal hydrogen sulfide (HS) concentration (d 21). Supplemental SBM × WQ interactions were significant for forage OM intake ( = 0.04) and total OM intake ( = 0.04), whereas a tendency was observed for total tract digestible OM intake ( = 0.07). Intake values of LS lambs were higher than those of HS lambs ( < 0.05) in only the first and second levels of SBM. Water intake increased linearly ( < 0.01) with SBM level but was not affected by WQ ( = 0.39). Water quality and SBM supplementation affected total tract OM digestibility (TTOMD; < 0.01); LS lambs had lower TTOMD than HS lambs ( < 0.01). Plasma urea N increased linearly in response to SBM ( < 0.01) but was not affected by WQ ( = 0.11). Nitrogen balance was not affected by SBM × WQ interaction ( > 0.12), except for N utilization (N retained/N intake ratio; < 0.01). Regardless of WQ, N intake ( > 0.01), N urine ( > 0.01), and N balance increased linearly ( > 0.01) with SBM level. Water quality adversely affected N intake and N balance, although at the highest level of SBM no differences in N balance were observed between LS and HS lambs ( = 0.85). No changes due to WQ were observed for either urea reabsorbed by kidneys ( = 0.63) or glomerular filtration rate ( = 0.30), but renal function was affected by SBM level ( < 0.01). There was a supplemental SBM × WQ interaction for ruminal HS concentration ( < 0.01) due mainly to a greater concentration from 0.25% BW SBM in HS than in LS lambs. In conclusion, these results confirmed the existence of an interaction between sulfate water and supplemental protein, which alters intake and metabolic responses when lambs are fed low-quality grass hay.
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Pogge DJ, Drewnoski ME, Snider D, Rumbeiha WK, Hansen SL. Effect of ferric ammonium citrate in feedlot diets with varying dried distillers' grains inclusion on ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentrations and steer growth. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:3894-3901. [PMID: 27898902 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angus-cross steers ( = 128) were used to examine the effects of supplementing ferric ammonium citrate (FAC; 300 mg ferric Fe/kg DM) to diets of 20, 40, or 60% dried distillers' grains plus solubles (DDGS) on growth performance, liver mineral and ruminal hydrogen sulfide (HS) concentrations, and carcass traits of finishing steers. Steers were blocked by initial BW (436 ± 10.6 kg) into pens of 4 and randomly assigned to 1 of 6 treatments ( = 5 or 6 pens per treatment) including a 20, 40, or 60% DDGS inclusion diet with (+) or without (-) 300 mg Fe/kg DM from FAC. Liver biopsies (d -9/-10 and 96) and HS measures (d 0, 7, 14, 21, and 95) were determined from 1 steer/pen. Steers were harvested on d 102 and carcass data were collected. A treatment × month effect ( ≤ 0.006) was noted for ADG and G:F, in which the 20-FAC ADG and feed efficiency were greater ( ≤ 0.02) between d 0 to 28 but lesser ( ≤ 0.04) from d 29 to 56 than that of the 20+FAC steers. Final BW linearly decreased ( < 0.01) as DDGS inclusion increased. Final BW tended to be greater ( = 0.10) in the 60+FAC steers than in the 60-FAC steers, whereas final BW was not different ( ≥ 0.32) due to FAC supplementation in the 20 or 40% DDGS diets. A quadratic effect was noted for DMI ( = 0.02), where 60% DDGS decreased DMI. Within the 20% DDGS diet FAC+ improved DMI ( = 0.03) but had no effect within 40 or 60% DDGS inclusion. Ruminal HS concentrations were not affected ( ≥ 0.25) by FAC, but increasing DDGS linearly increased ( < 0.01) ruminal HS values. Liver Cu was decreased ( < 0.01) by FAC across all DDGS inclusions and tended to linearly decrease ( = 0.06) with increasing DDGS inclusion, whereas liver Fe, Mn, and Zn were not altered ( ≥ 0.11) by DDGS inclusion. Liver Zn concentrations tended to be ( = 0.08) or were ( = 0.03) decreased by FAC supplementation within 20 and 40% DDGS, respectively. Increasing the inclusion of DDGS linearly decreased ( = 0.04) HCW and quadratically affected marbling score where the 40% DDGS had the greatest ( = 0.02) marbling scores. Supplementation of FAC within 60% DDGS improved ( ≤ 0.03) HCW and LM area. Marbling scores were greater ( ≤ 0.04) in 20+FAC and 40+FAC compared with 20-FAC and 40-FAC, respectively. In conclusion, although ruminal HS concentrations were not affected by FAC under the conditions of this study, supplementing FAC to diets containing 60% DDGS improved HCW and LM area, suggesting that FAC may be beneficial when dietary S concentrations exceed 0.5%.
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Kenney NM, Vanzant ES, Harmon DL, McLeod KR. Direct-fed microbials containing lactate-producing bacteria influence ruminal fermentation but not lactate utilization in steers fed a high-concentrate diet. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:2336-48. [PMID: 26020329 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct-fed microbials (DFM) have been shown to improve gain and growth efficiency and also modulate ruminal fermentation. In Exp. 1,72 beef steers were used to compare a lactate-producing bacterial (LAB) DFM consisting primarily of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Enterococcus faecium,and a lactate-producing and lactate-utilizing (LAB/LU) DFM consisting primarily of L. acidophilus and Propionibacterium both fed at 10(9) cfu/d. Steers were fed a corn-based finishing diet for 153 d and then slaughtered for collection of carcass characteristics. In Exp. 2, 12 ruminally cannulated steers were fed acorn-based finishing diet and treated with 10(9) cfu/d of LAB DFM. Rumen fluid was sampled on d 14 and 28 over a 12-h period. Steers were ruminally dosed with a 2-L solution of neutralized DL-lactate (0.56 M)and Cr-EDTA (13.22 M) 3 h postfeeding on d 15 and 29. Ruminal samples were collected at 10- and 20-minintervals for the first and second hour postdosing. No differences (P ≥ 0.14) between control (CON) and LAB for DMI, ADG, growth efficiency, or carcass characteristics were observed. Dry matter intake was greater (P = 0.04) for LAB/LU than LAB from d 0 to 28 but did not differ (P ≥ 0.29) thereafter. Average daily gain was greater (P = 0.04) and efficiency tended(P = 0.06) to be greater for LAB than LAB/LU over the entire 153 d. In Exp. 2, total VFA concentration and molar proportions of butyrate were unaffected(P ≥ 0.24). Molar proportions of acetate exhibited a DFM by hour interaction (P = 0.04); however, on average, molar proportion of acetate was 4.4% greater for DFM. Conversely, DFM did not affect the molar proportion of propionate (P = 0.39). On average,molar proportions of propionate tended to increase(P = 0.07), and acetate tended to decrease (P = 0.07)across days. Mean daily ruminal pH was similar for CON on d 14 and 28, whereas mean pH increased from d 14 to 28 for DFM (DFM × day; P = 0.08).Minimum pH remained unchanged for CON over time but increased from d 14 to 2 for DFM (DFM × day;P = 0.10). Maximum pH decreased from d 14 to 28 in CON but increased over time with DFM (DFM × day;P = 0.05). DL- and L-lactate utilization were unaffected by DFM (P ≥ 0.33) or day (P ≥ 0.50). Although the LAB DFM did not impact growth performance, itd id modulate ruminal fermentation, as evidenced by shifts in ruminal VFA profile and pH; however, DFM did not appear to influence ruminal lactate utilization.
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Nuñez A, Felix T, Loerch S, Schoonmaker J. Effect of dried distillers grains with solubles or corn in growing cattle diets, followed by a corn-based finishing diet, on performance of feedlot cattle. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wu H, Meng Q, Yu Z. Effect of pH buffering capacity and sources of dietary sulfur on rumen fermentation, sulfide production, methane production, sulfate reducing bacteria, and total Archaea in in vitro rumen cultures. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 186:25-33. [PMID: 25797103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of three types of dietary sulfur on in vitro fermentation characteristics, sulfide production, methane production, and microbial populations at two different buffer capacities were examined using in vitro rumen cultures. Addition of dry distilled grain with soluble (DDGS) generally decreased total gas production, degradation of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, and concentration of total volatile fatty acids, while increasing ammonia concentration. High buffering capacity alleviated these adverse effects on fermentation. Increased sulfur content resulted in decreased methane emission, but total Archaea population was not changed significantly. The population of sulfate reducing bacteria was increased in a sulfur type-dependent manner. These results suggest that types of dietary sulfur and buffering capacity can affect rumen fermentation and sulfide production. Diet buffering capacity, and probably alkalinity, may be increased to alleviate some of the adverse effects associated with feeding DDGS at high levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1094, USA
| | - Qingxiang Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1094, USA.
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Pogge DJ, Lonergan SM, Hansen SL. Impact of supplementing vitamin C for 56, 90, or 127 days on growth performance and carcass characteristics of steers fed a 0.31 or 0.59% sulfur diet. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:2297-308. [PMID: 26020326 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to examine differential timing of vitamin C (VC) supplementation during the finishing period (for the first 56, 90, or 127 d) on performance, VC, and glutathione (GSH) concentrations and carcass traits of steers receiving a 0.31 or 0.59% S diet. Angus steers (n = 42) were stratified to pens by initial BW (304 ± 13 kg) and GeneMax marbling score (4.3 ± 0.12), and pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 7 treatments (6 steers/pen and 1 pen/treatment), including a high-S (HS; 0.59% S) control (HS CON), HS CON + 10 g VC∙steer(-1)∙d(-1) for the first 56 d of the finishing period, HS CON + 10 g VC∙steer(-1)∙d(-1) for the first 90 d of the finishing period, HS CON + 10 g VC∙steer(-1)∙d(-1) for the entire 127-d finishing period (HS VC127), low-S (LS; 0.31% S) diet + 10 g VC∙steer(-1)∙d(-1) for the first 56 d of the finishing period (LS VC56), LS diet + 10 g VC∙steer(-1)∙d(-1) for the first 90 d of the finishing period, or LS diet + 10 g VC∙steer(-1)∙d(-1) for the entire 127-d finishing period. Jugular blood and ultrasound measures were taken from all steers before feeding on d 0, 56, 90, and 127, and liver biopsies and ruminal hydrogen sulfide measurements were collected on d 121 or 122. Steers (n = 40) were harvested on d 127, and carcass data were collected. Data were analyzed by ANOVA as a completely randomized design with the fixed effect of treatment. Because individual intake data were collected, steer was the experimental unit. Final BW and ADG were greater (P ≤ 0.03) and DMI tended (P = 0.09) to be greater in the LS steers compared to HS steers, but G:F did not differ (P = 0.41) by treatment. A treatment × time effect (P = 0.04) for DMI was noted, likely due to lesser DMI between d 91 and 127 for all treatments except the HS VC127 and LS VC56. Plasma VC concentrations of LS steers were less (P = 0.05) than the HS steers. Total (P = 0.06) and reduced (P = 0.03) plasma GSH were greater in HS steers supplemented with VC than the HS CON, but liver GSH were not different due to S or VC (P ≥ 0.13). The ratio of oxidized to reduced liver GSH was greater (P < 0.01) in HS CON than HS steers supplemented with VC. Marbling score, LM area, KPH, and quality grade were not different (P ≥ 0.19) due to diet, but LS steers had greater (P = 0.05) back fat than HS steers. In conclusion, steers fed a HS diet had poorer live performance and unexpectedly greater plasma ascorbate concentrations than the LS-fed steers. Interestingly, increasing days of VC supplementation across the HS diets increased GSH indices, suggesting that although HS diets may negatively affect antioxidant capacity of cattle, supplementing VC may help correct this.
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Pogge DJ, Lonergan SM, Hansen SL. Effects of duration of vitamin C supplementation during the finishing period on postmortem protein degradation, tenderness, and meat color of the longissimus muscle of calf-fed steers consuming a 0.31 or 0.59% sulfur diet. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:2567-75. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Drewnoski ME, Pogge DJ, Hansen SL. High-sulfur in beef cattle diets: A review. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:3763-80. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Drewnoski
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0908
| | - D. J. Pogge
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - S. L. Hansen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0908
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Pogge DJ, Drewnoski ME, Hansen SL. Feeding ferric ammonium citrate to decrease the risk of sulfur toxicity: Effects on trace mineral absorption and status of beef steers. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:4005-13. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. J. Pogge
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011
| | - M. E. Drewnoski
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, 68583
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Castro-Pérez BI, Garzón-Proaño JS, López-Soto MA, Barreras A, González VM, Plascencia A, Estrada-Angulo A, Dávila-Ramos H, Ríos-Rincón FG, Zinn RA. Effects of Replacing Dry-rolled Corn with Increasing Levels of Corn Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles on Characteristics of Digestion, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Digestible Energy of Diet in Hair Lambs Fed High-concentrate Diets. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 26:1152-9. [PMID: 25049896 PMCID: PMC4093229 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Four male lambs (Katahdin; average live weight 25.9±2.9 kg) with “T” type cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a 4×4 Latin square experiment to evaluate the influence of supplemental dry distillers grain with solubles (DDGS) levels (0, 10, 20 and 30%, dry matter basis) in substitution for dry-rolled (DR) corn on characteristics of digestive function and digestible energy (DE) of diet. Treatments did not influence ruminal pH. Substitution of DR corn with DDGS increased ruminal neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestion (quadratic effect, p<0.01), but decreased ruminal organic matter (OM) digestion (linear effect, p<0.01). Replacing corn with DDGS increased (linear, p≤0.02) duodenal flow of lipids, NDF and feed N. But there were no treatment effects on flow to the small intestine of microbial nitrogen (MN) or microbial N efficiency. The estimated UIP value of DDGS was 44%. Postruminal digestion of OM, starch, lipids and nitrogen (N) were not affected by treatments. Total tract digestion of N increased (linear, p = 0.04) as the DDGS level increased, but DDGS substitution tended to decrease total tract digestion of OM (p = 0.06) and digestion of gross energy (p = 0.08). However, it did not affect the dietary digestible energy (DE, MJ/kg), reflecting the greater gross energy content of DDGS versus DR corn in the replacements. The comparative DE value of DDGS may be considered similar to the DE value of the DR corn it replaced up to 30% in the finishing diets fed to lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Castro-Pérez
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - J S Garzón-Proaño
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - M A López-Soto
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - A Barreras
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - V M González
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - A Plascencia
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - A Estrada-Angulo
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - H Dávila-Ramos
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - F G Ríos-Rincón
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
| | - R A Zinn
- Research Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Autonomous of Baja California, México
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Drewnoski M, Brasche C, Hansen S. Effects of dietary sulfur source on rumen pH and hydrogen sulfide gas concentration. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pogge DJ, Lonergan SM, Hansen SL. Influence of supplementing vitamin C to yearling steers fed a high sulfur diet during the finishing period on meat color, tenderness and protein degradation, and fatty acid profile of the longissimus muscle. Meat Sci 2014; 97:419-27. [PMID: 24769141 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to determine the influence of vitamin C (VC) supplemented for approximately 102 d during the finishing period on color, tenderness, and fatty acid profile of longissimus thoracis (LT; n=136) from steers fed a 0.55% sulfur diet. Treatments included 4 supplemental VC concentrations: 1) 0 (CON), 2) 5 (5VC), 3) 10 (10VC), or 4) 20 (20VC) gVC·h(-1)∙d(-1) in a common diet. Increasing supplemental VC decreased (P<0.01) L*, but increased (P<0.01) vitamin E and tended to increase (P≤0.07) calcium and iron content of steaks. No VC (P≥0.25) effect was noted for WBSF, calpain-1 autolysis, troponin T degradation, or most fatty acid profiles. A quadratic effect (P≤0.03) was observed for cholesterol and CLA content of LT. Under the conditions of our study, supplementing VC to steers fed a 0.55% sulfur diet late in the finishing period did not influence color or tenderness, but increased the vitamin E content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Pogge
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Steven M Lonergan
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States
| | - Stephanie L Hansen
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
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Pogge DJ, Drewnoski ME, Hansen SL. High dietary sulfur decreases the retention of copper, manganese, and zinc in steers. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:2182-91. [PMID: 24663179 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the effects of dietary S on diet digestibility and apparent mineral absorption and retention, 16 steers [8 ruminally fistulated (368 ± 12 kg BW) and 8 unmodified (388 ± 10 kg BW)] were paired within modification status and BW, and within each of the 2 consecutive 28-d periods, 4 pairs of steers were randomly assigned to either a low-S (0.24%) or high-S (0.68%) pelleted diet. Bromegrass hay was fed at 5 or 7% of the diet, during periods 1 and 2, respectively. Sodium sulfate was used to increase the S content of the high-S diet. The low-S steers were fed the amount of feed their high-S counterpart consumed the previous day, while the high-S steers received 110% of the previous day's intake. Steers were adapted to individual metabolism stalls for 4 d (d -3 to 0 of period), acclimated to diet for 7 d (d 1 to 7 of period), and after high-S steers were consuming ad libitum intake for 7 d (d 14 of period), total urine and feces were collected for 5 d. Feed intake and orts were recorded daily. Dry matter and OM digestibility were determined. Jugular blood was collected before and after each collection period on d 14 and 20, and liver biopsies were collected on d 0 and 27. Macromineral (Ca, K, Mg, and Na) and micromineral (Cu, Mn, and Zn) concentrations were determined for pellets and hay, orts, feces, urine, and plasma and liver samples from each steer via inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. Dry matter intake, DM and OM digestibility, and urine volume were not affected (P ≥ 0.11) by dietary treatment, but fecal output was greater (P = 0.02) in the low-S steers than the high-S steers. A high-S diet decreased plasma Cu (P = 0.04) and liver Zn (P = 0.03) compared to low-S steers. No differences (P ≥ 0.20) were noted among urinary excretion of Cu, Mn, and Zn. Sodium absorption was greater (P < 0.01) and Cu, Mn, and Zn retention was lesser (P ≤ 0.01) in the high-S steers than the low-S steers. Apparent absorption of Ca, K, and Mg was not affected (P ≥ 0.18) by dietary treatment, while absorption of Cu, Mn, and Zn in the high-S treatment was lesser (P ≤ 0.06). In conclusion, consumption of a high-S diet for 28 d had limited effects on Ca, K, Mg, and Na absorption and retention, but decreased Cu, Mn, and Zn retention, which may limit growth and production of cattle consuming a high-S diet long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Pogge
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
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23
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Amat S, McKinnon JJ, Penner GB, Hendrick S. Effects of dietary sulfur concentration and forage-to-concentrate ratio on ruminal fermentation, sulfur metabolism, and short-chain fatty acid absorption in beef heifers1. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:712-23. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Amat
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - J. J. McKinnon
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - G. B. Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - S. Hendrick
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
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Sarturi JO, Erickson GE, Klopfenstein TJ, Vasconcelos JT, Griffin WA, Rolfe KM, Benton JR, Bremer VR. Effect of sulfur content in wet or dry distillers grains fed at several inclusions on cattle growth performance, ruminal parameters, and hydrogen sulfide1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:4849-60. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. O. Sarturi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583
| | - G. E. Erickson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583
| | - T. J. Klopfenstein
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583
| | - J. T. Vasconcelos
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583
| | - W. A. Griffin
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583
| | - K. M. Rolfe
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583
| | - J. R. Benton
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583
| | - V. R. Bremer
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583
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Drewnoski M, Hansen S. Effect of delaying the feeding of high sulfur until 28 days after adaptation to finishing diet on cattle intake, gain, and ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentrations. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sarturi JO, Erickson GE, Klopfenstein TJ, Rolfe KM, Buckner CD, Luebbe MK. Impact of source of sulfur on ruminal hydrogen sulfide and logic for the ruminal available sulfur for reduction concept1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:3352-9. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. O. Sarturi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583-0908
| | - G. E. Erickson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583-0908
| | - T. J. Klopfenstein
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583-0908
| | - K. M. Rolfe
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583-0908
| | - C. D. Buckner
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln 68583-0908
| | - M. K. Luebbe
- Panhandle Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Scottsbluff 69361
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27
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Song R, Chen C, Wang L, Johnston LJ, Kerr BJ, Weber TE, Shurson GC. High sulfur content in corn dried distillers grains with solubles protects against oxidized lipids by increasing sulfur-containing antioxidants in nursery pigs1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:2715-28. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Song
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - C. Chen
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - L. Wang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - L. J. Johnston
- West Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris 56267
| | | | | | - G. C. Shurson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
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Wang ZB, Xin HS, Wang MJ, Li ZY, Qu YL, Miao SJ, Zhang YG. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Hainanmycin on Protein Degradation and Populations of Ammonia-producing Bacteria In vitro. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2013; 26:668-74. [PMID: 25049837 PMCID: PMC4093324 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An in vitro fermentation was conducted to determine the effects of hainanmycin on protein degradation and populations of ammonia-producing bacteria. The substrates (DM basis) for in vitro fermentation consisted of alfalfa hay (31.7%), Chinese wild rye grass hay (28.3%), ground corn grain (24.5%), soybean meal (15.5%) with a forage: concentrate of 60:40. Treatments were the control (no additive) and hainanmycin supplemented at 0.1 (H0.1), 1 (H1), 10 (H10), and 100 mg/kg (H100) of the substrates. After 24 h of fermentation, the highest addition level of hainanmycin decreased total VFA concentration and increased the final pH. The high addition level of hainanmycin (H1, H10, and H100) reduced (p<0.05) branched-chain VFA concentration, the molar proportion of acetate and butyrate, and ratio of acetate to propionate; and increased the molar proportion of propionate, except that for H1 the in molar proportion of acetate and isobutyrate was not changed (p>0.05). After 24 h of fermentation, H10 and H100 increased (p<0.05) concentrations of peptide nitrogen and AA nitrogen and proteinase activity, and decreased (p<0.05) NH3-N concentration and deaminase activity compared with control. Peptidase activitives were not affected by hainanmycin. Hainanmycin supplementation only inhibited the growth of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, which is one of the species of low deaminative activity. Hainanmycin supplementation also decreased (p<0.05) relative population sizes of hyper-ammonia-producing species, except for H0.1 on Clostridium aminophilum. It was concluded that dietary supplementation with hainanmycin could improve ruminal fermentation and modify protein degradation by changing population size of ammonia-producing bacteria in vitro; and the addition level of 10 mg/kg appeared to achieve the best results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z B Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - H S Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - M J Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Z Y Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Y L Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - S J Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Y G Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
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