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The Effect of the Dietary Inclusion of Crude Glycerin in Pre-Starter and Starter Diets for Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051249. [PMID: 33926077 PMCID: PMC8145888 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of crude glycerin in post-weaning diets for piglets on growth performance and digestibility. The study was carried out with a total of 360 piglets over a 39 day period. Animals were blocked by body weight (7.7 ± 0.86 kg) and allotted randomly to one of three dietary treatments containing 0, 2.5 or 5% glycerin (G0, G2.5 and G5, respectively). Considering the whole period, glycerin did not affect the average daily gain. However, the average daily feed intake (ADFI) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) tended to decrease or decreased linearly as the amount of glycerin increased, respectively (p = 0.060 and p = 0.039). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry and organic matter (DM, OM) increased linearly with increasing glycerin in both periods (p ≤ 0.05). At the end of the study, there were no differences between treatments for any of the hormones measured. In conclusion, the FCR and digestibility of DM and OM were improved although the ADFI tended to be lower when glycerin was included at 5%. Consequently, crude glycerin could be used as an alternative ingredient to partially replace sweet whey and wheat in post-weaning diets.
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Vida O, Fábián J, Bazar G, Egri B, Tóth T. The effect of dietary glycerol supplementation on milk production and composition, blood parameters and performance of lactating sows. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.103859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Muns R, Nuntapaitoon M, Tummaruk P. Effect of oral supplementation with different energy boosters in newborn piglets on pre-weaning mortality, growth and serological levels of IGF-I and IgG. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:353-360. [PMID: 28177391 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral supplements are commonly used in commercial herds to improve energy status and passive immune acquisition of newborn piglets. However, there is little scientific evidence on the efficacy of oral supplements for piglets. The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of 2 oral supplementation products on piglet pre-weaning mortality and growth. A total of 62 litters (749 piglets) were distributed according to the sow's parity among 3 treatments: 1) CONTROL group, no oral supplementation to piglets; 2) EN group, light piglets (LP: birth BW ≤ 1.35 kg) received 2 doses of 1 mL Lianol Colostro; 3) COLO group, LP received 2 doses of 5 mL ColoBoost. Treatments were administered within 4 h after birth and repeated 8 h after the first dose. Piglets were weighed at d 0, 1, 10, and 21 after birth. Piglet rectal temperature was recorded shortly after birth and at 24 h. Cross-fostering was performed 24 h after birth. Blood samples were obtained from 39 LP at d 5 and 21 to determine IGF-I and IgG levels. Total mortality and LP mortality rate (percentage of LP in the litter that died) were recorded. At d 1, the EN group had a lower total mortality rate (2.1 vs. 7.1 ± 1.4%, = 0.036) and LP mortality rate (4.5 vs. 11.1 ± 2.8%, = 0.047) than the CONTROL group. At d 1, the COLO group tended to have a lower LP mortality rate than the CONTROL group (8.4 vs. 11.1 ± 3.0%, = 0.058). After cross-fostering, the COLO group had a lower LP mortality rate at d 21 than the CONTROL group (6.3 vs. 18.3 ± 2.8%, = 0.043). The total mortality rate and piglet body weight did not differ among groups at d 21. Piglets in the COLO group had a higher IgG level at d 5 than those in the EN group (24.9 vs. 16.3 ± 2.15 mg/mL, = 0.034) and tended to be higher than those in the CONTROL group (24.9 vs. 17.7 ± 2.35 mg/mL, = 0.072). Piglets in the EN group had a higher serum IGF-I concentration than those in the CONTROL group at d 21 (137.6 vs. 100.3 ± 11.15 ng/mL, = 0.030). The results suggested that 2 doses of oral supplementation within 12 h after birth might be effective in increasing small piglet survival and improving their IGF-I or IgG levels during lactation without compromising litter growth.
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Kalia VC, Prakash J, Koul S. Biorefinery for Glycerol Rich Biodiesel Industry Waste. Indian J Microbiol 2016; 56:113-25. [PMID: 27570302 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-016-0583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The biodiesel industry has the potential to meet the fuel requirements in the future. A few inherent lacunae of this bioprocess are the effluent, which is 10 % of the actual product, and the fact that it is 85 % glycerol along with a few impurities. Biological treatments of wastes have been known as a dependable and economical direction of overseeing them and bring some value added products as well. A novel eco-biotechnological strategy employs metabolically diverse bacteria, which ensures higher reproducibility and economics. In this article, we have opined, which organisms and what bioproducts should be the focus, while exploiting glycerol as feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India ; Academy for Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110001 India
| | - Jyotsana Prakash
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India ; Academy for Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110001 India
| | - Shikha Koul
- Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Delhi University Campus, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007 India ; Academy for Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi, 110001 India
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Rocha LOD, Silva JLE, Rodrigues CPDF, Mascarenhas AG, Nunes RDC. GLICERINA BRUTA NAS RAÇÕES PARA LEITÕES NA FASE DE CRECHE. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1089-6891v17i126479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão de glicerina bruta para leitões na fase de creche. No ensaio de desempenho, foram usados 80 animais machos, castrados, com peso inicial de 6,64 ± 0,8 kg. O delineamento foi de blocos ao acaso e os tratamentos consistiram em 0%; 2%; 4% e 6% de glicerina bruta. Houve efeito quadrático para peso final, ganho médio diário e consumo de ração, a máxima inclusão de glicerina bruta foi de 2,77% para maior consumo diário. Para o GMD, o nível de 2,76% de glicerina bruta possibilitou o melhor ganho e peso final; contudo, sem efeito na conversão alimentar. Houve diferença sobre a incidência de diarréia (p=0,014), quando se incluiu 2% de glicerina bruta na dieta. Houve efeito linear decrescente na porcentagem do TGI (p=0,006), intestino delgado (p=0,038), rins (p=0,089) e fígado (p=0,037) dos leitões que não receberam glicerina bruta na ração. Observou-se efeito quadrático no peso relativo do baço e do pâncreas dos leitões, o nível de 2,73% de glicerina bruta resulta em menor peso de pâncreas e 3,04% de glicerina aumentou o peso do baço. O nível de 2,76% de glicerina bruta promove o maior ganho de peso para leitões na fase de creche.
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Papadomichelakis G, Pappas A, Zoidis E, Mountzouris K, Fegeros K. Impact of feeding increasing crude glycerine levels on growth performance, glycerine kinase gene expression, nutrient digestibility and litter quality in broiler chickens. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Oliveira L, Madrid J, Ramis G, Martínez S, Orengo J, Villodre C, Valera L, López M, Pallarés F, Quereda J, Mendonça L, Hernández F. Adding crude glycerin to nursery pig diet: Effect on nutrient digestibility, metabolic status, intestinal morphology and intestinal cytokine expression. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gonçalves LMP, Moreira I, Pozza PC, Carvalho PLDO, Toledo JB, Peñuela-Sierra LM. Semi purified glycerins in growing and finishing pigs feeding (30-90 kg). REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402014000100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were carried out to determine the nutritional value and to evaluate the performance and carcass traits in the growing-finishing pigs fed on two types of semipurified glycerin, which were made from vegetable oil (SPGV) and mixed of animal + vegetable oil (SPGM). In the digestibility trial (experiment I) 32 crossbreed barrows were used with initial body weight of 45.08 ± 4.11kg. It were used three levels of inclusion (6, 12 e 18%) of semipurified glycerin (SPGV and SPGM) in the basal diet. The metabolizable energy (ME) value of glycerin were estimated by regression of ME (kcal/kg) intake associated with glycerin vs. glycerin intake (kg). The values of ME (kcal/kg) obtained were: 2,731 for SPGV and 2,210 for SPGM. In experiment II, 72 pigs (30.08 ± 1.65 to 60.58 ± 3.57) in growing and (60.83 ± 2.63 to 93.79 ± 5.72) in finishing phase, were allotted in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 4 + 1 factorial scheme, with two types of semipurified glycerin (SPGV and SPGA), four inclusion levels (4; 8; 12 and 16%), eight experimental unit and a control diet containing no glycerin (0%). All pigs were slaughtered to evaluate the carcass traits. The performance results suggest that it is feasible to use up to 16% of both semipurified glycerins on growing and finishing pigs feeding, without impairing performance and carcass traits.
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Madrid J, Villodre C, Valera L, Orengo J, Martínez S, López MJ, Megías MD, Hernández F. Effect of crude glycerin on feed manufacturing, growth performance, plasma metabolites, and nutrient digestibility of growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci 2014; 91:3788-95. [PMID: 23908160 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-5684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary addition of crude glycerin on pellet production efficiency and to evaluate its effect on growth performance and digestibility in growing-finishing pigs. Three dietary treatments were created by addition of 0, 2.5, or 5% crude glycerin to barley-soybean meal-based diet, and 4 batches of each dietary treatment (2 each for grower and finisher diets) were prepared. In the manufacturing process, crude glycerin supplementation linearly increased the feeder speed and production rate (P < 0.05), resulting in a 20 to 29% improvement in the feed production rate compared with the control. Production efficiency (kg/kWh) increased linearly (P < 0.05) as the level of crude glycerin in feed increased. A growth experiment was performed with 240 barrows (30 ± 1 kg initial BW) using a 2-phase feeding program over a 12-wk period with 4 pens per treatment and 20 pigs per pen. On the last day of the growth experiment, blood samples were collected to determine circulating glucose, fructosamine, and IGF-1 concentrations. Overall growth performance was not affected (P > 0.05) by dietary treatment, and there was no effect (P > 0.05) of dietary treatment on any plasma metabolite measured. A digestibility experiment involving 9 male pigs housed in metabolic cages was used to determine the coefficients of apparent fecal digestibility and N and mineral balances. Pigs were assigned to 1 of the 3 diets in each feeding period using a 3 × 3 Latin square arrangement of treatments (43 ± 3 and 74 ± 3 kg initial BW in the growing and finishing periods, respectively). In both feeding periods, fecal digestibility of OM and ether extract were affected by dietary treatment, increasing linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing crude glycerin levels. However, neither CP digestibility nor N retention was affected by the glycerin content in either the growing or finishing period. Digestibilities and balance of Ca and P showed opposite tendencies with the variations in crude glycerin content, which either decreased or increased depending on the feeding period. In conclusion, adding crude glycerin to the diet before pelleting improved feed mill production efficiency. The addition of crude glycerin up to 5% in the diet of growing-finishing pigs had no effect on growth performance, blood metabolites, nutrient digestibility, and N balance, but more studies are needed to determine how crude glycerin affects mineral metabolism and balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Madrid
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia, Spain
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Effect of dietary supplementation of crude glycerol or tallow on intestinal transit time and utilization of energy and nutrients in diets fed to broiler chickens. Livest Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Papadomichelakis G, Zoidis E, Mountzouris K, Lippas T, Fegeros K. Glycerine kinase gene expression, nutrient digestibility and gut microbiota composition in post-weaned pigs fed diets with increasing crude glycerine levels. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Shields M, van Heugten E, Odle J, Stark C. Impact of crude glycerol on feed milling characteristics of swine diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Yang F, Hanna MA, Sun R. Value-added uses for crude glycerol--a byproduct of biodiesel production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2012; 5:13. [PMID: 22413907 PMCID: PMC3313861 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-5-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel is a promising alternative, and renewable, fuel. As its production increases, so does production of the principle co-product, crude glycerol. The effective utilization of crude glycerol will contribute to the viability of biodiesel. In this review, composition and quality factors of crude glycerol are discussed. The value-added utilization opportunities of crude glycerol are reviewed. The majority of crude glycerol is used as feedstock for production of other value-added chemicals, followed by animal feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxia Yang
- College of forestry, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
- Department of Biological systems Engineering, Industrial Agricultural Products Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Milford A Hanna
- Department of Biological systems Engineering, Industrial Agricultural Products Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Runcang Sun
- Institute of Biomass Chemistry and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Duttlinger AJ, DeRouchey JM, Tokach MD, Dritz SS, Goodband RD, Nelssen JL, Houser TA, Sulabo RC. Effects of increasing crude glycerol and dried distillers grains with solubles on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and carcass fat quality of finishing pigs1,2. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:840-52. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Duttlinger
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201
| | - J. M. DeRouchey
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201
| | - M. D. Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201
| | - S. S. Dritz
- Food Animal Health and Management Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201
| | - R. D. Goodband
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201
| | - J. L. Nelssen
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201
| | - T. A. Houser
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201
| | - R. C. Sulabo
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201
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