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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Elsabagh M, Wang H, Wang M. Dietary rumen-protected L-arginine or N-carbamylglutamate attenuated fetal hepatic inflammation in undernourished ewes suffering from intrauterine growth restriction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:1095-1104. [PMID: 34738040 PMCID: PMC8545652 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore whether dietary rumen-protected L-arginine (RP-Arg) or N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) supplementation to feed-restricted pregnant ewes counteracts fetal hepatic inflammation and innate immune dysfunction associated with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in ovine fetuses. On d 35 of pregnancy, twin-bearing Hu ewes (n = 32) were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups (8 ewes and 16 fetuses per group) and fed diets containing 100% of the NRC requirements (CON), 50% of the NRC requirements (RES), RES + RP-Arg (20 g/d) (RESA), or RES + NCG (5 g/d) (RESN). At 08:00 on d 110 of gestation, fetal blood and liver tissue samples were collected. The levels of triglyceride, free fatty acid, cholesterol and β-hydroxybutyrate in the fetal blood of RESA and RESN groups were lower (P < 0.05) than those of the RES group, but were higher (P < 0.05) than those of the CON group. The interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 levels in fetal blood and liver tissue as well as the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) mRNA levels in the fetal liver were decreased (P < 0.05) by the NCG or RP-Arg supplementation compared to the RES treatment. Similarly, the toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, MyD88, TGFβ, and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) protein levels in the fetal liver were reduced (P < 0.05) in the NCG and RP-Arg -supplemented groups compared to the RES group. These results showed that dietary supplementation of RP-Arg or NCG to underfed pregnant ewes could protect against IUGR fetal hepatic inflammation via improving lipid metabolism, down-regulating the TLR-4 and the inflammatory JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways, and decreasing cytokine production in ovine fetal blood and liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, 832000, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Mabrouk Elsabagh
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde, 51240, Turkey.,Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Hongrong Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence P. Reynolds
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, and Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050
| | - Kimberly A. Vonnahme
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, and Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050
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Zhu MJ, Du M, Ford SP. CELL BIOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: Impacts of maternal obesity on placental and gut inflammation and health. J Anim Sci 2013; 92:1840-9. [PMID: 24243902 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity in pregnant women is a growing public health concern that negatively affects fetal development and has long-term impacts on offspring health. The placenta plays an essential role in nutrient transport to the fetus and supports fetal growth and development. Maternal obesity (MO) induces an exacerbated proinflammatory milieu in the placenta providing an inflammatory environment for fetuses. The gut is one of the largest immune organs and mainly develops during the fetal stage. Maternal obesity and the corresponding inflammatory uteroplacental environment affect gut development, incurring inflammatory responses in the fetal intestine that further prime or program the offspring gut to enhance inflammation and impair intestinal barrier integrity. This review summarizes the impact of MO on inflammatory responses in placenta and fetal intestine and the long-term effects on offspring intestinal health. Because "leaky gut" is one of the main etiological factors for a number of common diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases, type I diabetes, and related autoimmune diseases, the adverse effect of MO on the overall health of progeny is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman 99164
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