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Mu C, Zhang X, Zhang J, Hao X. Procyanidins regulate colonic metabolome, inflammatory response and antioxidant capacity in lambs fed a high‐concentrate diet. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuntang Mu
- College of Animal Science Shanxi Agricultural University Jinzhong China
| | - Xuanzi Zhang
- College of Animal Science Shanxi Agricultural University Jinzhong China
| | - Jianxin Zhang
- College of Animal Science Shanxi Agricultural University Jinzhong China
| | - Xiaoyan Hao
- College of Animal Science Shanxi Agricultural University Jinzhong China
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de Evan T, Carro M, Fernández Yepes JE, Haro A, Arbesú L, Romero-Huelva M, Molina-Alcaide E. Feeding mango wastes to dairy goats: effects on diet digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and milk yield and composition. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Santos SA, de Carvalho GGP, Azevêdo JAG, Zanetti D, Santos EM, Pereira MLA, Pereira ES, Pires AJV, Valadares Filho SDC, Teixeira IAMDA, Tosto MSL, Leite LC, Mariz LDS. Metabolizable Protein: 1. Predicting Equations to Estimate Microbial Crude Protein Synthesis in Small Ruminants. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:650248. [PMID: 34179156 PMCID: PMC8222605 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.650248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial crude protein (MCP) produced in rumen could be estimated by a variety of protocols of experimental sampling and analysis. However, a model to estimate this value is necessary when protein requirements are calculated for small ruminants. This model could be useful to calculate rumen degradable protein (RDP) requirements from metabolizable protein (MP). Then, our objective was to investigate if there is a difference in MCP efficiency between sheep and goats, and to fit equations to predict ruminal MCP production from dietary energy intake. The database consisted of 19 studies with goats (n = 176) and sheep (n = 316), and the variables MCP synthesis (g/day), total digestible nutrients (TDN), and organic matter (OM) intakes (g/day), and OM digestibility (g/kg DM) were registered for both species. The database was used for two different purposes, where 70% of the values were sorted to fit equations, and 30% for validation. A meta-analytical procedure was carried out using the MIXED procedure of SAS, specie was considered as the fixed dummy effect, and the intercept and slope nested in the study were considered random effects. No effect of specie was observed for the estimation of MCP from TDN, digestible Organic Matter (dOM), or metabolizable energy (ME) intakes (P > 0.05), considering an equation with or without an intercept. Therefore, single models including both species at the same fitting were validated. The following equations MCP (g/day) = 12.7311 + 59.2956 × TDN intake (AIC = 3,004.6); MCP (g/day) = 15.7764 + 62.2612 × dOM intake (AIC = 2,755.1); and MCP (g/day) = 12.7311 + 15.3000 × ME intake (AIC = 3,007.3) presented lower values for the mean square error of prediction (MSEP) and its decomposition, and similar values for the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and for the residual mean square error (RMSE) when compared with equations fitted without an intercept. The intercept and slope pooled test was significant for equations without an intercept (P < 0.05), indicating that observed and predicted data differed. In contrast, predicted and observed data for complete equations were similar (P > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Augusto Gomes Azevêdo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Diego Zanetti
- Department of Animal Science, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas Gerais, Pouso Alegre, Brazil
| | - Edson Mauro Santos
- Center of Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laudi Cunha Leite
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
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Stewart W, Whitney T, Scholljegerdes E, Waldron D, Walker J, Adams R, Musser J. Ruminal fermentation characteristics of goats selectively bred to have greater consumption of juniper foliage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Dos Santos ACS, Santos SA, Carvalho GGP, Mariz LDS, Tosto MSL, Valadares Filho SC, Azevedo JAG. A comparative study on the excretion of urinary metabolites in goats and sheep to evaluate spot sampling applied to protein nutrition trials. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:3381-3397. [PMID: 29767729 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to establish a protocol to validate urine spot samples to estimate N excretion and microbial synthesis in goat and sheep; and to study factors that affect daily creatinine and purine derivatives (PD) urinary excretion. Also a performance trial was carried out to compare goat and sheep slaughtered after different feedlot periods. Twelve Boer goats (20.6 kg ± 3.4 initial BW) and 12 Dorper sheep (18.4 kg ± 2.3 initial BW), all 4-mo-old, males, were used. Eight animals (4 goats and 4 sheep) were randomly allocated to be slaughtered at 28, 56, and 84 d in feedlot. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme, in which the factors were both species and the 3 feedlot periods. Diet consisted of 50% sorghum silage and 50% concentrate on a DM basis. Nutrient intake was higher (P < 0.01) for sheep than goats. Apparent digestibility of nutrients was similar (P > 0.05) in both species. Sheep had greater (P < 0.01) ADG and final BW than goats. Fat deposition and fat:muscle ratio was higher (P < 0.01) in sheep carcasses. Sheep had higher N urinary (P = 0.02) excretion and N retention (g/d; P < 0.01) than goats. Urinary N excretion increased linearly (P < 0.01) in response to feedlot period. However, feedlot did not affect (P = 0.20) N retention, but linearly reduced the relationship between N retained and ingested (P = 0.04) or apparently digested (P < 0.01). Microbial efficiency (P > 0.05) did not differ between species. Creatinine excretion (C mg/d; P < 0.01) was higher in sheep than goats. Purine derivatives (Ŷ) were related closely with OM intake (Ŷ = 0.013±0.0007X; r2 = 94). A difference (P < 0.01) was found between the allometric model for creatinine excretion (Ŷ) and muscle weight (X) for both species, and the following equations were obtained: Ŷ = 89.04(±31.44)X0.9797(±0.16) for goats and Ŷ = 109.8(±47.50)X0.8002(±0.20) for sheep. Creatinine concentration was greater during nocturnal than diurnal periods, with lower diurnal fluctuations. Sampling time did not affect (P = 0.27) the PD:C ratio. The urea (U):C ratio was higher (P < 0.01) in sheep than goats, and was also higher (P < 0.01) during diurnal than nocturnal sampling periods. Our results suggest that it is necessary to take 2 and 3 spot urine samples after feeding to estimate N compounds excretions in goats and sheep, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C S Dos Santos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science/Federal University of Bahia, Salvador City, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - S A Santos
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science/Federal University of Bahia, Salvador City, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - G G P Carvalho
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science/Federal University of Bahia, Salvador City, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - L D S Mariz
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science/Federal University of Bahia, Salvador City, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - M S L Tosto
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science/Federal University of Bahia, Salvador City, Bahia State, Brazil
| | - S C Valadares Filho
- Animal Science Department/Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa City, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - J A G Azevedo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences of the State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus City, Bahia State, Brazil
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Apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation, digestive enzymes and urinary purine derivatives in yaks and Qaidam cattle offered forage-concentrate diets differing in nitrogen concentration. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Saro C, Molina-Alcaide E, Abecia L, Ranilla MJ, Carro MD. Comparison of automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) techniques for analysing the influence of diet on ruminal bacterial diversity. Arch Anim Nutr 2018; 72:85-99. [PMID: 29381103 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2018.1429135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) techniques for analysing the effects of diet on diversity in bacterial pellets isolated from the liquid (liquid-associated bacteria (LAB)) and solid (solid-associated bacteria (SAB)) phase of the rumen. The four experimental diets contained forage to concentrate ratios of 70:30 or 30:70 and had either alfalfa hay or grass hay as forage. Four rumen-fistulated animals (two sheep and two goats) received the diets in a Latin square design. Bacterial pellets (LAB and SAB) were isolated at 2 h post-feeding for DNA extraction and analysed by ARISA and DGGE. The number of peaks in individual samples ranged from 48 to 99 for LAB and from 41 to 95 for SAB with ARISA, and values of DGGE-bands ranged from 27 to 50 for LAB and from 18 to 45 for SAB. The LAB samples from high concentrate-fed animals tended (p < 0.10) to show greater peak numbers and Shannon index values than those isolated from high forage-fed animals with ARISA, but no differences were identified with DGGE. The SAB samples from high concentrate-fed animals had lower (p < 0.05) peak numbers and Shannon index values than those from animals fed high-forage diets with ARISA, but only a trend was noticed for these parameters with DGGE (p < 0.10). The ARISA detected that animals fed alfalfa hay diets showed lower (p < 0.05) SAB diversity than those fed grass hay diets, but no differences were observed with DGGE. No effect of forage type on LAB diversity was detected by any technique. In this study, ARISA detected some changes in ruminal bacterial communities that were not detected by DGGE, and therefore ARISA was considered more appropriate for assessing bacterial diversity of ruminal bacterial pellets. The results highlight the impact of the fingerprinting technique used to draw conclusions on dietary factors affecting bacterial diversity in ruminal bacterial pellets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Saro
- a Dpto. Producción Animal , Universidad de León , León , Spain
| | | | - Leticia Abecia
- b Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC) , Granada , Spain
| | - María José Ranilla
- a Dpto. Producción Animal , Universidad de León , León , Spain.,c Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC) , León , Spain
| | - María Dolores Carro
- d Dpto. Producción Agraria, E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas , Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria , Madrid , Spain
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Lopes L, Carvalho F, Cabral A, Batista Â, Camargo K, Silva J, Ferreira J, Pereira Neto J, Silva J. Replacement of tifton hay with alfalfa hay in diets containing spineless cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck) for dairy goats. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhou J, Mi J, Degen A, Ding L, Guo X, Shang Z, Wang W, Long R. Urinary purine derivatives excretion, rumen microbial nitrogen synthesis and the efficiency of utilization of recycled urea in Tibetan and fine-wool sheep. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dickhoefer U, Ahnert S, Susenbeth A. Effects of quebracho tannin extract on rumen fermentation and yield and composition of microbial mass in heifers1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1561-75. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- U. Dickhoefer
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S. Ahnert
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - A. Susenbeth
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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