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Li H, Dong J, Cui L, Liu K, Guo L, Li J, Wang H. The effect and mechanism of selenium supplementation on the proliferation capacity of bovine endometrial epithelial cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide in vitro under high cortisol background. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae021. [PMID: 38289713 PMCID: PMC10889726 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine endometritis severely inhibits uterine repair and causes considerable economic loss. Besides, parturition-induced high cortisol levels inhibit immune function, reduce cell proliferation, and further inhibit tissue repair. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for animals to maintain normal physiological function and has powerful antioxidant functions. This study investigated whether Se supplementation reduces endometrial damage and promotes tissue repair in cows with endometritis under stress and explored the underlying mechanism. Primary bovine endometrial epithelial cells were isolated and purified from healthy cows. The cells were treated with different combinations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cortisol, and various concentrations of Se. Data showed that LPS stimulation inhibited cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis. High levels of cortisol further exacerbated these effects. Flow cytometry, scratch wound healing tests, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) proliferation assays showed that Se supplementation promoted cell cycle progression, cell migration, and cell proliferation in the presence of LPS and cortisol. The quantitative PCR results showed that the expression of related growth factors was increased after Se supplementation. After administering various inhibitors, we further demonstrated that Se supplementation decreased the activity of glycogen synthetase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway to reduce the degradation of β-catenin except the Wnt signal to promote cell proliferation. In conclusion, Se supplementation attenuated the cell damage induced by LPS at high cortisol levels and increased cell proliferation to promote uterine repair by elevating the mRNA expression of TGFB3 and VEGFA and activating the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Junsheng Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Luying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kangjun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Long Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou 225009, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Gibson M, Lawrence KE, Balcomb C, Laven RA. The effect of parenteral vitamin B 12 on the growth rate of dairy calves over the summer and autumn on seven farms from the Central Plateau, New Zealand. N Z Vet J 2024; 72:10-16. [PMID: 37675455 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2023.2254729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of parenteral vitamin B12 supplementation on the growth rate of dairy heifer calves over the summer and autumn on seven farms from the Central Plateau of New Zealand, an area historically associated with low cobalt levels in grazing pasture. METHODS This was a controlled clinical trial conducted on a convenience sample of seven farms with young female calves randomly assigned to three vitamin B12 treatment groups and followed through a grazing season. Two treatment groups received either monthly SC injections of a short-acting (SA) B12 formulation or 3-monthly injections of a long-acting (LA) B12 formulation and the third group received no treatment (NT). No additional parenteral vitamin B12 was given; however, all calves received additional cobalt (0.04-0.4 mg Co/kg liveweight) in the mineralised anthelmintic drenches given orally every month. Liveweight was recorded in December/January and at the end of the trial in May/June/July depending on farm. Pasture cobalt concentrations (mg/kg DM) were measured every month using 500-g herbage samples from 100-m transects in the area about to be grazed by the trial groups. RESULTS There was evidence for a difference in growth rate between groups with mean final weight of 228 (95% CI = 212-243) kg for the LA groups, 224 (95% CI = 209-239) kg for the SA groups and 226 (95% CI = 211-241) kg for the NT groups respectively, (global p-value = 0.014). Calves given SA vitamin B12 were 3.77 (95% CI = 0.71-6.82) kg lighter than calves given LA vitamin B12 (p = 0.011). There was no evidence for a change in pasture cobalt concentrations (p = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results of this trial raise the question as to whether the routine use of vitamin B12 supplementation in young cattle from areas traditionally thought to be cobalt deficient is necessary, and further raise the possibility that vitamin B12 supplementation by repeated injection of SA products may negatively impact growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K E Lawrence
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - C Balcomb
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - R A Laven
- Tāwharau Ora - School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Bates AJ, Greer A, McAnulty R, Jackson A. Targeted selective treatment with anthelmintic for New Zealand dairy heifers. Vet Parasitol 2022; 309:109757. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2022.109757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Molle G, Cannas A, Gregorini P. A review on the effects of part-time grazing herbaceous pastures on feeding behaviour and intake of cattle, sheep and horses. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.104982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hession DV, Loughrey J, Kendall NR, Hanrahan K, Keady TWJ. Mineral and vitamin supplementation on sheep farms: a survey of practices and farmer knowledge. Transl Anim Sci 2022; 6:txac026. [PMID: 35356232 PMCID: PMC8962750 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineral and vitamin (MV) supplementation is a routine management practice in many pasture-based systems of prime lamb production. The aim of the current study was to establish the MV supplementation practices on Irish sheep farms and farmer’s knowledge and opinions in relation to supplementation strategies and MV deficiencies. A survey, consisting of 22 questions, was administered to all farmers participating in the Teagasc National Farm Survey (NFS) in 2016 which had a sheep enterprise (n = 177). The Teagasc NFS is a stratified random sample of farms with each farm assigned a weighting factor so the results are representative of the national population of farms. Sixty-nine percent of respondents supplemented their flocks with MV in addition to concentrate feed. Twenty-two percent supplemented based on laboratory analysis results (soil, herbage, blood, or tissue analysis). Thirteen percent supplemented based on veterinary advice with only 30% of this advice based on laboratory analysis results. Sixty-five percent supplemented for reasons other than laboratory analysis or veterinary advice; mainly due to tradition and previous experience. The most common stages to supplement ewes were pregnancy (78%), lactation (61%), and pre-mating (50%). Fifty-one percent supplemented lambs post weaning. Mineral buckets (free access solidified molasses-based licks containing MV and in plastic containers) and drenching (oral dosing with MV containing liquid) were the most common methods of supplementing ewes and lambs, respectively. Generic MV products (containing multiple minerals and vitamins) were the most commonly used followed by cobalt only products. Ease of use/labor requirements and cost were the most important factors influencing choice of supplementation method. Forty-six percent rated their level of knowledge on mineral requirements of sheep as “limited or no education/knowledge”. Supplementation with MV did not increase (P > 0.05) ewe productivity (number of lambs reared/ewe joined) or gross margin/ewe. It is concluded that most supplementation decisions in sheep production systems are undertaken in the absence of veterinary advice or laboratory results, therefore are not evidence based. Knowledge transfer activities need to be designed to communicate best practice as regards MV supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Hession
- Animal & Grassland Research & Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - J Loughrey
- Rural Economy & Development Centre, Teagasc, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - N R Kendall
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - K Hanrahan
- Rural Economy & Development Centre, Teagasc, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - T W J Keady
- Animal & Grassland Research & Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland
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López-Alonso M, Miranda M. Copper Supplementation, A Challenge in Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101890. [PMID: 33076570 PMCID: PMC7602799 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ensuring adequate copper supplementation in ruminants is a challenging task due to the complexity of copper metabolism in these animals. The three-way interaction between copper, molybdenum and sulphur (Cu-Mo-S) in the rumen makes ruminants, particularly cattle, very susceptible to suffering from secondary copper deficiency. Paradoxically, excessive copper storage in the liver to prevent deficiency becomes a hazard when ruminants are fed copper-supplemented diets even slightly above requirements. While cattle were traditionally thought to be relatively tolerant of copper accumulation, and reports of copper poisoning were until recently somewhat rare, in recent years an increased number of episodes/outbreaks of copper toxicity in cattle, particularly in dairy cattle, have been reported worldwide. The growing number of lethal cases reported seems to indicate that copper intoxication is spreading silently in dairy herds, urging the development of strategies to monitor herd copper status and improve farmers' awareness of copper toxicity. In fact, monitoring studies carried out on numerous samples collected from culled animals in slaughterhouses and/or diagnostic laboratories have demonstrated that large numbers of animals have hepatic copper concentrations well above adequate levels in many different countries. These trends are undoubtedly due to copper supplementation aimed at preventing copper deficiency, as dietary copper intake from pasture alone is unlikely to cause such high levels of accumulation in liver tissue. The reasons behind the copper overfeeding in cattle are related both to a poor understanding of copper metabolism and the theory of "if adding a little produces a response, then adding a lot will produce a better response". Contrary to most trace elements, copper in ruminants has narrow margins of safety, which must also be formulated considering the concentrations of copper antagonists in the diet. This review paper aims to provide nutritionists/veterinary practitioners with the key points about copper metabolism in cattle to guarantee an adequate copper supply while preventing excessive hepatic copper loading, which requires à la carte copper supplementation for each herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta López-Alonso
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Marta Miranda
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002 Lugo, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-982-822-615
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Kumssa DB, Lovatt JA, Graham NS, Palmer S, Hayden R, Wilson L, Young SD, Lark RM, Penrose B, Ander EL, Thompson R, Jiang LX, Broadley MR. Magnesium biofortification of Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum L.) via agronomy and breeding as a potential way to reduce grass tetany in grazing ruminants. PLANT AND SOIL 2020; 457:25-41. [PMID: 33268909 PMCID: PMC7686178 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-019-04337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM Magnesium (Mg) deficiency (known as grass tetany) is a serious metabolic disorder that affects grazing ruminants. We tested whether Mg-fertiliser can increase Mg concentration of Italian ryegrasses (Lolium multiflorum L.) including a cultivar (cv. Bb2067; 'Magnet'), bred to accumulate larger concentrations of Mg. METHODS Under controlled environment (CE) conditions, three cultivars (cv. Bb2067, cv. Bb2068, cv. RvP) were grown in low-nutrient compost at six fertiliser rates (0-1500 μM MgCl2.6H2O). Under field conditions, the three cultivars in the CE condition and cv. Alamo were grown at two sites, and four rates of MgSO4 fertiliser application rates (0-200 kg ha-1 MgO). Multiple grass cuts were taken over two-years. RESULTS Grass Mg concentration increased with increasing Mg-fertiliser application rates in all cultivars and conditions. Under field conditions, cv. Bb2067 had 11-73% greater grass Mg concentration and smaller forage tetany index (FTI) than other cultivars across the Mg-fertiliser application rates, sites and cuts. Grass dry matter (DM) yield of cv. Bb2067 was significantly (p < 0.05) smaller than cv. Alamo. The effect of Mg-fertiliser rate on DM yield was not significant (p ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Biofortification of grass with Mg through breeding and agronomy can improve the forage Mg concentration for grazing ruminants, even in high-growth spring grass conditions when hypomagnesaemia is most prevalent. Response to agronomic biofortification varied with cultivar, Mg-fertiliser rate, site and weather. The cost:benefit of these approaches and farmer acceptability, and the impact on cattle and sheep grazing on grasses biofortified with Mg requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diriba B. Kumssa
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
| | - J. Alan Lovatt
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Neil S. Graham
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Sarah Palmer
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Rory Hayden
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Lolita Wilson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Scott D. Young
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
| | - R. Murray Lark
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Beth Penrose
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania Australia
| | - E. Louise Ander
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | | | - Lin-Xi Jiang
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Martin R. Broadley
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, UK
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Abstract
In New Zealand, the recommended intake of Se for dairy cattle (0.03 mg/kg dry matter (DM)) is lower than in the United Kingdom and Australia (0.1 and 0.04 mg/kg DM, respectively), and much lower than in the United States of America (0.3 mg/kg DM). Advisors in New Zealand often suggest that New Zealand intake recommendations are far too low and that recommendations from the United States of America should be used. This has created confusion as farmers are given very different advice depending on which recommendations their advisor uses. In this review, we assess whether the published evidence supports the existing dietary requirements and associated Se status thresholds, or if change is required. We focus particularly on the evidence-base in cattle fed a primarily pasture-based diet, as it is critical that dietary recommendations are derived from data created using cows fed similar diets. Accordingly, we also consider whether the increased use of fodder crops, especially during the dry period, is likely to have altered the Se requirements of dairy cows in New Zealand. We report that the science behind the dietary requirements for Se is robust, being supported by factorial models validated using New Zealand data, and on-farm experimental studies. Published nutritional data suggest that the increased use of fodder crops is unlikely to have altered the dietary balance of pro- and antioxidant factors in New Zealand dairy cows in a way that would meaningfully affect Se requirements. However, the lack of specific data on the vitamin E and fatty acid content of the crops being fed in New Zealand means that more information is needed to confirm this conclusion. In general, the existing New Zealand recommendations for Se-status thresholds are supported, although studies are still lacking to properly characterise the upper threshold of the marginal range. Nevertheless many studies in New Zealand, of herds with marginal or low adequate Se status (using New Zealand recommendations), have failed to show an effect of Se supplementation on milk production, intramammary infection or reproductive performance, so it is highly unlikely that the upper threshold of the range is much higher than the current recommendation. Proponents of the hypothesis that Se intakes in New Zealand dairy cattle should be increased by at least 10 times the current recommendations are therefore not using the evidence base correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Hendriks
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - R A Laven
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Neugebauer K, Broadley MR, El-Serehy HA, George TS, McNicol JW, Moraes MF, White PJ. Variation in the angiosperm ionome. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 163:306-322. [PMID: 29412469 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The ionome is defined as the elemental composition of a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, organ or organism. The subset of the ionome comprising mineral nutrients is termed the functional ionome. A 'standard functional ionome' of leaves of an 'average' angiosperm, defined as the nutrient composition of leaves when growth is not limited by mineral nutrients, is presented and can be used to compare the effects of environment and genetics on plant nutrition. The leaf ionome of a plant is influenced by interactions between its environment and genetics. Examples of the effects of the environment on the leaf ionome are presented and the consequences of nutrient deficiencies on the leaf ionome are described. The physiological reasons for (1) allometric relationships between leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and (2) linear relationships between leaf calcium and magnesium concentrations are explained. It is noted that strong phylogenetic effects on the mineral composition of leaves of angiosperm species are observed even when sampled from diverse environments. The evolutionary origins of traits including (1) the small calcium concentrations of Poales leaves, (2) the large magnesium concentrations of Caryophyllales leaves and (3) the large sulphur concentrations of Brassicales leaves are traced using phylogenetic relationships among angiosperm orders, families and genera. The rare evolution of hyperaccumulation of toxic elements in leaves of angiosperms is also described. Consequences of variation in the leaf ionome for ecology, mineral cycling in the environment, strategies for phytoremediation of contaminated land, sustainable agriculture and the nutrition of livestock and humans are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Neugebauer
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Martin R Broadley
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Hamed A El-Serehy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Timothy S George
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | | | - Milton F Moraes
- Graduate Program of Tropical Agriculture, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Philip J White
- Ecological Science Group, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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The efficacy of supplying supplemental cobalt, selenium and vitamin B 12 via the oral drench route in sheep. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Knowles SO, Grace ND. The vitamin B 12 and Se status of lambs during their transition from milk-fed monogastric to grazing herbivore. N Z Vet J 2016; 65:113-118. [PMID: 27788617 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2016.1252701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To estimate how the lamb's transition from a monogastric at birth to a grazing ruminant at weaning affects its dietary intake of trace nutrients from milk and pasture, and to determine whether its vitamin B12 and Se status changes during that period. METHODS We reviewed published reports of field trials in New Zealand where flocks were managed on mixed sward pastures without additional supplements. Information on intakes of milk and pasture was drawn from studies of suckling lambs grazing with ewes for up to 20 weeks. We calculated the quantities of vitamin B12, Co and Se ingested and absorbed by lambs between birth and weaning. Trace nutrient status was based on concentrations of vitamin B12 in serum and Se in blood. Six studies met our inclusion criteria regarding age of lambs, supplementation and sampling frequency. In each, blood had been collected at regular intervals from birth to weaning. Changes over time in concentrations of vitamin B12 and Se were analysed using regression procedures. RESULTS Estimated Se intake increased from approximately 5 µg/day near birth to 25 µg/day near weaning, but Se absorbed was less variable, being approximately 10 µg/day. Estimated vitamin B12 intake near birth was approximately 8 µg/day and increased to 90 µg/day by weaning, with the amount being absorbed increasing from 0.8 to 9 µg/day. Concentrations of trace elements in unsupplemented lambs among the six studies varied from deficient to adequate. Linear regressions indicated that there was little change in concentrations of vitamin B12 and Se between birth and weaning in four studies (p>0.05), and mean concentrations measured at docking did not differ from those at weaning in four studies where this could be assessed (p>0.1). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE From newborn to weaned, a lamb's physiology develops from monogastric to ruminant. The change in diet from milk to pasture presents markedly different chemical forms and concentrations of some trace nutrients. Despite this, the vitamin B12 and Se status of the unsupplemented lambs in these studies changed little during their transition period. This finding supports early monitoring of lambs' trace element status. If a trace element deficiency is detected in lambs at or before docking, then administering supplements may be appropriate. If status is found to be adequate, then it will likely remain so until weaning, at which time the animals' trace element status should be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O Knowles
- a Food Nutrition & Health Team, Food & Bio-based Products Group , AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre , Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442 , New Zealand
| | - N D Grace
- b 26 Williams Road, RD 4, Palmerston North 4474 , New Zealand
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12
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Grace N, Knowles S. Taking action to reduce the risk of copper toxicity in cattle. Vet Rec 2016; 177:490-1. [PMID: 26564888 DOI: 10.1136/vr.h5977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott Knowles
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand e-mail:
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Papachristodoulou C, Stamoulis K, Tsakos P, Vougidou C, Vozikis V, Papadopoulou C, Ioannides K. Liver concentrations of copper, zinc, iron and molybdenum in sheep and goats from northern Greece, determined by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 94:460-467. [PMID: 25694162 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Energy-dispersive X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry was used to determine the concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc, iron and molybdenum in the liver of 76 sheep and goats from the regions of Macedonia-Thrace, northern Greece. In general, metal concentrations were in the adequate range, with one main exception of Cu-deficiency observed in all of the examined goat liver samples and Cu-toxicity found in 4 % of the sheep liver samples. One-way analysis of variance was carried out to determine significant differences among means depending on animal species, sex and age. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore correlations between metal concentrations. The results obtained in the present study are discussed in the framework of diagnostic ranges, suggested for classifying the metal status of sheep and goats, and are compared with liver metal concentrations reported world-wide.
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14
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Grace ND, Knowles SO, Nortjé R. Vitamin B12 status and the effects of vitamin B12 supplementation during the first year of life of spring calves from pasture-fed dairy herds. N Z Vet J 2014; 62:274-8. [DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2014.920701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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