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Webb MJ, Block JJ, Jaeger JR, Funston RN, Gonda MG, Underwood KR, Grubbs JK, Olson KC, Blair AD. Beef color and tenderness response to production systems utilizing additive combinations of growth-promotant technologies. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad092. [PMID: 37583488 PMCID: PMC10424714 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the influence of beef production systems using additive combinations of growth-promotant technologies on meat quality. Steer calves (n = 120) were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) no technology (NT; control), 2) antibiotic treated (ANT; NT plus therapeutic antibiotics, monensin, and tylosin), 3) implant treated (IMP; ANT plus a series of three implants), and 4) beta-agonist treated (BA; IMP plus ractopamine-HCl). Muscle biopsy samples from the longissimus lumborum were extracted from a subset (n = 4 per treatment) of steers to evaluate expression of calpain-1, calpain-2, and calpastatin using real-time RT-PCR. Following carcass chilling, objective color (L*, a*, and b*) was evaluated. The right strip loin was removed from each carcass, portioned into 2.54-cm steaks, and designated to 7, 14, or 21 d postmortem aging periods for analysis of cook loss and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF). The anterior face of each strip loin was used for analysis of crude fat and moisture. Treatment influenced (P < 0.001) L*, a*, and b*. The NT and IMP treatments had greater (P < 0.01) L* values, ANT was intermediate, and BA had the lowest (P < 0.01) L* values. The NT and IMP treatments had higher (P < 0.01) a* and b* values compared with ANT, which were higher (P < 0.01) than BA. Steaks from implanted steers (IMP and BA) tended (P ≤ 0.067) to exhibit higher a* and b* than steaks from nonimplanted steers. Cattle in the NT and ANT treatments produced steaks with increased (P < 0.01) crude fat percentage compared with the IMP and BA treatments, which were similar (P > 0.05). Percent moisture of NT steaks was lower (P < 0.01) than all other treatments, ANT was intermediate, and IMP and BA were similar (P > 0.05) and had the highest (P < 0.01) moisture content. Cook loss tended to be greater (P = 0.088) for implanted steers (IMP and BA) compared to nonimplanted steers (NT and ANT). Steaks from NT and ANT treatments were more tender (P < 0.05) than IMP and BA, which were similar (P > 0.05). Thus, WBSF was lower (P < 0.001) in nonimplanted than implanted steaks. Expression of calpastatin was increased (P ≤ 0.025) in ANT and BA treatments, and there was a tendency for expression of calpain-2 to be increased (P = 0.081) in ANT compared to NT. These results suggest that production systems with limited use of growth promoting technology produced strip loins with more crude fat, less moisture and cook loss, and improved tenderness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Webb
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Eastern West Virginia Community and Technical College, Moorefield, WV 26836, USA
| | - Janna J Block
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - John R Jaeger
- Western Kansas Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas State University, Hays, KS 67601, USA
| | - Rick N Funston
- West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE 69101, USA
| | - Michael G Gonda
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Keith R Underwood
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Judson K Grubbs
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Kenneth C Olson
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Amanda D Blair
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
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Brustolini A, Rodrigues L, Silva F, Peloso J, Aldaz A, Junior M, Figueiredo T, Alkmin D, Fontes D. Interactive effects of feed allowance and ractopamine supplementation on growth performance and carcass traits of physically and immunologically castrated heavy weight pigs. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Moholisa E, Hugo A, Strydom PE, van Heerden I. The effects of animal age, feeding regime and a dietary beta-agonist on tenderness of three beef muscles. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2375-2381. [PMID: 27716945 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal age as determined by number of permanent incisors (p. i.) is used in classification of beef carcasses to describe expected meat tenderness. However, animals differing in age are reared under different production systems (pasture or feedlot). In addition to age, other factors associated with particular production systems may also influence the palatability of meat. Therefore, the effects of age combined with feeding regime and the supplementation of a beta-agonist (zilpaterol) on the tenderness of M. longissimus lumborum (LL), M. semitendinosus (ST) and M. biceps femoris (BF) muscles were investigated. RESULTS Tenderness of LL cuts was least affected by age but zilpaterol significantly decreased tenderness and ageing potential. Tenderness of high-collagen cuts (BF and ST) was negatively affected by age due to reduced collagen solubility. The effect of zilpaterol on these cuts was less significant and BF and ST cuts of the grain-fed A-age animals (0 p. i.) supplemented with zilpaterol (AZ) were more tender than the same cuts of grass-fed animals with 1-2 p. i. (AB-age) and grass-fed animals with 3-6 p. i. (B-age) according to Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and sensory analysis for tenderness. CONCLUSION This study indicates that beta-agonists may influence variation in tenderness within an age class more than age or feeding regime. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ennet Moholisa
- Animal Production Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Irene, South Africa
| | - Arno Hugo
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Phillip E Strydom
- Animal Production Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Irene, South Africa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Ina van Heerden
- Animal Production Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Irene, South Africa
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Effects of ractopamine hydrochloride and dietary protein content on performance, carcass traits and meat quality of Nellore bulls. Animal 2015; 10:539-46. [PMID: 26355556 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731115001895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Ractopamine hydrochloride (RH) alters protein metabolism and improves growth performance in Bos taurus cattle with high carcass fat. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of RH, dietary CP and RH×CP interaction on performance, blood metabolites, carcass characteristics and meat quality of young Nellore bulls. A total of 48 bulls were randomly assigned to four treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. The factors were two levels of dietary CP (100% and 120% of metabolizable protein requirement, defined as CP100 and CP120, respectively), and two levels of RH (0 and 300 mg/animal·per day). Treated animal received RH for the final 35 days before slaughter. Animals were weighed at the beginning of the feedlot period (day 63), at the beginning of ractopamine supplementation (day 0), after 18 days of supplementation (day 18) and before slaughter (day 34). Animals were slaughtered and hot carcass weights recorded. After chilling, carcass data was collected and longissimus samples were obtained for determination of meat quality. The 9-11th rib section was removed for carcass composition analysis. Supplementation with RH increased ADG independently of dietary CP. There was a RH×CP interaction on dry matter intake (DMI), where RH reduced DMI at CP120, with no effect at CP100. Ractopamine improved feed efficiency, without RH×CP interaction. Ractopamine had no effect on plasma creatinine and urea concentration. Greater dietary CP tended to increase blood urea, and there was a RH×CP interaction for plasma total protein. Ractopamine supplementation increased plasma total protein at CP120, and had no effect at CP100. Ractopamine also decreased plasma glucose concentration at CP100, but had no effect at CP120. Ractopamine increased alkaline phosphatase activity at CP120 and had no effect at CP100. There was a tendency for RH to increase longissimus muscle area, independently of dietary CP. Ractopamine did not alter fat thickness; however, fat thickness was reduced by greater CP in the diet. Supplementation with RH decreased meat shear force, but only at day 0 of aging, having no effect after 7, 14 or 21 days. Greater dietary protein increased meat shear force after 0 and 7 days of aging, with no effect after 14 or 21 days. These results demonstrate for the first time the efficacy of ractopamine supplementation to improve gain and feed efficiency of intact Bos indicus males, with relatively low carcass fat content. Ractopamine effects were not further improved by increasing dietary protein content above requirements.
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Garmyn AJ, Brooks JC, Hodgen JM, Nichols WT, Hutcheson JP, Rathmann RJ, Miller MF. Comparative effects of supplementing beef steers with zilpaterol hydrochloride, ractopamine hydrochloride, or no beta agonist on strip loin composition, raw and cooked color properties, shear force, and consumer assessment of steaks aged for fourteen or twenty-one days postmortem1,2. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:3670-84. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Garmyn
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - J. C. Brooks
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | | | | | | | - R. J. Rathmann
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - M. F. Miller
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
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