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Xu J, Noel SJ, Lauridsen C, Lærke HN, Canibe N. Liquid fermented cereals with added Pediococcus acidilactici did not reduce post-weaning diarrhea in pigs - an Escherichia coli challenge study. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1147165. [PMID: 37252380 PMCID: PMC10213407 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1147165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of feeding fermented liquid feed (FLF) with added Pediococcus acidilactici to weaning piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4 on aspects of diarrhea, performance, immune responses, and intestinal epithelial barrier function was investigated. A total of 46 weaners (weaning at 27-30 days of age) were assigned to four treatments: (1) Non-challenged and dry feed (Non-Dry); (2) Challenged and dry feed (Ch-Dry); (3) Non-challenged and FLF (Non-Ferm); (4) Challenged and FLF (Ch-Ferm). All groups received the same feed, either dry (Non-Dry and Ch-Dry), or in liquid form (Non-Ferm and Ch-Ferm) in which the cereals with added P. acidilactici (106 CFU/g cereals) had been fermented for 24 h at 30°C. On day 1 and 2 post weaning, Ch-Dry and Ch-Ferm were orally inoculated with 5 mL × 109 CFU ETEC F4/mL, whereas the Non-Dry and Non-Ferm received the same amount of saline. Fecal samples and blood samples were collected through the study period. The microbial composition, concentration of microbial metabolites and nutrient composition indicated that the quality of the FLF was high. In the first week, ADFI of both non-challenged groups was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the Ch-Ferm group. The two challenged groups had higher fecal levels of FaeG gene (ETEC F4 fimbriae) from day 2 to 6 post weaning (p < 0.01), and higher risk of having ETEC F4 present in feces from day 3 to 5 post weaning (p < 0.05) compared to non-challenged groups, indicating the validity of the ETEC challenge model. Generally, ADG of the two groups fed FLF were numerically higher than those fed dry feed. Neither challenge nor FLF affected diarrhea. No significant differences were measured between Ch-Ferm and Ch-Dry regarding the level of plasma haptoglobin and C-reactive protein, hematological parameters or parameters related to epithelial barrier. The data indicated a low level of infection caused by the ETEC challenge, while recovery from weaning stress could be observed. The study showed that a strategy like this can be a way of providing a high level of probiotics to pigs by allowing their proliferation during fermentation.
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Li P, Ji X, Deng X, Hu S, Wang J, Ding K, Liu N. Effect of rapeseed meal degraded by enzymolysis and fermentation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and health status of broilers. Arch Anim Nutr 2022; 76:221-232. [PMID: 36645048 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2022.2162801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the nutritional changes of degraded rapeseed meal and its effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and health status of broilers. Raw rapeseed meal (CON), degraded by enzymolysis (protease, ERM), fermentation (Bacillus subtilis, FRM) or both (DRM) were included in diets at 25% and fed to 480 yellow-feathered broilers at 22-63 d of age. Results showed that rapeseed peptide contents (≤1 kDa) were increased (p < 0.05) from 4.13% (CON) to 35.5% (ERM), 24.1% (FRM) and 50.4% (DRM); glucosinolate and erucic acid in DRM were decreased (p < 0.05) by 71.6% and 86.2%, respectively, compared to CON. There were increases (p ≤ 0.029) in feed intake, body weight gain, feed efficiency and precaecal digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, cysteine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, threonine, tryptophan and valine in the three degraded diets. Also, serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were raised (p ≤ 0.034) in the degraded diets. Additionally, DRM showed more pronounced effects (p < 0.05) on variables related to growth, digestibility and health than ERM and FRM. It is concluded that rapeseed meal degraded by both enzymolysis and fermentation can increase its nutritional values and application in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Department of Animal Science, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- Department of Animal Science, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xuejuan Deng
- National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Hu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Department of Animal Science, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijing, China
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(Bio)Technological processing of poultry and pig feed: Impact on the composition, digestibility, anti-nutritional factors and hygiene. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Torres-Pitarch A, Gardiner GE, Cormican P, Rea M, Crispie F, O'Doherty JV, Cozannet P, Ryan T, Cullen J, Lawlor PG. Effect of cereal fermentation and carbohydrase supplementation on growth, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microbiota in liquid-fed grow-finishing pigs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13716. [PMID: 32792575 PMCID: PMC7426827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the impact of fermenting the cereal fraction of the diet (Cferm) and enzyme supplementation (ENZ) on the bacterial composition of the feed, nutrient digestibility, pig growth, feed efficiency (FE), intestinal volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and intestinal microbiota composition. A total of 252 grow-finisher pigs (~ 40.4 kg; 7 pigs/pen) were randomly allocated to 4 diets in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement for 55d. The diets were: (1) fresh liquid feed (Fresh); (2) Cferm liquid feed (Ferm); (3) Fresh + ENZ and (4) Ferm + ENZ. Cferm increased total tract nutrient digestibility, reduced caecal butyrate and propionate concentrations, and increased average daily gain (ADG). ENZ increased ileal and total tract nutrient digestibility, reduced caecal isobutyrate and propionate concentrations, and improved FE. Bacterial taxa positively correlated with pig growth (Lactobacillus kisonensis in the ileum and Roseburia faecis in the caecum) were more abundant in pigs fed ENZ diets, whereas most of the ileal bacterial taxa negatively correlated with growth (Megasphaera, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus) had lower abundance in pigs fed Cferm diets. In conclusion, Cferm increased ADG and ENZ improved FE, with these improvements possibly mediated by increased nutrient digestibility, and beneficial modulation of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Torres-Pitarch
- Teagasc, Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland.,School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gillian E Gardiner
- Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Paul Cormican
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Grange, County Meath, Ireland
| | - Mary Rea
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fiona Crispie
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John V O'Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Tomas Ryan
- Teagasc, Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - James Cullen
- Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Peadar G Lawlor
- Teagasc, Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland.
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Effect of cereal soaking and carbohydrase supplementation on growth, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microbiota in liquid-fed grow-finishing pigs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1023. [PMID: 31974415 PMCID: PMC6978375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57668-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soaking the cereal fraction of a liquid diet prior to feeding (Csoak), and/or carbohydrase enzyme supplementation (ENZ) are likely to modulate both feed and intestinal microbial populations and improve feed efficiency (FE) in pigs. To test this hypothesis, a total of 392 grow-finisher pigs (~33.4 kg, 7 pigs/pen) were randomly allocated to 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement for 70 days as follows: (1) fresh liquid feed (Fresh); (2) Cereal soaked liquid feed (Soak); (3) Fresh + ENZ and (4) Soak + ENZ. An interaction between ENZ and Csoak was found for average daily gain (ADG) during the growing phase (day 0 to 21; P < 0.05) where pigs fed the Soak + ENZ diet had higher ADG than pigs fed the Fresh + ENZ diet. No treatment effect was found for ADG thereafter. Enzyme supplementation increased total tract nutrient digestibility (P < 0.05) and reduced caecal VFA concentrations (P < 0.05) but did not improve pig growth or FE. Both Csoak and ENZ modulated intestinal microbiota composition; increasing abundance of bacterial taxa that were negatively correlated with pig growth and reducing abundance of taxa positively correlated with pig growth and caecal butyrate concentration. In conclusion, both strategies (Csoak and ENZ) improved nutrient digestibility in pigs and modulated intestinal microbiota composition.
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Torres-Pitarch A, Manzanilla E, Gardiner G, O’Doherty J, Lawlor P. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of feed enzymes on growth and nutrient digestibility in grow-finisher pigs: Effect of enzyme type and cereal source. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhang S, Song J, Deng Z, Cheng L, Tian M, Guan W. Effects of combined α-galactosidase and xylanase supplementation on nutrient digestibility and growth performance in growing pigs. Arch Anim Nutr 2017; 71:441-454. [PMID: 29110578 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2017.1389217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of combined supplementation of α-galactosidase and xylanase on nutrient digestibility and growth performance in growing pigs. Experiment 1 had a 2 × 2 Latin square design, where eight barrows (45.0 ± 0.52 kg body weight [BW]) were fitted with a simple T-cannula in the distal ileum and received a basal diet without or with supplementation of α-galactosidase (12 U/kg diet) and xylanase (15 AXC/kg diet) within two periods of 10 d. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, pH, viscosity of digesta and digestive enzyme activities were assessed. In Experiment 2, a total of 432 growing pigs (initial BW 44.7 ± 0.66 kg) were allocated to four treatments. Diets were based on corn and soybean meal and had a normal or reduced nutrient level (reduced by 0.42 kJ digestible energy [DE] per kg and 0.8% crude protein). Both diets were offered without or with supplementation of α-galactosidase and xylanase. The growth performance was assessed within a 43-d feeding period, where at the end, biochemical serum indices were estimated. In Experiment 1, the enzyme-supplemented diet had a greater contents of DE and DE/gross energy ratio (p < 0.05), and a higher AID of Arg, raffinose, stachyose and arabinoxylan (p < 0.05). In Experiment 2, the low nutrient level caused lower daily gain (p < 0.05), which was partially compensated by enzyme addition. Enzyme addition also increased the serum concentration of Lys (p < 0.05). Moreover, it appears that the tested enzyme supplementation could increase dietary DE, serum total amino acid concentrations and decrease serum urea nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Zhang
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control , College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Junjie Song
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control , College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zixiao Deng
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control , College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Lin Cheng
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control , College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Min Tian
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control , College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wutai Guan
- a Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control , College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
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