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Jaglan K, Ravikumar D, Sukhija N, George L, Alex R, Vohra V, Verma A. Genomic clues of association between clinical mastitis and SNPs identified by ddRAD sequencing in Murrah buffaloes. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4538-4546. [PMID: 36639144 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2165937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The total milk production of India is 209.96 MT out of which 45% is contributed by the indigenous buffalo and due to their high producing virtue, the prevalence of mastitis is 5-20%. Despite the increasing level of technological advancement, mastitis is still an issue of concern for dairy industry in India as well as across the world. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the SNPs and associate them with the incidence of clinical mastitis in Murrah buffalo using the ddRAD sequencing approach taking mastitis incidence data of 96 Murrah buffaloes. A total of 246 million quality controlled reads were obtained with an average alignment rate of 99.01% and at a read depth of 10, quality controlled SNPs obtained were 18,056. The logistic regression model was used and a total of seven SNPs were found significantly associated (p < 0.001) with mastitis incidence and seven genes were identified viz., NCBP1, FOXN3, TPK1, XYLT2, CPXM2, HERC1, and OPCML. The majority of them were having tumor suppressing action, related to immunogenetics or glycolytic and energy production. Conclusively, the SNPs identified in this study may be useful for future studies on mastitis incidence in Murrah buffalo and the SNP associations can be further validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Jaglan
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - D Ravikumar
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Nidhi Sukhija
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Linda George
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Rani Alex
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Vikas Vohra
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Archana Verma
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Van Saun RJ. Ruminant Metabolic Diseases: Perturbed Homeorhesis. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2023; 39:185-201. [PMID: 37032294 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The 6-week period encompassing parturition, termed the transition period, is recognized as the most fragile period in the life cycle of the ruminant animal. The period accounts for the greatest risk of health events that can adversely affect animal health, lactational performance, and future reproductive success. Critical endocrine and metabolic adaptations take place in allowing the animal to change nutrient priorities from supporting pregnancy to sustaining lactation. A reductionist perspective of underlying pathogenesis provided minimal metabolic disease prevalence improvement. Recent research has recognized metabolic regulatory complexity and role for activated inflammatory response underpinning dysregulation of homeorhesis during transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Van Saun
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 108 C Animal, Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Building, University Park, PA 16802-3500, USA.
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Fazio E, Bionda A, Liotta L, Amato A, Chiofalo V, Crepaldi P, Satué K, Lopreiato V. Changes of acute-phase proteins, glucose, and lipid metabolism during pregnancy in lactating dairy cows. Arch Anim Breed 2022; 65:329-339. [PMID: 36267480 PMCID: PMC9562691 DOI: 10.5194/aab-65-329-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of different stages of lactation (0 to > 300 d) and pregnancy (0 to > 180 d) on serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose, total cholesterol (TCho), and triglyceride (TG) concentrations in dairy cows of different breeds. Thus, 40 healthy multiparous cows (10 Holstein, 10 Simmental, 10 Brown, and 10 Modicana) were randomly selected, and blood samples were collected once every 60 d for 1 year. Overall, SAA and CRP serum concentrations progressively increased and became more variable along the lactation, peaking at > 240-300 d, and then decreased in the last period ( > 300 d). Along pregnancy, SAA and CRP initially increased, with the highest concentrations at > 60-120 d, and then decreased until the last phase of pregnancy ( > 180 d). However, lactation and gestation phases did not significantly affect SAA and CRP when all the cows were analyzed together. A significant and positive correlation was observed between SAA and CRP both along lactation ( r = 0.89 ; p < 0.0001 ) and pregnancy ( r = 0.91 ; p < 0.0001 ). Breeds only showed differences in CRP levels along gestation ( p = 0.0102 ), due to a peak registered at 0-60 d in Holstein cows. In pregnant cows, glucose was positively correlated with SAA ( r = 0.43 ; p = 0.0017 ) and CRP ( r = 0.42 ; p = 0.0019 ). Hence, these significant and positive relationships reflect the physiological adaptations of the dairy cows along both gestational and lactational dynamics, suggesting that these proteins may also be involved in non-pathological processes. In this perspective, this study established that the obtained response markedly varies among healthy individuals along lactation and gestation and thus that the physiological range of acute-phase proteins (APPs) is wide; this makes it difficult to use these proteins as a marker of different physiological reproductive and productive periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esterina Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, Viale
Palatucci, 13, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Arianna Bionda
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, Viale
Palatucci, 13, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Liotta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, Viale
Palatucci, 13, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Annalisa Amato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, Viale
Palatucci, 13, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Chiofalo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, Viale
Palatucci, 13, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Crepaldi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan
University, Via Celoria, 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Katiuska Satué
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, 46115, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, Viale
Palatucci, 13, 98168, Messina, Italy
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Marins TN, Monteiro APA, Weng X, Guo J, Orellana Rivas RM, Bernard JK, Tomlinson DJ, DeFrain JM, Tao S. Response of lactating dairy cows fed different supplemental zinc sources with and without evaporative cooling to intramammary lipopolysaccharide infusion: metabolite and mineral profiles in blood and milk. J Anim Sci 2021; 98:5917804. [PMID: 33011760 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of evaporative cooling and dietary supplemental Zn source on blood metabolites, insulin and mineral concentrations, and milk mineral concentrations following intramammary lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion. Seventy-two multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to one of four treatments with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments included two environments: with or without evaporative cooling using fans and misters over the freestall and feedbunk, and two dietary sources of supplemental Zn: 75 mg/kg of dry matter (DM) supplied by Zn hydroxychloride (inorganic Zn; IOZ) or Zn hydroxychloride (35 mg of Zn/kg of DM) + Zn-Met complex (ZMC; 40 mg of Zn/kg of DM). A subset of cows (n = 16; 263 ± 63 d in milk) was infused with 10 μg of LPS or a saline control in the left or right rear quarters on day 34 of the environmental treatment. Individual milk samples collected from LPS-infused quarters at -4, 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 144 h relative to infusion were analyzed for minerals. Blood samples were collected at the same time with an additional sample collected at 3 h post-infusion to analyze glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin, and minerals. Cooling by time interactions (P ≤ 0.07) were observed for plasma glucose, NEFA, and serum insulin. Compared with cooled cows, non-cooled cows had lower concentrations of plasma glucose except at 3 h following intramammary LPS infusion, greater serum insulin at 3 and 12 h, and lower plasma NEFA at 24 and 48 h after infusion. Relative to cooled cows, non-cooled cows tended (P = 0.07) to have lower serum K concentration and had lower (P < 0.01) serum Zn 6 h following infusion (cooling by time interaction: P < 0.01). Relative to ZMC cows, IOZ cows had greater (P ≤ 0.09) concentrations of plasma Se, skim milk Na and Se, and skim milk Na to K ratio. Regardless of treatment, intramammary LPS infusion reduced (P < 0.01) serum or plasma concentrations of Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Se, but increased (P < 0.01) their concentration in skim milk. In conclusion, deprivation of cooling resulted in more rapid and prolonged insulin release and influenced the systemic and mammary mineral metabolism during mammary inflammation induced by LPS of lactating dairy cows. Dietary supplementation of Zn-Met complex reduced blood and milk Se concentrations compared with cows fed Zn from an inorganic source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago N Marins
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA
| | - Ana P A Monteiro
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA
| | - Xisha Weng
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA
| | - Jinru Guo
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA
| | | | - John K Bernard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA
| | | | | | - Sha Tao
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA
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Gross JJ, Grossen-Rösti L, Wall SK, Wellnitz O, Bruckmaier RM. Metabolic status is associated with the recovery of milk somatic cell count and milk secretion after lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:5604-5615. [PMID: 32253039 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-18032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infections of the mammary gland in dairy cows are commonly accompanied by reduced milk production and feed intake and poor milk quality. The metabolic status of early-lactating cows is known to affect immune response to pathogens and imposed immune challenges. We investigated the extent to which metabolic status before an intramammary lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge (LPS-CH) is associated with immune response, milk production, and feed intake and the recovery thereof. In 15 Holstein cows, weekly blood sampling and daily recording of dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition, and body weight (to calculate energy balance) was started immediately after parturition. In wk 4 after parturition, cows underwent an intramammary LPS-CH (50 μg of LPS into 1 quarter). Blood and milk samples were taken in parallel at 30- and 60-min intervals, respectively, until 10 h after the LPS application. Plasma concentrations of glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), cortisol, and insulin were analyzed. In milk, serum albumin, IgG concentration, somatic cell count (SCC), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were determined. Dry matter intake and milk yield were recorded for an additional 6 d. Milk of the LPS-treated quarter was sampled at every milking for 8 d after the challenge. Based on plasma glucose concentrations in wk 1 to 4 after parturition before the LPS-CH, cows were retrospectively grouped into a high-glucose group (HG; 3.34-3.93 mmol/L, n = 7) and a low-glucose group (LG; 2.87-3.31 mmol/L, n = 8). Data were evaluated using mixed models with time, group, and time × group interaction as fixed effects and cow as repeated subject. Glucose was lower and BHB was higher in LG compared with HG before LPS-CH, whereas dry matter intake, energy balance, and SCC did not differ. During LPS-CH, SCC and LDH increased similarly in HG and LG, body temperature increased less in HG, and BHB and nonesterified fatty acids were higher in LG compared with HG. Dry matter intake declined in both groups during the day of the LPS-CH but recovered to prechallenge values faster in HG. Milk yield recovered within 2 d after the LPS-CH with no differences in morning milkings, whereas evening milk yield increased faster in HG. During 8 d after LPS-CH, SCC, LDH, IgG, and serum albumin in milk were lower in HG compared with LG. In conclusion, the level of circulating glucose and BHB concentrations in cows was associated with metabolic responses during an LPS-CH as well as the recovery of udder health and performance thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Gross
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - L Grossen-Rösti
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - S K Wall
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - O Wellnitz
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - R M Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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Alharthi AS, Lopreiato V, Dai H, Bucktrout R, Abdelmegeid M, Batistel F, Parys C, Shen X, Ballou MA, Trevisi E, Alhidary IA, Abdelrahman MM, Loor JJ. Short communication: Supply of methionine during late pregnancy enhances whole-blood innate immune response of Holstein calves partly through changes in mRNA abundance in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:10599-10605. [PMID: 31447163 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The supply of methionine (Met) in late pregnancy can alter mRNA abundance of genes associated with metabolism and immune response in liver and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) of the neonatal calf. Whether prenatal supply of Met elicits postnatal effects on systemic inflammation and innate immune response of the calf is not well known. We investigated whether enhancing the maternal supply of Met via feeding ethyl-cellulose rumen-protected Met (RPM) was associated with differences in calf innate immune response mRNA abundance in PMN and systemic indicators of inflammation during the first 50 d of life. Calves (n = 14 per maternal diet) born to cows fed RPM at 0.09% of diet dry matter per day (MET) for the last 28 ± 2 d before calving or fed a control diet with no added Met (CON) were used. Blood for biomarker analysis and isolation of PMN for innate immune function assays and mRNA abundance was harvested at birth (before colostrum feeding) and at 7, 21 and 50 d of age. Whole blood was challenged with enteropathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli 0118:H8) and phagocytosis and oxidative burst of neutrophils and monocytes were quantified via flow cytometry. Although concentration of haptoglobin and activity of myeloperoxidase among calves from both maternal groups increased markedly between 0 and 7 d of age followed by a decrease to baseline at d 21 the responses were lower in MET compared with CON calves. Nitric oxide concentration decreased markedly between 0 and 7 d regardless of maternal group but MET calves tended to have lower overall concentrations during the study. In vitro phagocytosis in stimulated neutrophils increased markedly over time in both CON and MET calves but responses were overall greater in MET calves. Oxidative burst in both neutrophils and monocytes increased over time regardless of maternal treatment. The mRNA abundance of lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and S100 calcium binding protein A8 (S100A8) in PMN was overall greater in MET calves. Overall data suggest that increasing the maternal supply of Met during late pregnancy could affect the neonatal calf inflammatory status and innate immune response. Although changes in mRNA abundance could play a role in coordinating the immune response the exact mechanisms merit further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Alharthi
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - V Lopreiato
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza 29122, Italy
| | - H Dai
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - R Bucktrout
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - M Abdelmegeid
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh 33516, Egypt
| | - F Batistel
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan 84322
| | - C Parys
- Evonik Nutrition and Care GmbH, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - X Shen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - M A Ballou
- Department of Animal Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - E Trevisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza 29122, Italy
| | - I A Alhidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M M Abdelrahman
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - J J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
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Pires JAA, Pawlowski K, Rouel J, Delavaud C, Foucras G, Germon P, Leroux C. Undernutrition modified metabolic responses to intramammary lipopolysaccharide but had limited effects on selected inflammation indicators in early-lactation cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:5347-5360. [PMID: 30904313 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to assess effects of experimentally induced undernutrition on responses to an intramammary lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in early-lactation cows. Starting at 24 ± 3 d in milk, multiparous Holstein cows either received a ration containing 48% straw for 96 h to restrict nutrient intake (REST, n = 8) or were allowed ad libitum intake of a lactation diet (CONT, n = 9). After 72 h on diet or after an equivalent period for CONT, 50 µg of LPS (Escherichia coli 0111:B4) was injected into one healthy rear mammary quarter to induce an acute inflammation response. Blood samples were collected weekly until 7 wk of lactation, daily during feed restriction (or control), before and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, and 24 h relative to LPS injection. Foremilk quarter samples were collected before and at 4, 6, 10, and 24 h after LPS injection. Dry matter intake, milk yield, energy balance, plasma glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations did not differ between CONT and REST immediately before nutrient restriction in REST (least squares means at d -1 were 21.8, 39.0 kg/d, -2.5 MJ/d, and 3.78, 0.415, 0.66 mM, respectively) but were significantly altered at 72 h of nutrient restriction (9.8, 28.3 kg/d, -81.6 MJ/d, and 2.77, 1.672, and 2.98 mM, respectively), when the LPS challenge was performed. The rectal temperature increment from baseline values in response to LPS did not differ, but cortisol increment was greater and cortisol response area under the curve (AUC) tended to be greater [202 vs. 122 (ng/mL) × 10 h] for REST than CONT. No treatment differences were observed in foremilk IL-8, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3 concentrations in response to LPS injection. Composite milk somatic cell count per milliliter (6.919 × 106 vs. 1.956 × 106 cells/mL) and total number of somatic cells secreted in milk per day were greater for REST than CONT during the day following LPS. Plasma glucose, urea, and insulin concentrations increased after the LPS challenge, suggesting establishment of insulin resistance and modifications of glucose metabolism to support acute inflammation in both CONT and REST. Nonetheless, nutrient-restricted cows had delayed plasma insulin and glucose responses to LPS, smaller insulin AUC but greater glucose AUC compared with CONT, despite the limited nutrient availability to sustain an inflammation response. Undernutrition altered peripheral metabolic responses to an intramammary LPS challenge but had limited effects on selected indicators of inflammation response in early-lactation cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A A Pires
- INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - K Pawlowski
- INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - J Rouel
- INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - C Delavaud
- INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - G Foucras
- IHAP (Interactions Hôtes-Agents pathognènes), Université de Toulouse, ENVT, INRA, UMR 1225, F-31076 Toulouse cedex 03, France
| | - P Germon
- ISP (Infectiologie et Santé Publique), INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - C Leroux
- INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis 95616
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Keane OM. Symposium review: Intramammary infections-Major pathogens and strain-associated complexity. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:4713-4726. [PMID: 30827546 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Intramammary infection (IMI) is one of the most costly diseases to the dairy industry. It is primarily due to bacterial infection and the major intramammary pathogens include Escherichia coli, Streptococcus uberis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The severity and outcome of IMI is dependent on several host factors including innate host resistance, energy balance, immune status, parity, and stage of lactation. Additionally, the infecting organism can influence the host immune response and progression of disease. It is increasingly recognized that not only the infecting pathogen species, but also the strain, can affect the transmission, severity, and outcome of IMI. For each of 3 major IMI-associated pathogens, S. aureus, Strep. uberis, and E. coli, specific strains have been identified that are adapted to the intramammary environment. Strain-dependent variation in the host immune response to infection has also been reported. The diversity of strains associated with IMI must be considered if vaccines effective against the full repertoire of mammary pathogenic strains are to be developed. Although important advances have been made recently in understanding the molecular mechanism underpinning strain-specific virulence, further research is required to fully elucidate the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of mammary adapted strains and the role of the strain in influencing the pathophysiology of infection. Improved understanding of molecular pathogenesis of strains associated with bovine IMI will contribute to the development of new control strategies, therapies, and vaccines. The development of enabling technologies such as pathogenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics can facilitate system-level studies of strain-specific molecular pathogenesis and the identification of key mediators of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Keane
- Animal and Bioscience Department, Teagasc, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland C15 PW93.
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Gross JJ, Grossen-Rösti L, Héritier R, Tröscher A, Bruckmaier RM. Inflammatory and metabolic responses to an intramammary lipopolysaccharide challenge in early lactating cows supplemented with conjugated linoleic acid. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e838-e848. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Gross
- Veterinary Physiology; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - L. Grossen-Rösti
- Veterinary Physiology; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - R. Héritier
- Veterinary Physiology; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | | | - R. M. Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology; Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
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Moyes KM, Sørensen P, Bionaz M. The Impact of Intramammary Escherichia coli Challenge on Liver and Mammary Transcriptome and Cross-Talk in Dairy Cows during Early Lactation Using RNAseq. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157480. [PMID: 27336699 PMCID: PMC4919052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to identify the biological response and the cross-talk between liver and mammary tissue after intramammary infection (IMI) with Escherichia coli (E. coli) using RNAseq technology. Sixteen cows were inoculated with live E. coli into one mammary quarter at ~4–6 weeks in lactation. For all cows, biopsies were performed at -144, 12 and 24 h relative to IMI in liver and at 24 h post-IMI in infected and non-infected (control) mammary quarters. For a subset of cows (n = 6), RNA was extracted from both liver and mammary tissue and sequenced using a 100 bp paired-end approach. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and the Dynamic Impact Approach analysis of differentially expressed genes (overall effect False Discovery Rate≤0.05) indicated that IMI induced an overall activation of inflammation at 12 h post-IMI and a strong inhibition of metabolism, especially related to lipid, glucose, and xenobiotics at 24 h post-IMI in liver. The data indicated in mammary tissue an overall induction of inflammatory response with little effect on metabolism at 24 h post-IMI. We identified a large number of up-stream regulators potentially involved in the response to IMI in both tissues but a relatively small core network of transcription factors controlling the response to IMI for liver whereas a large network in mammary tissue. Transcriptomic results in liver and mammary tissue were supported by changes in inflammatory and metabolic mediators in blood and milk. The analysis of potential cross-talk between the two tissues during IMI uncovered a large communication from the mammary tissue to the liver to coordinate the inflammatory response but a relatively small communication from the liver to the mammary tissue. Our results indicate a strong induction of the inflammatory response in mammary tissue and impairment of liver metabolism 24h post-IMI partly driven by the signaling from infected mammary tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Moyes
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KMM); (MB)
| | - P. Sørensen
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - M. Bionaz
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KMM); (MB)
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Garcia M, Elsasser T, Juengst L, Qu Y, Bequette B, Moyes K. Short communication: Amino acid supplementation and stage of lactation alter apparent utilization of nutrients by blood neutrophils from lactating dairy cows in vitro. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:3777-3783. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rijnkels M. TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM: Nutrigenomics in dairy cows. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:5529-30. [PMID: 26641163 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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