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Schwarz C, Mathieu J, Gomez JL, Miller MR, Tikhonova M, Nagaraja T, Alvarez PJJ. Unexpected finding of Fusobacterium varium as the dominant Fusobacterium species in cattle rumen: potential implications for liver abscess etiology and interventions. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad130. [PMID: 37104065 PMCID: PMC10195197 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium varium has been generally overlooked in cattle rumen microbiome studies relative to the presumably more abundant liver abscess-causing Fusobacterium necrophorum. However, F. varium was found to be more abundant in the rumen fluid of cattle and under culture conditions tailored to enrich F. necrophorum. Using near-full length 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing, we demonstrate that F. varium grows under restrictive conditions commonly used to enumerate F. necrophorum, suggesting that previous F. necrophorum abundance assessment may have been inaccurate and that F. varium may be an underestimated member of the ruminal bacterial community. Fusobacterium varium were not as susceptible as F. necrophorum to in-feed antibiotics conventionally used in feedlots. Exposure to tylosin, the current gold standard for liver abscess reduction strategies in cattle, consistently hindered growth of the F. necrophorum strains tested by over 67% (P < 0.05) relative to the unexposed control. In contrast, F. varium strains were totally or highly resistant (0%-13% reduction in maximum yield, P < 0.05). Monensin, an ionophore antibiotic, had greater inhibitory activity against F. necrophorum than F. varium. Finally, preliminary genomic analysis of two F. varium isolates from the rumen revealed the presence of virulence genes related to those of pathogenic human F. varium isolates associated with active invasion of mammalian cells. The data presented here encourage further investigation into the ecological role of F. varium within the bovine rumen and potential role in liver abscess development, and proactive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory Schwarz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Sentinel Environmental Group, LLC, Houston, TX 77082, USA
| | - Jacques Mathieu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Sentinel Environmental Group, LLC, Houston, TX 77082, USA
| | | | - Megan R Miller
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | | | - Tiruvoor.G Nagaraja
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Sentinel Environmental Group, LLC, Houston, TX 77082, USA
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Dias Junior PCG, dos Santos IJ, Gasparina JM, Bandoria NA, Soares LC, da Silva AL, de Assis RG, Polizel DM, Biava JS, Pires AV, Ferreira EM. Essential oil from Arnica montana alters the protein metabolism in lambs fed with high-concentrate diets. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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3
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Galyean M, Hales K. Non-Antimicrobial Methods to Control Liver Abscesses. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2022; 38:395-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Jiménez-Ocampo R, Montoya-Flores MD, Pamanes-Carrasco G, Herrera-Torres E, Arango J, Estarrón-Espinosa M, Aguilar-Pérez CF, Araiza-Rosales EE, Guerrero-Cervantes M, Ku-Vera JC. Impact of orange essential oil on enteric methane emissions of heifers fed bermudagrass hay. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:863910. [PMID: 36051539 PMCID: PMC9424680 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.863910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of orange essential oil (OEO) on the rumen fermentation, nutrient utilization, and methane (CH4) emissions of beef heifers fed a diet of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) were examined. In addition, in vitro and in situ experiments were conducted. The in vitro experiment consisted of three treatments: control (CTL, no OEO), OEO1 (0.25% OEO), and OEO2 (0.5% OEO). The forage to concentrate ratio was 70:30 (dry matter [DM] basis) in all treatments. No changes in pH, proportions of volatile fatty acids, and the acetate:propionate ratio were observed (P > 0.05). The addition of 0.25% OEO resulted in a reduction in CH4 production (mL/g) relative to the control (P < 0.05). In the in situ experiment, 5 g of total mixed ration (CTL, OEO1, and OEO2) were incubated for 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. Potential and effective degradability were not affected by OEO supplementation (P > 0.05). In the in vivo study, six crossbred beef heifers (Bos indicus × Bos taurus), fitted with rumen cannulas, were assigned to three different treatments: no additive (CTL), 0.25% OEO (OEO1), and 0.5% OEO (OEO2) in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square (21-day periods). Heifers were fed at 2.8% body weight. In vivo CH4 production was measured in open-circuit respiration chambers. Reductions in gross energy consumption, apparent total tract digestibility, and rumen valerate concentration were observed for OEO2 compared to the control (P < 0.05). Additionally, decreases in CH4 emissions (g/day; P < 0.05) and CH4 (MJ gross energy intake/day; P < 0.05) were observed in response to supplementation of 0.5% OEO as compared to the CTL treatment. Thus, supplementation of 0.5% OEO reduced CH4 emissions (g/day) by 12% without impacting the DM intake of heifers fed bermudagrass hay as a basal ration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Jiménez-Ocampo
- Laboratory of Climate Change and Livestock Production, Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico
- National Institute of Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock-INIFAP, Experimental Field Valle del Guadiana, Durango, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Rafael Jiménez-Ocampo
| | - María D. Montoya-Flores
- National Center for Disciplinary Research in Physiology and Animal Breeding, National Institute for Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research-INIFAP, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Pamanes-Carrasco
- Institute of Silviculture and Wood Industry, National Council of Science and Technology—Durango State Juarez University, Durango, Mexico
| | | | - Jacobo Arango
- Tropical Forage Program—International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Palmira, Colombia
| | - Mirna Estarrón-Espinosa
- Food Technology Unit, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carlos F. Aguilar-Pérez
- Laboratory of Climate Change and Livestock Production, Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Elia E. Araiza-Rosales
- Department of Animal Nutrition, National Council of Science and Technology—Durango State Juarez University, Durango, Mexico
| | - Maribel Guerrero-Cervantes
- Department of Small Ruminant Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Durango State Juarez University, Durango, Mexico
| | - Juan C. Ku-Vera
- Laboratory of Climate Change and Livestock Production, Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Mérida, Yucatan, Mexico
- Juan C. Ku-Vera
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Comparing Blend of Essential Oils Plus 25-Hydroxy-Vit-D3 Versus Monensin Plus Virginiamycin Combination in Finishing Feedlot Cattle: Growth Performance, Dietary Energetics, and Carcass Traits. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131715. [PMID: 35804614 PMCID: PMC9265040 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ninety crossbreed bulls (349.5 ± 8.25 kg initial weight) were used in an 87day trial to compare the effects of a blend of essential oils plus 25-hydroxy-Vit-D3 (EO + HyD) versus the combination of monensin with virginiamycin (MON + VM) on feedlot growth performance and carcass characteristics. Dietary treatments (nine replicates/treatment) were supplemented with 40 mg/kg diet dry matter of MON + VM (equal parts) or with 120.12 mg/kg diet dry matter of a combination of standardized mixture of essential oils (120 mg) plus 0.12 mg of 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D3 (EO + HyD). There were no treatment effects on dry matter intake (DMI, p = 0.63). However, the coefficient of variation in day-to-day DMI was greater for EO + HyD than for MON + VM (11.4% vs. 3.88%, p = 0.04). There were no treatment effects (p ≥ 0.17) on daily weight gain, gain-to-feed ratio, and estimated dietary net energy. Cattle supplemented with EO + HyD had greater Longissimus muscle area (7.9%, p < 0.01) and estimated retail yield (1.6%, p = 0.03), and tended to have heavier (1.7%, p = 0.10) carcass weight. Differences among treatments in dressing percentage, fat thickness, kidney−pelvic−heart fat, and marbling score were not appreciable (p > 0.10). It is concluded that growth performance response and dietary energetic are similar for finishing cattle supplemented with EO + HyD vs. MON + VM. However, compared with MON + VM, supplementation with EO + HyD during the finishing phase may improve carcass Longissimus area and carcass yield.
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Pinnell LJ, Whitlow CW, Huebner KL, Bryant TC, Martin J, Belk KE, Morley PS. Not All Liver Abscesses Are Created Equal: The Impact of Tylosin and Antibiotic Alternatives on Bovine Liver Abscess Microbial Communities and a First Look at Bacteroidetes-Dominated Communities. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:882419. [PMID: 35572696 PMCID: PMC9094069 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.882419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver abscesses (LAs) are extremely prevalent in cattle and result in significant economic losses due to liver condemnation, decreased growth and production, and lower carcass quality. LAs are commonly attributed to the transition to diets high in rapidly fermentable starch which results in rumen epithelial inflammation that allows pathogenic bacteria to gain entry to liver through transport via the hepatic portal vein. The most common intervention for LAs is the inclusion of antibiotics in feedlot diets, under the supervision of a veterinarian; this treatment is associated with reduced occurrence of LAs in this and other studies. Here, through the largest LA 16S rRNA gene sequencing study to date, we demonstrate that the inclusion of tylosin and antibiotic alternatives (the essential oil limonene and Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product) had little impact on LA microbial community composition. Importantly, members of Bacteroidetes (Bacteroides spp. and Porphyromonas spp.) were identified as the dominant taxa in conjunction with low proportions of Fusobacteria in nearly a quarter (61/259) of all LA communities analyzed in this study. The relative abundances of the phyla Fusobacteria and Bacteroidetes had a strongly negative correlation, and LA microbial communities rarely contained high abundances of both of these dominant phyla. Further, based on the presence of taxa discriminant of Bacteroidetes-dominated LAs within over 400 bovine gut communities, we provide evidence suggestive of Bacteroidetes-dominated abscess communities originating in more distal portions of the bovine gut. Together, these findings suggest that some LA microbial communities may originate from portions of the gut other than the rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee J Pinnell
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach Program, Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, United States
| | - Carla Weissend Whitlow
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Katherine L Huebner
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Tony C Bryant
- Five River Cattle Feeding, Johnstown, CO, United States
| | - Jennifer Martin
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Keith E Belk
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Paul S Morley
- Veterinary Education, Research, and Outreach Program, Texas A&M University, Canyon, TX, United States.,Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Arteaga-Wences Y, Estrada-Angulo A, Ríos-Rincón FG, Castro-Pérez B, Mendoza-Cortéz D, Manriquez-Núñez O, Barreras A, Corona-Gochi L, Zinn R, Perea-Domínguez X, Plascencia A. The effects of feeding a standardized mixture of essential oils vs monensin on growth performance, dietary energy and carcass characteristics of lambs fed a high-energy finishing diet. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Boswellia sacra resin as a phytogenic feed supplement to enhance ruminal fermentation, milk yield, and metabolic energy status of early lactating goats. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abbas W, Keel BN, Kachman SD, Fernando SC, Wells JE, Hales KE, Lindholm-Perry AK. Rumen epithelial transcriptome and microbiome profiles of rumen epithelium and contents of beef cattle with and without liver abscesses. J Anim Sci 2021; 98:5973699. [PMID: 33170221 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscess is the highest cause of liver condemnation and is estimated to cost the beef industry US$64 million annually. Fusobacterium necrophorum, commonly found in the bovine rumen, is the primary bacteria associated with liver abscess in cattle. Theoretically, damage to the rumen wall allows F. necrophorum to invade the bloodstream and colonize the liver. The objective of this study was to determine the changes in gene expression in the rumen epithelium and microbial populations adherent to the rumen epithelium and in the rumen contents of beef cattle with liver abscesses compared with those with no liver abscesses. Rumen epithelial tissue and rumen content were collected from 31 steers and heifers with liver abscesses and 30 animals with no liver abscesses. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing was performed on the rumen epithelium, and a total of 221 genes were identified as differentially expressed in the animals with liver abscesses compared with animals with no abscesses, after removal of genes that were identified as a result of interaction with sex. The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells signaling and interferon signaling pathways were significantly enriched in the differentially expressed gene (DEG) set. The majority of the genes in these pathways were downregulated in animals with liver abscesses. In addition, RNA translation and protein processing genes were also downregulated, suggesting that protein synthesis may be compromised in animals with liver abscesses. The rumen content bacterial communities were significantly different from the rumen wall epimural bacterial communities. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) analysis did not identify global differences in the microbiome of the rumen contents but did identify differences in the epimural bacterial communities on the rumen wall of animals without and with liver abscesses. In addition, associations between DEG and specific bacterial amplicon sequence variants of epimural bacteria were observed. The DEG and bacterial profile on the rumen papillae identified in this study may serve as a method to monitor animals with existing liver abscesses or to predict those that are more likely to develop liver abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Abbas
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Brittney N Keel
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, ARS, Clay Center, NE
| | - Stephan D Kachman
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Samodha C Fernando
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - James E Wells
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, ARS, Clay Center, NE
| | - Kristin E Hales
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, ARS, Clay Center, NE
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Pukrop J, Campbell B, Schoonmaker J. Effect of essential oils on performance, liver abscesses, carcass characteristics and meat quality in feedlot steers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Drouillard JS. Current situation and future trends for beef production in the United States of America - A review. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 31:1007-1016. [PMID: 29973030 PMCID: PMC6039332 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
USA beef production is characterized by a diversity of climates, environmental conditions, animal phenotypes, management systems, and a multiplicity of nutritional inputs. The USA beef herd consists of more than 80 breeds of cattle and crosses thereof, and the industry is divided into distinct, but ofttimes overlapping sectors, including seedstock production, cow-calf production, stocker/backgrounding, and feedlot. Exception for male dairy calves, production is predominantly pastoral-based, with young stock spending relatively brief portions of their life in feedlots. The beef industry is very technology driven, utilizing reproductive management strategies, genetic improvement technologies, exogenous growth promoting compounds, vaccines, antibiotics, and feed processing strategies, focusing on improvements in efficiency and cost of production. Young steers and heifers are grain-based diets fed for an average of 5 months, mostly in feedlots of 1,000 head capacity or more, and typically are slaughtered at 15 to 28 months of age to produce tender, well-marbled beef. Per capita beef consumption is nearly 26 kg annually, over half of which is consumed in the form of ground products. Beef exports, which are increasingly important, consist primarily of high value cuts and variety meats, depending on destination. In recent years, adverse climatic conditions (i.e., draught), a shrinking agricultural workforce, emergence of food-borne pathogens, concerns over development of antimicrobial resistance, animal welfare/well-being, environmental impact, consumer perceptions of healthfulness of beef, consumer perceptions of food animal production practices, and alternative uses of traditional feed grains have become increasingly important with respect to their impact on both beef production and demand for beef products. Similarly, changing consumer demographics and globalization of beef markets have dictated changes in the types of products demanded by consumers of USA beef, both domestically and abroad. The industry is highly adaptive, however, and responds quickly to evolving economic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S. Drouillard
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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