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García-Rodríguez J, Saro C, Mateos I, González JS, Carro MD, Ranilla MJ. Effects of Replacing Extruded Maize by Dried Citrus Pulp in a Mixed Diet on Ruminal Fermentation, Methane Production, and Microbial Populations in Rusitec Fermenters. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1316. [PMID: 32751690 PMCID: PMC7460359 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus pulp is a highly abundant by-product of the citrus industry. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of replacing extruded maize (EM; 20% of total diet) by dried citrus pulp (DCP; 20%) in a mixed diet on rumen fermentation and microbial populations in Rusitec fermenters. The two diets contained 50% alfalfa hay and 50% concentrate, and the same protein level. Four Rusitec fermenters were used in a cross-over design with two 13-d incubation runs. After 7-d of diet adaptation, diet disappearance, fermentation parameters, microbial growth, and microbial populations were assessed. Fermenters receiving the DCP showed greater pH values and fiber disappearance (p < 0.001) and lower methane production (p = 0.03) than those fed EM. Replacing EM by DCP caused an increase in the proportions of propionate and butyrate (p < 0.001) and a decrease in acetate (p = 0.04). Microbial growth, bacterial diversity, and the quantity of bacteria and protozoa DNA were not affected by the diet, but the relative abundances of fungi and archaea were greater (p < 0.03) in solid and liquid phases of DCP fermenters, respectively. Results indicate that DCP can substitute EM, promoting a more efficient ruminal fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo García-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (C.S.); (I.M.); (J.S.G.)
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, Spain
| | - Cristina Saro
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (C.S.); (I.M.); (J.S.G.)
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, Spain
| | - Iván Mateos
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (C.S.); (I.M.); (J.S.G.)
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, Spain
| | - Jesús S. González
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (C.S.); (I.M.); (J.S.G.)
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, Spain
| | - María Dolores Carro
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Agroalimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María José Ranilla
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain; (J.G.-R.); (C.S.); (I.M.); (J.S.G.)
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-Universidad de León, Finca Marzanas s/n, 24346 Grulleros, Spain
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