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Hoogeveen AME, Moughan PJ, Henare SJ, Schulze P, McNabb WC, Montoya CA. Type of Dietary Fiber Is Associated with Changes in Ileal and Hindgut Microbial Communities in Growing Pigs and Influences In Vitro Ileal and Hindgut Fermentation. J Nutr 2021; 151:2976-2985. [PMID: 34320183 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The degree of ileal organic matter (OM) fermentation appears to be comparable to hindgut fermentation in growing pigs. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine if dietary fiber sources with known different total gastrointestinal tract (GIT) fermentability in humans affect ileal and hindgut microbial communities and ileal fermentation in growing pigs used as an animal model for human adults. METHODS Male pigs (21 kg bodyweight; 9 wk old; PIC Camborough 46 × PIC boar 356L; n = 8/diet) were fed for 42 d a diet containing cellulose (CEL, low fermentability) as the sole fiber source (4.5%) or diets in which half of the CEL was replaced by moderately fermentable fiber, psyllium (PSY), or kiwifruit (KF) fiber. For each diet, terminal jejunal (substrate) and ileal (inoculum) digesta were collected from euthanized animals for in vitro ileal fermentation (2 h). Terminal ileal (substrate) and cecal (inoculum) digesta were used for in vitro hindgut fermentation (24 h). After in vitro fermentations, OM fermentation and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production were determined. Ileal digesta and feces were collected for microbial analysis. Data were analyzed by 2-factor ANOVA (diet × GIT region). RESULTS In vitro ileal OM fermentation was on average 22% and comparable to hindgut OM fermentation. Ileal and hindgut OM fermentation, SCFA production, and microbial community composition changed (P < 0.05) when CEL was partially replaced by KF or PSY. For instance, pigs fed the PSY diet had 3-fold higher (P ≤ 0.05) number of ileal and fecal bacteria than pigs fed the CEL and KF diets. Pigs fed the CEL diet had 4-fold higher (P ≤ 0.05) hindgut valeric acid production than pigs fed the other diets. CONCLUSIONS Ileal fermentation is quantitatively significant. Partial substitution of CEL with more fermentable fibers influences both ileal and hindgut microbial communities and the fermentation in growing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M E Hoogeveen
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Paul J Moughan
- Riddet Institute, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Sharon J Henare
- Riddet Institute, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Philipp Schulze
- Riddet Institute, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Warren C McNabb
- Riddet Institute, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Carlos A Montoya
- Riddet Institute, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Smart Foods, AgResearch Limited, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Uerlings J, Schroyen M, Bautil A, Courtin C, Richel A, Sureda EA, Bruggeman G, Tanghe S, Willems E, Bindelle J, Everaert N. In vitro prebiotic potential of agricultural by-products on intestinal fermentation, gut barrier and inflammatory status of piglets. Br J Nutr 2020; 123:293-307. [PMID: 31699173 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519002873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The inclusion of fibre-rich ingredients in diets is one possible strategy to enhance intestinal fermentation and positively impact gut ecology, barrier and immunity. Nowadays, inulin-type fructans are used as prebiotics in the feed of piglets to manipulate gut ecology for health purposes. Likewise, some by-products could be considered as sustainable and inexpensive ingredients to reduce gut disorders at weaning. In the present study, chicory root and pulp, citrus pulp, rye bran and soya hulls were tested in a three-step in vitro model of the piglet's gastro-intestinal tract combining a pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysis (digestion), a dialysis step using cellulose membranes (absorption) and a colonic batch fermentation (fermentation). The fermentation kinetics, SCFA and microbiota profiles in the fermentation broth were assessed as indicators of prebiotic activity and compared with the ones of inulin. The immunomodulatory effects of fermentation supernatant (FS) were investigated in cultured intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) by high-throughput quantitative PCR. Chicory root displayed a rapid and extensive fermentation and induced the second highest butyrate ratio after inulin. Citrus pulp demonstrated high acetate ratios and induced elevated Clostridium clusters IV and XIVa levels. Chicory root and pulp FS promoted the intestinal barrier integrity with up-regulated tight and adherens junction gene expressions in comparison with inulin FS. Chicory pulp FS exerted anti-inflammatory effects in cultured IPEC-J2. The novel approach combining an in vitro fermentation model with IPEC-J2 cells highlighted that both chicory root and pulp appear to be promising ingredients and should be considered to promote intestinal health at weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Uerlings
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
- Research Foundation for Industry and Agriculture, National Scientific Research Foundation (FRIA-FNRS), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martine Schroyen
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - An Bautil
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M²S), KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Courtin
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M²S), KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aurore Richel
- Biomass and Green Technologies, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Ester A Sureda
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | | | - Sofie Tanghe
- Royal Agrifirm Group, 7325 AW Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
| | - Els Willems
- Royal Agrifirm Group, 7325 AW Apeldoorn, the Netherlands
| | - Jérôme Bindelle
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, ULiège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Ocasio-Vega C, Abad-Guamán R, Delgado R, Carabaño R, Carro MD, García J. Effect of cellobiose supplementation and dietary soluble fibre content on in vitro caecal fermentation of carbohydrate-rich substrates in rabbits. Arch Anim Nutr 2018; 72:221-238. [PMID: 29701493 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2018.1458459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro caecal fermentation of five substrates low in starch and protein content [d-(+)-glucose (GLU), d-cellobiose (CEL), sugar beet pectin (PEC), sugar beet pulp (SBP) and wheat straw (WS)] was investigated using soft faeces from rabbits receiving different levels of cellobiose and soluble fibre as inoculum. A total of 24 rabbits were supplemented 3 levels of cellobiose in the drinking water (0.0, 7.5, 15.0 g/l) and fed two experimental diets containing either low soluble fibre (LSF) or high soluble fibre (HSF) levels (84.0 and 130 g/kg dry matter). All substrates were subjected to a two-step pepsin/pancreatin in vitro pre-digestion, and the whole residue was used as substrate for the in vitro incubations. Gas production was measured until 144 h, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production was determined at 24 h incubation. Experimental treatments did not affect SBP fermentation and had only a subtle influence on fermentation of WS and GLU. In contrast, cellobiose supplementation × donors' diet interactions were detected for most gas production parameters for CEL. Both the fractional gas production (k) and maximal gas production rates were linearly increased (p ≤ 0.042) and the initial delay in the onset of gas production (Lag) linearly decreased (p < 0.001) by cellobiose supplementation with the HSF inoculum, with no differences between the 7.5 and 15.0 doses. In contrast, with the LSF inoculum cellobiose supplementation only affected k values, which were quadratically increased (p = 0.043) and had maximal values for the 7.5 dose. A quadratic effect (p ≤ 0.018) of cellobiose supplementation was observed for total VFA production at 24 h when CEL and PEC were fermented, obtaining the maximal VFA production for the 7.5 dose of cellobiose. Total VFA production for CEL was greater with LSF than with HSF inoculum (20.7 vs. 12.9 mmol/l; p = 0.014), but the opposite was found for WS (3.97 vs. 6.21 mmol/l; p = 0.005). The use of LSF inoculum for CEL fermentation sharply reduced acetate (p = 0.001) and increased butyrate proportions (p ≤ 0.001) compared with the HSF inoculum. A positive relationship between total VFA caecal concentrations in rabbits receiving the same experimental treatments and in vitro values was only observed when WS was used as substrate (r = 0.90; p = 0.015; n = 6). The results suggest that experimental factors influenced the fermentative activity of caecal digesta, but the observed response differed with the incubated substrate, being the CEL the most affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Ocasio-Vega
- a Departamento de Producción Agraria , E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria , Madrid , Spain
| | - Rodrigo Abad-Guamán
- a Departamento de Producción Agraria , E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria , Madrid , Spain.,b Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia , Universidad Nacional de Loja, Ciudad Universitaria La Argelia , Loja , Ecuador
| | - Rebeca Delgado
- a Departamento de Producción Agraria , E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria , Madrid , Spain
| | - Rosa Carabaño
- a Departamento de Producción Agraria , E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria , Madrid , Spain
| | - María Dolores Carro
- a Departamento de Producción Agraria , E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria , Madrid , Spain
| | - Javier García
- a Departamento de Producción Agraria , E.T.S.I. Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria , Madrid , Spain
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Metzler-Zebeli B, Trevisi P, Prates J, Tanghe S, Bosi P, Canibe N, Montagne L, Freire J, Zebeli Q. Assessing the effect of dietary inulin supplementation on gastrointestinal fermentation, digestibility and growth in pigs: A meta-analysis. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Bajury DM, Nashri SM, King Jie Hung P, Sarbini SR. Evaluation of potential prebiotics: a review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2017.1373287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dayang Marshitah Bajury
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Bintulu, Malaysia
| | - Siti Maisarah Nashri
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Bintulu, Malaysia
| | - Patricia King Jie Hung
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Bintulu, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Razid Sarbini
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Bintulu, Malaysia
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Heinritz SN, Weiss E, Seifert J, Mosenthin R, Kuß S, Degenhardt AG, Koch TJ. Effect of cellobiose supplementation on in vitro fermentation activity and bacterial numbers of porcine inocula. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:474-482. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. N. Heinritz
- Institute of Animal Science; University of Hohenheim; Stuttgart Germany
| | - E. Weiss
- Institute of Animal Science; University of Hohenheim; Stuttgart Germany
| | - J. Seifert
- Institute of Animal Science; University of Hohenheim; Stuttgart Germany
| | - R. Mosenthin
- Institute of Animal Science; University of Hohenheim; Stuttgart Germany
| | - S. Kuß
- Innovation Center; Pfeifer & Langen GmbH & Co. KG; Elsdorf Germany
| | - A. G. Degenhardt
- Innovation Center; Pfeifer & Langen GmbH & Co. KG; Elsdorf Germany
| | - T. J. Koch
- Innovation Center; Pfeifer & Langen GmbH & Co. KG; Elsdorf Germany
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Tran THT, Boudry C, Everaert N, Bindelle J. Prebiotic potential of novel carbohydrates in an in vitro co-inoculation fermentation model of the bacteria isolated from pig intestine and Salmonella. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Tran THT, Boudry C, Everaert N, Théwis A, Portetelle D, Daube G, Nezer C, Taminiau B, Bindelle J. Adding mucins to an in vitro batch fermentation model of the large intestine induces changes in microbial population isolated from porcine feces depending on the substrate. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 92:fiv165. [PMID: 26691596 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adding mucus to in vitro fermentation models of the large intestine shows that some genera, namely lactobacilli, are dependent on host-microbiota interactions and that they rely on mucosal layers to increase their activity. This study investigated whether this dependence on mucus is substrate dependent and to what extent other genera are impacted by the presence of mucus. Inulin and cellulose were fermented in vitro by a fecal inoculum from pig in the presence or not of mucin beads in order to compare fermentation patterns and bacterial communities. Mucins increased final gas production with inulin and shifted short-chain fatty acid molar ratios (P < 0.001). Quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed that Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. decreased with mucins, but Bacteroides spp. increased when inulin was fermented. A more in-depth community analysis indicated that the mucins increased Proteobacteria (0.55 vs 0.25%, P = 0.013), Verrucomicrobia (5.25 vs 0.03%, P = 0.032), Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroidaceae and Akkermansia spp. Proteobacteria (5.67 vs 0.55%, P < 0.001) and Lachnospiraceae (33 vs 10.4%) were promoted in the mucus compared with the broth, while Ruminococcaceae decreased. The introduction of mucins affected many microbial genera and fermentation patterns, but from PCA results, the impact of mucus was independent of the fermentation substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H T Tran
- Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Deportes 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium Wallonie-Bruxelles International, place Sainctelette 2, B-1080, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Boudry
- Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Deportes 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - N Everaert
- Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Deportes 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - A Théwis
- Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Deportes 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - D Portetelle
- Animal and Microbial Biology Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Deportes 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - G Daube
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000-Liège, Belgium Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal & Health (FARAH), Food Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000-Liège, Belgium
| | - C Nezer
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000-Liège, Belgium
| | - B Taminiau
- Fundamental and Applied Research for Animal & Health (FARAH), Food Science Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000-Liège, Belgium
| | - J Bindelle
- Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Passage des Deportes 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Discrepancies in porcine microbiota composition between in vivo measurements and in vitro fermentation with the modified Hohenheim Gas Test. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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