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Karlsen AA, Kyuregyan KK, Isaeva OV, Kichatova VS, Asadi Mobarkhan FA, Bezuglova LV, Netesova IG, Manuylov VA, Pochtovyi AA, Gushchin VA, Sleptsova SS, Ignateva ME, Mikhailov MI. Different evolutionary dynamics of hepatitis B virus genotypes A and D, and hepatitis D virus genotypes 1 and 2 in an endemic area of Yakutia, Russia. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:452. [PMID: 35550023 PMCID: PMC9097355 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The geographic distribution of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the hepatitis D virus (HDV) genotypes is uneven. We reconstructed the temporal evolution of HBV and HDV in Yakutia, one of the regions of Russia most affected by HBV and HDV, in an attempt to understand the possible mechanisms that led to unusual for Russia pattern of viral genotypes and to identify current distribution trends. Methods HBV and HDV genotypes were determined in sera collected in 2018–2019 in Yakutia from randomly selected 140 patients with HBV monoinfection and 59 patients with HBV/HDV. Total 86 HBV and 88 HDV genomic sequences isolated in Yakutia between 1997 and 2019 were subjected to phylodynamic and philogeographic Bayesian analysis using BEAST v1.10.4 software package. Bayesian SkyGrid reconstruction and Birth–Death Skyline analysis were applied to estimate HBV and HDV population dynamics. Results Currently, HBV-A and HDV-D genotypes are prevalent in Yakutia, in both monoinfected and HDV-coinfected patients. Bayesian analysis has shown that the high prevalence of HBV-A in Yakutia, which is not typical for Russia, initially emerged after the genotype was introduced from Eastern Europe in the fifteenth century (around 600 (95% HPD: 50–715) years ago). The acute hepatitis B epidemics in the 1990s in Yakutia were largely associated with this particular genotype, as indicated by temporal changes in HBV-A population dynamics. HBV-D had a longer history in Yakutia and demonstrated stable population dynamics, indicating ongoing viral circulation despite vaccination. No correlation between HBV and HDV genotypes was observed for coinfected patients in Yakutia (r = − 0.016069332). HDV-2b circulates in Russia in Yakutia only and resulted from a single wave of introduction from Central Asia 135 years ago (95% HPD: 60–350 years), while HDV-1 strains resulted from multiple introductions from Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia, and different parts of Russia starting 180 years ago (95% HPD: 150–210 years) and continuing to the present day. The population dynamics of HDV-1 and HDV-2 show no signs of decline despite 20 years of HBV vaccination. The Birth–Death Skyline analysis showed an increase in the viral population in recent years for both HDV genotypes, indicating ongoing HDV epidemics. Conclusions Taken together, these data call for strict control of HBV vaccination quality and coverage, and implementation of HBV and HDV screening programs in Yakutia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07444-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A Karlsen
- Department of Viral Hepatitis, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, 125993.,Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia, 105064.,Scientific and Educational Resource Center for High-Performance Methods of Genomic Analysis, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Karen K Kyuregyan
- Department of Viral Hepatitis, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, 125993. .,Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia, 105064. .,Scientific and Educational Resource Center for High-Performance Methods of Genomic Analysis, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia, 117198.
| | - Olga V Isaeva
- Department of Viral Hepatitis, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, 125993.,Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia, 105064
| | - Vera S Kichatova
- Department of Viral Hepatitis, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, 125993.,Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia, 105064
| | - Fedor A Asadi Mobarkhan
- Department of Viral Hepatitis, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, 125993.,Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia, 105064
| | - Lyudmila V Bezuglova
- JSC «Vector-Best», Research and Production Area, building 36, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia, 630559
| | - Irina G Netesova
- JSC «Vector-Best», Research and Production Area, building 36, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russia, 630559
| | - Victor A Manuylov
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, 123098
| | - Andrey A Pochtovyi
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, 123098
| | - Vladimir A Gushchin
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, 123098
| | - Snezhana S Sleptsova
- Medical Institute, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russia, 677010
| | - Margarita E Ignateva
- The Sakha Republic (Yakutia) Regional Department of Rospotrebnadzor, Yakutsk, Russia, 677027
| | - Mikhail I Mikhailov
- Department of Viral Hepatitis, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia, 125993.,Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russia, 105064.,Medical Faculty, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia, 308015
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