1
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Wei H, Wang Z, Huang Y, Gao L, Wang W, Liu S, Sun YL, Liu H, Weng Y, Fan HY, Zhang M. DCAF2 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of mouse progenitor spermatogonia by targeting p21 and thymine DNA glycosylase. Cell Prolif 2024:e13676. [PMID: 38837535 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
DDB1-Cullin-4-associated factor-2 (DCAF2, also known as DTL or CDT2), a conserved substrate recognition protein of Cullin-RING E3 ligase 4 (CRL4), recognizes and degrades several substrate proteins during the S phase to maintain cell cycle progression and genome stability. Dcaf2 mainly expressed in germ cells of human and mouse. Our study found that Dcaf2 was expressed in mouse spermatogonia and spermatocyte. The depletion of Dcaf2 in germ cells by crossing Dcaf2fl/fl mice with stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8(Stra8)-Cre mice caused a reduction in progenitor spermatogonia and differentiating spermatogonia, eventually leading to the failure of meiosis initiation and male infertility. Further studies showed that depletion of Dcaf2 in germ cells caused abnormal accumulation of the substrate proteins, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21) and thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG), decreasing of cell proliferation, increasing of DNA damage and apoptosis. Overexpression of p21 or TDG attenuates proliferation and increases DNA damage and apoptosis in GC-1 cells, which is exacerbated by co-overexpression of p21 and TDG. The findings indicate that DCAF2 maintains the proliferation and differentiation of progenitor spermatogonia by targeting the substrate proteins p21 and TDG during the S phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wei
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, The second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijuan Wang
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, The second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yating Huang
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, The second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longwei Gao
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, The second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiyong Wang
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, The second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, The second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Li Sun
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, The second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, The second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yashuang Weng
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, The second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heng-Yu Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meijia Zhang
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, The second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Ogawa M, Masuzaki R, Kanda T, Matsumura H, Nakamura H, Yamazaki M, Shibata T, Kogure H, Moriyama M. Involvement of proliferation of atypical hepatocytes and CDT 1 in the liver cancer of rats administered the diethylnitrosamine. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2023; 73:138-144. [PMID: 37700853 PMCID: PMC10493214 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.13-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We have reported that extent of proliferation of atypical hepatocytes (POAH) in non-cancerous liver in hepatocellular carcinoma and chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1 (CDT1) are associated with postoperative recurrence. Here, we investigated whether extent of POAH and expression of CDT1 in liver are also associated with chemically induced liver cancer in rats. Male Fisher strain rats were orally administered diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in their drinking water and sacrificed at 6, 8, 12, or 14 weeks after start of DEN administration. We serially monitored changes in extent of POAH, CDT1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and CDT1 mRNA expression in liver by real-time quantitative PCR. The extent of POAH in liver progressed in a time-dependent manner after start of DEN administration. CDT1 expression was higher at 8 weeks than at 6 weeks by IHC, suggesting that CDT1 expression may be a marker of POAH severity. CDT1 mRNA expression in liver was significantly higher at 12 weeks than at 6 weeks (p<0.0001). We found that extent of POAH and the expression of CDT1 are also important factors in the development of chemical carcinogen-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Furthermore, the association with POAH and CDT1 expression in carcinogenic process is important regardless of the cause of hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ogawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Ryota Masuzaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsumura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Motomi Yamazaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Toshikatu Shibata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kogure
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Moriyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
- Sashiogi Recuperation Hospital, 1348-1 Hourai, Nishi-ku, Saitama, 331-0074, Japan
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3
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Martín-Rufo R, de la Vega-Barranco G, Lecona E. Ubiquitin and SUMO as timers during DNA replication. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 132:62-73. [PMID: 35210137 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Every time a cell copies its DNA the genetic material is exposed to the acquisition of mutations and genomic alterations that corrupt the information passed on to daughter cells. A tight temporal regulation of DNA replication is necessary to ensure the full copy of the DNA while preventing the appearance of genomic instability. Protein modification by ubiquitin and SUMO constitutes a very complex and versatile system that allows the coordinated control of protein stability, activity and interactome. In chromatin, their action is complemented by the AAA+ ATPase VCP/p97 that recognizes and removes ubiquitylated and SUMOylated factors from specific cellular compartments. The concerted action of the ubiquitin/SUMO system and VCP/p97 determines every step of DNA replication enforcing the ordered activation/inactivation, loading/unloading and stabilization/destabilization of replication factors. Here we analyze the mechanisms used by ubiquitin/SUMO and VCP/p97 to establish molecular timers throughout DNA replication and their relevance in maintaining genome stability. We propose that these PTMs are the main molecular watch of DNA replication from origin recognition to replisome disassembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Martín-Rufo
- Chromatin, Cancer and the Ubiquitin System lab, Centre for Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, CSIC-UAM), Department of Genome Dynamics and Function, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Guillermo de la Vega-Barranco
- Chromatin, Cancer and the Ubiquitin System lab, Centre for Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, CSIC-UAM), Department of Genome Dynamics and Function, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Emilio Lecona
- Chromatin, Cancer and the Ubiquitin System lab, Centre for Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, CSIC-UAM), Department of Genome Dynamics and Function, Madrid 28049, Spain.
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4
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Hashimoto H, Hara K, Hishiki A. Structural basis for molecular interactions on the eukaryotic DNA sliding clamps PCNA and RAD9-RAD1-HUS1. J Biochem 2022; 172:189-196. [PMID: 35731009 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA sliding clamps are widely conserved in all living organisms and play crucial roles in DNA replication and repair. Each DNA sliding clamp is a doughnut-shaped protein with a quaternary structure that encircles the DNA strand and recruits various factors involved in DNA replication and repair, thereby stimulating their biological functions. Eukaryotes have two types of DNA sliding clamp, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and RAD9-RAD1-HUS1 (9-1-1). The homo-trimer PCNA physically interacts with multiple proteins containing a PIP-box and/or APIM. The two motifs bind to PCNA by a similar mechanism; in addition, the bound PCNA structure is similar, implying a universality of PCNA interactions. In contrast to PCNA, 9-1-1 is a hetero-trimer composed of RAD9, RAD1, and HUS1 subunits. Although 9-1-1 forms a trimeric ring structure similar to PCNA, the C-terminal extension of the RAD9 is intrinsically unstructured. Based on the structural similarity between PCNA and 9-1-1, the mechanism underlying the interaction of 9-1-1 with its partners was thought to be analogous to that of PCNA. Unexpectedly, however, the recent structure of the 9-1-1 ring bound to a partner has revealed a novel interaction distinct from that of PCNA, potentially providing a new principle for molecular interactions on DNA sliding clamps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hashimoto
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8002, Japan
| | - Kodai Hara
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8002, Japan
| | - Asami Hishiki
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8002, Japan
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5
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CRL4Cdt2 Ubiquitin Ligase, A Genome Caretaker Controlled by Cdt2 Binding to PCNA and DNA. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020266. [PMID: 35205311 PMCID: PMC8871960 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin ligase CRL4Cdt2 plays a vital role in preserving genomic integrity by regulating essential proteins during S phase and after DNA damage. Deregulation of CRL4Cdt2 during the cell cycle can cause DNA re-replication, which correlates with malignant transformation and tumor growth. CRL4Cdt2 regulates a broad spectrum of cell cycle substrates for ubiquitination and proteolysis, including Cdc10-dependent transcript 1 or Chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1 (Cdt1), histone H4K20 mono-methyltransferase (Set8) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21), which regulate DNA replication. However, the mechanism it operates via its substrate receptor, Cdc10-dependent transcript 2 (Cdt2), is not fully understood. This review describes the essential features of the N-terminal and C-terminal parts of Cdt2 that regulate CRL4 ubiquitination activity, including the substrate recognition domain, intrinsically disordered region (IDR), phosphorylation sites, the PCNA-interacting protein-box (PIP) box motif and the DNA binding domain. Drugs targeting these specific domains of Cdt2 could have potential for the treatment of cancer.
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6
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Abstract
Safeguards against excess DNA replication are often dysregulated in cancer, and driving cancer cells towards over-replication is a promising therapeutic strategy. We determined DNA synthesis patterns in cancer cells undergoing partial genome re-replication due to perturbed regulatory interactions (re-replicating cells). These cells exhibited slow replication, increased frequency of replication initiation events, and a skewed initiation pattern that preferentially reactivated early-replicating origins. Unlike in cells exposed to replication stress, which activated a novel group of hitherto unutilized (dormant) replication origins, the preferred re-replicating origins arose from the same pool of potential origins as those activated during normal growth. Mechanistically, the skewed initiation pattern reflected a disproportionate distribution of pre-replication complexes on distinct regions of licensed chromatin prior to replication. This distinct pattern suggests that circumventing the strong inhibitory interactions that normally prevent excess DNA synthesis can occur via at least two pathways, each activating a distinct set of replication origins.
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7
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Zhang H. Regulation of DNA Replication Licensing and Re-Replication by Cdt1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105195. [PMID: 34068957 PMCID: PMC8155957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication licensing is precisely regulated to ensure that the initiation of genomic DNA replication in S phase occurs once and only once for each mitotic cell division. A key regulatory mechanism by which DNA re-replication is suppressed is the S phase-dependent proteolysis of Cdt1, an essential replication protein for licensing DNA replication origins by loading the Mcm2-7 replication helicase for DNA duplication in S phase. Cdt1 degradation is mediated by CRL4Cdt2 ubiquitin E3 ligase, which further requires Cdt1 binding to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) through a PIP box domain in Cdt1 during DNA synthesis. Recent studies found that Cdt2, the specific subunit of CRL4Cdt2 ubiquitin E3 ligase that targets Cdt1 for degradation, also contains an evolutionarily conserved PIP box-like domain that mediates the interaction with PCNA. These findings suggest that the initiation and elongation of DNA replication or DNA damage-induced repair synthesis provide a novel mechanism by which Cdt1 and CRL4Cdt2 are both recruited onto the trimeric PCNA clamp encircling the replicating DNA strands to promote the interaction between Cdt1 and CRL4Cdt2. The proximity of PCNA-bound Cdt1 to CRL4Cdt2 facilitates the destruction of Cdt1 in response to DNA damage or after DNA replication initiation to prevent DNA re-replication in the cell cycle. CRL4Cdt2 ubiquitin E3 ligase may also regulate the degradation of other PIP box-containing proteins, such as CDK inhibitor p21 and histone methylase Set8, to regulate DNA replication licensing, cell cycle progression, DNA repair, and genome stability by directly interacting with PCNA during DNA replication and repair synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
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8
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Horsfall AJ, Vandborg BA, Kowalczyk W, Chav T, Scanlon DB, Abell AD, Bruning JB. Unlocking the PIP-box: A peptide library reveals interactions that drive high-affinity binding to human PCNA. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100773. [PMID: 33984330 PMCID: PMC8191301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The human sliding clamp, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (hPCNA), interacts with over 200 proteins through a conserved binding motif, the PIP-box, to orchestrate DNA replication and repair. It is not clear how changes to the features of a PIP-box modulate protein binding and thus how they fine-tune downstream processes. Here, we present a systematic study of each position within the PIP-box to reveal how hPCNA-interacting peptides bind with drastically varied affinities. We synthesized a series of 27 peptides derived from the native protein p21 with small PIP-box modifications and another series of 19 peptides containing PIP-box binding motifs from other proteins. The hPCNA-binding affinity of all peptides, characterized as KD values determined by surface plasmon resonance, spanned a 4000-fold range, from 1.83 nM to 7.59 μM. The hPCNA-bound peptide structures determined by X-ray crystallography and modeled computationally revealed intermolecular and intramolecular interaction networks that correlate with high hPCNA affinity. These data informed rational design of three new PIP-box sequences, testing of which revealed the highest affinity hPCNA-binding partner to date, with a KD value of 1.12 nM, from a peptide with PIP-box QTRITEYF. This work showcases the sequence-specific nuances within the PIP-box that are responsible for high-affinity hPCNA binding, which underpins our understanding of how nature tunes hPCNA affinity to regulate DNA replication and repair processes. In addition, these insights will be useful to future design of hPCNA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee J Horsfall
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Beth A Vandborg
- Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Theresa Chav
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Denis B Scanlon
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew D Abell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - John B Bruning
- Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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González-Magaña A, Blanco FJ. Human PCNA Structure, Function and Interactions. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040570. [PMID: 32276417 PMCID: PMC7225939 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is an essential factor in DNA replication and repair. It forms a homotrimeric ring that embraces the DNA and slides along it, anchoring DNA polymerases and other DNA editing enzymes. It also interacts with regulatory proteins through a sequence motif known as PCNA Interacting Protein box (PIP-box). We here review the latest contributions to knowledge regarding the structure-function relationships in human PCNA, particularly the mechanism of sliding, and of the molecular recognition of canonical and non-canonical PIP motifs. The unique binding mode of the oncogene p15 is described in detail, and the implications of the recently discovered structure of PCNA bound to polymerase δ are discussed. The study of the post-translational modifications of PCNA and its partners may yield therapeutic opportunities in cancer treatment, in addition to illuminating the way PCNA coordinates the dynamic exchange of its many partners in DNA replication and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia González-Magaña
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, bld 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain;
| | - Francisco J. Blanco
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, bld 800, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain;
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 6 solairua, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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10
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Panagopoulos A, Taraviras S, Nishitani H, Lygerou Z. CRL4Cdt2: Coupling Genome Stability to Ubiquitination. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:290-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Jang SM, Nathans JF, Fu H, Redon CE, Jenkins LM, Thakur BL, Pongor LS, Baris AM, Gross JM, OʹNeill MJ, Indig FE, Cappell SD, Aladjem MI. The RepID-CRL4 ubiquitin ligase complex regulates metaphase to anaphase transition via BUB3 degradation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:24. [PMID: 31911655 PMCID: PMC6946706 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) prevents premature chromosome segregation by inactivating the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) until all chromosomes are properly attached to mitotic spindles. Here we identify a role for Cullin–RING ubiquitin ligase complex 4 (CRL4), known for modulating DNA replication, as a crucial mitotic regulator that triggers the termination of the SAC and enables chromosome segregation. CRL4 is recruited to chromatin by the replication origin binding protein RepID/DCAF14/PHIP. During mitosis, CRL4 dissociates from RepID and replaces it with RB Binding Protein 7 (RBBP7), which ubiquitinates the SAC mediator BUB3 to enable mitotic exit. During interphase, BUB3 is protected from CRL4-mediated degradation by associating with promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies, ensuring its availability upon mitotic onset. Deficiencies in RepID, CRL4 or RBBP7 delay mitotic exit, increase genomic instability and enhance sensitivity to paclitaxel, a microtubule stabilizer and anti-tumor drug. The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) safeguards chromosome segregation by regulating the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), allowing chromosomes to correctly attach to mitotic spindles. Here the authors reveal a role for Cullin–RING ubiquitin ligase complex 4 (CRL4) in regulating metaphase to anaphase transition via BUB3 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Min Jang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Jenny F Nathans
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Haiqing Fu
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Christophe E Redon
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Lisa M Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Bhushan L Thakur
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Lőrinc S Pongor
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Adrian M Baris
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Jacob M Gross
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Maura J OʹNeill
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Fred E Indig
- Confocal Imaging Facility, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Steven D Cappell
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA
| | - Mirit I Aladjem
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4255, USA.
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12
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Horsfall AJ, Abell AD, Bruning JB. Targeting PCNA with Peptide Mimetics for Therapeutic Purposes. Chembiochem 2019; 21:442-450. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aimee J. Horsfall
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonicsInstitute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS)Department of ChemistryUniversity of Adelaide Nth Tce Adelaide 5005 Australia
| | - Andrew D. Abell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonicsInstitute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS)Department of ChemistryUniversity of Adelaide Nth Tce Adelaide 5005 Australia
| | - John B. Bruning
- Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS)School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Adelaide Nth Tce Adelaide 5005 Australia
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13
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Limas JC, Cook JG. Preparation for DNA replication: the key to a successful S phase. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2853-2867. [PMID: 31556113 PMCID: PMC6817399 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Successful genome duplication is required for cell proliferation and demands extraordinary precision and accuracy. The mechanisms by which cells enter, progress through, and exit S phase are intense areas of focus in the cell cycle and genome stability fields. Key molecular events in the G1 phase of the cell division cycle, especially origin licensing, are essential for pre-establishing conditions for efficient DNA replication during the subsequent S phase. If G1 events are poorly regulated or disordered, then DNA replication can be compromised leading to genome instability, a hallmark of tumorigenesis. Upon entry into S phase, coordinated origin firing and replication progression ensure complete, timely, and precise chromosome replication. Both G1 and S phase progressions are controlled by master cell cycle protein kinases and ubiquitin ligases that govern the activity and abundance of DNA replication factors. In this short review, we describe current understanding and recent developments related to G1 progression and S phase entrance and exit with a particular focus on origin licensing regulation in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanita C Limas
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeanette Gowen Cook
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Mazian MA, Suenaga N, Ishii T, Hayashi A, Shiomi Y, Nishitani H. A DNA-binding domain in the C-terminal region of Cdt2 enhances the DNA synthesis-coupled CRL4Cdt2 ubiquitin ligase activity for Cdt1. J Biochem 2019; 165:505-516. [PMID: 30649446 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase CRL4Cdt2 maintains genome integrity by mediating the cell cycle- and DNA damage-dependent degradation of proteins such as Cdt1, p21 and Set8. Human Cdt2 has two regions, a conserved N-terminal seven WD40 repeat region and a less conserved C-terminal region. Here, we showed that the N-terminal region is sufficient for complex formation with CRL4, but the C-terminal region is required for the full ubiquitin ligase activity. UV irradiation-induced polyubiquitination and degradation of Cdt1 were impaired in Cdt2 (N-terminus only)-expressing cells. Deletion and mutation analysis identified a domain in the C-terminal region that increased ubiquitination activity and displayed DNA-binding activity. The identified domain mediated binding to double-stranded DNA and showed higher affinity binding to single-stranded DNA. As the ligase activity of CRL4Cdt2 depends on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) loading onto DNA, the present results suggest that the DNA-binding domain facilitates the CRL4Cdt2-mediated recognition and ubiquitination of substrates bound to PCNA on chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muadz Ahmad Mazian
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Akogun Hyogo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Suenaga
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Akogun Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishii
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Akogun Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akiyo Hayashi
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Akogun Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shiomi
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Akogun Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideo Nishitani
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori, Akogun Hyogo, Japan
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