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Hariprakash JM, Salviato E, La Mastra F, Sebestyén E, Tagliaferri I, Silva RS, Lucini F, Farina L, Cinquanta M, Rancati I, Riboni M, Minardi SP, Roz L, Gorini F, Lanzuolo C, Casola S, Ferrari F. Leveraging Tissue-Specific Enhancer-Target Gene Regulatory Networks Identifies Enhancer Somatic Mutations That Functionally Impact Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2024; 84:133-153. [PMID: 37855660 PMCID: PMC10758689 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Enhancers are noncoding regulatory DNA regions that modulate the transcription of target genes, often over large distances along with the genomic sequence. Enhancer alterations have been associated with various pathological conditions, including cancer. However, the identification and characterization of somatic mutations in noncoding regulatory regions with a functional effect on tumorigenesis and prognosis remain a major challenge. Here, we present a strategy for detecting and characterizing enhancer mutations in a genome-wide analysis of patient cohorts, across three lung cancer subtypes. Lung tissue-specific enhancers were defined by integrating experimental data and public epigenomic profiles, and the genome-wide enhancer-target gene regulatory network of lung cells was constructed by integrating chromatin three-dimensional architecture data. Lung cancers possessed a similar mutation burden at tissue-specific enhancers and exons but with differences in their mutation signatures. Functionally relevant alterations were prioritized on the basis of the pathway-level integration of the effect of a mutation and the frequency of mutations on individual enhancers. The genes enriched for mutated enhancers converged on the regulation of key biological processes and pathways relevant to tumor biology. Recurrent mutations in individual enhancers also affected the expression of target genes, with potential relevance for patient prognosis. Together, these findings show that noncoding regulatory mutations have a potential relevance for cancer pathogenesis and can be exploited for patient classification. SIGNIFICANCE Mapping enhancer-target gene regulatory interactions and analyzing enhancer mutations at the level of their target genes and pathways reveal convergence of recurrent enhancer mutations on biological processes involved in tumorigenesis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Salviato
- IFOM-ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Endre Sebestyén
- IFOM-ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Lucini
- IFOM-ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Farina
- IFOM-ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Rancati
- IFOM-ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Roz
- Fondazione IRCCS—Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Gorini
- INGM, National Institute of Molecular Genetics “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,” Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzuolo
- INGM, National Institute of Molecular Genetics “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi,” Milan, Italy
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Stefano Casola
- IFOM-ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrari
- IFOM-ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza,” National Research Council (IGM-CNR), Pavia, Italy
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Esposito R, Lanzós A, Uroda T, Ramnarayanan S, Büchi I, Polidori T, Guillen-Ramirez H, Mihaljevic A, Merlin BM, Mela L, Zoni E, Hovhannisyan L, McCluggage F, Medo M, Basile G, Meise DF, Zwyssig S, Wenger C, Schwarz K, Vancura A, Bosch-Guiteras N, Andrades Á, Tham AM, Roemmele M, Medina PP, Ochsenbein AF, Riether C, Kruithof-de Julio M, Zimmer Y, Medová M, Stroka D, Fox A, Johnson R. Tumour mutations in long noncoding RNAs enhance cell fitness. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3342. [PMID: 37291246 PMCID: PMC10250536 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are linked to cancer via pathogenic changes in their expression levels. Yet, it remains unclear whether lncRNAs can also impact tumour cell fitness via function-altering somatic "driver" mutations. To search for such driver-lncRNAs, we here perform a genome-wide analysis of fitness-altering single nucleotide variants (SNVs) across a cohort of 2583 primary and 3527 metastatic tumours. The resulting 54 mutated and positively-selected lncRNAs are significantly enriched for previously-reported cancer genes and a range of clinical and genomic features. A number of these lncRNAs promote tumour cell proliferation when overexpressed in in vitro models. Our results also highlight a dense SNV hotspot in the widely-studied NEAT1 oncogene. To directly evaluate the functional significance of NEAT1 SNVs, we use in cellulo mutagenesis to introduce tumour-like mutations in the gene and observe a significant and reproducible increase in cell fitness, both in vitro and in a mouse model. Mechanistic studies reveal that SNVs remodel the NEAT1 ribonucleoprotein and boost subnuclear paraspeckles. In summary, this work demonstrates the utility of driver analysis for mapping cancer-promoting lncRNAs, and provides experimental evidence that somatic mutations can act through lncRNAs to enhance pathological cancer cell fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Esposito
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", CNR, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Andrés Lanzós
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tina Uroda
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Sunandini Ramnarayanan
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- The SFI Centre for Research Training in Genomics Data Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Isabel Büchi
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Taisia Polidori
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Guillen-Ramirez
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Ante Mihaljevic
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Mefi Merlin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lia Mela
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eugenio Zoni
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lusine Hovhannisyan
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Finn McCluggage
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Matúš Medo
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Basile
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dominik F Meise
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Zwyssig
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Corina Wenger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kyriakos Schwarz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrienne Vancura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Núria Bosch-Guiteras
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Álvaro Andrades
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, 18016, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, 18014, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Ai Ming Tham
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Michaela Roemmele
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pedro P Medina
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, 18016, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, 18014, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Adrian F Ochsenbein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Riether
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Kruithof-de Julio
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yitzhak Zimmer
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Medová
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Stroka
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Archa Fox
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Rory Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
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