Koshy AM, Mendoza-Parra MA. Retinoids: Mechanisms of Action in Neuronal Cell Fate Acquisition.
Life (Basel) 2023;
13:2279. [PMID:
38137880 PMCID:
PMC10744663 DOI:
10.3390/life13122279]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal differentiation has been shown to be directed by retinoid action during embryo development and has been exploited in various in vitro cell differentiation systems. In this review, we summarize the role of retinoids through the activation of their specific retinoic acid nuclear receptors during embryo development and also in a variety of in vitro strategies for neuronal differentiation, including recent efforts in driving cell specialization towards a range of neuronal subtypes and glial cells. Finally, we highlight the role of retinoic acid in recent protocols recapitulating nervous tissue complexity (cerebral organoids). Overall, we expect that this effort might pave the way for exploring the usage of specific synthetic retinoids for directing complex nervous tissue differentiation.
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