[Contributions of the Mais Médicos (More Doctors) physician recruitment program for health care in Brazil: an integrative reviewEl Programa Más Médicos y sus contribuciones a la salud en Brasil: revisión integrativa]

Uso de tecnologias de telessaúde por médicos do Programa Mais Médicos e fatores associados — Espírito Santo, 2016

Introdução: A telessaúde é uma das estratégias de qualificação da atenção primária. Não há trabalho que analise sua utilização no Programa Mais Médicos. Logo, buscou-se analisar a utilização das ferramentas de telessaúde no Mais Médicos do estado do Espírito Santo, em 2016. Objetivo: Analisar a utilização das ferramentas de telessaúde no Mais Médicos do estado do Espírito Santo em 2016. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com aplicação de questionário estruturado ao total de médicos presente em seminários regionais em telessaúde. A análise incluiu frequência absoluta e relativa e análise bivariada com teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: Como resultado, 211 médicos (48,6% do total de profissionais do Mais Médicos) participaram, na maioria cubanos que atuavam em grande centro urbano com especialização em Medicina de Família e Comunidade. A maior parte (n=130, 61,9%) já havia utilizado algum serviço de telessaúde, mas de forma descontínua, sendo a teleducação o mais utilizado (n=101; 77,7%). Conhecer o Programa Telessaúde Brasil Redes e suas ferramentas e vê-las como relevantes para a melhoria do serviço associou-se a maior uso das tecnologias. A facilidade e o tipo de dispositivo utilizado para acessar a internet não influenciam a utilização do programa. Conclusões: Conclui-se que o conhecimento das ferramentas de telessaúde e a relevância dada a elas pelos profissionais e seu entorno estão mais associados a seu uso que as condições estruturais de trabalho.

Physician turnover in primary health care services in the East Zone of São Paulo City, Brazil: incidence and associated factors

BACKGROUND

The shortage and high turnover of physicians is a recurrent problem in health care systems; this is especially harmful to the expansion and full operation of primary health care (PHC). The aim of this paper is to analyze incidence and associated factors with physician turnover in primary health care services in the East Zone of São Paulo City.

METHODS

This is a retrospective cohort study of 1378 physicians over a 15 years' time period based on physicians' administrative records from two distinct secondary databases. Physicians' individual characteristics were analyzed including graduation and specialization. Survival analysis techniques such Kaplan-Meier and Cox Regression were used to analyze the termination of contract.

RESULTS

One thousand three hundred seventy-eight physicians were included in the study of which 130 [9.4%(CI95 8.0-11.1%)] remained in the PHC services. The mean and median time until the occurrence of the physician leaving the service was 2.14 years (CI95% 1.98-2.29 years) and 1.17 years [(CI95% 1.05-1.28 years)]. The probability of contract interruption was 45% in the first year and 68% in the second year. Independent factors associated with TEC were identified: workload of 40 h/week HR = 1.71 [(CI95% 1.4-2.09), p < 0.001]; initial salary ≤1052 BGI HR = 1.87 [(CI95 1.64-2.15), p < 0.001]; time since graduation ≤2 years HR =1.36 [(CI95 1.18-1.56), p < 0.001]; and the conclusion of residency in up to 3 years after leaving the service HR = 1.69 [(CI95 1.40-2.04), p < 0.001].

CONCLUSIONS

The time of employment of the physician in PHC was relatively short, with a high probability of TEC in the first year. Modifiable factors such as working hours, starting salary, time since graduation from medical school and need to enter in a residency program were associated with TEC. In pointing out that modifiable factors are responsible for long term employment or the end of contract of physicians in PHC services of the Unified Health System in the periphery of a metropolitan area, the study provides support for the planning, implementation and management of policies and strategies aimed at attracting and retaining physicians in suburban, priority or underserved regions.

Financial impact of the change in the vulnerability profile of More Doctors Program

OBJECTIVE

To estimate the flow of professionals and the financial impact of the Programa Mais Médicos para o Brasil (PMMB - More Doctors for Brazil Program) within the More Doctors Program (MDP) for the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the participating municipalities of the state of São Paulo, from January 2019 to March 2022.

METHODS

A financial impact study was conducted in the state of São Paulo based on public secondary databases. The number of PMMB vacancies per municipality, of physicians and vulnerability profiles were described to measure the loss of replacement of professionals in the period.

RESULTS

In the specified period, the number of PMMB physicians in participating cities will decrease from 2,533 to 320, and the number of participating municipalities from 373 to 86. The municipalities that will need to replace the physicians will have a financial impact of R$ 929,487,904.77 (with sensitivity analysis, ranging from R$ 650,641,533.34 to R$ 1,208,334,276.20).

CONCLUSION

The change of vulnerability methodology adopted for the PMMB will represent serious consequences, that is, less population assistance and high financial impact for the municipalities of the state of São Paulo in a scenario of budget limitations.

Spatial distribution of the "Mais Médicos (More Doctors) Program" and social vulnerability: an analysis of the Brazilian metropolitan regions

BACKGROUND

The "Mais Médicos (More Doctors) Program" established in 2013 by the Brazilian Government aimed to reduce inequalities by means of an emergency provision of physicians, the improvement of medical care service in the Brazilian Unified Health System, and the expansion of medical education training in Brazil. In this context, equity should be considered when defining priorities and allocating resources. This study describes the distribution of physicians for the Program in five Brazilian metropolitan regions (MRs) and analyses whether the most vulnerable areas within each one of these regions had been prioritized in compliance with the legislation framework of the program.

METHODS

This is a quantitative cross-sectional study. Official secondary data was analyzed to verify the relationship between the Index of Social Vulnerability, set up by the Institute of Applied Economic Research, and the physician allocation provided by the Program. The data were organized into categories and quintiles. For spatialization purposes, the QGIS 3.4 Madeira software was used.

RESULTS

There are 2592 primary health care units, (in Portuguese, UBS), within the five MRs studied; 981 of these hosted at least one physician from the Program. In the Manaus, Recife, and the DF MRs, the 4th and 5th quintiles (the most vulnerable ones) hosted physicians in more significant proportions than the other quintiles, namely, 71.4%, 71.4%, and 52.2%, respectively, exceeding the national average (51.7%). It is worth mentioning that in the São Paulo MR, the units located in the most vulnerable quintiles (4th and 5th) also hosted physicians in proportions significantly higher than others (45.8%); however, this proportion did not reach 50%. There was no significant difference in the allocation of physicians in the Porto Alegre MR, indicating that there was no prioritization of the UBS according to vulnerability.

CONCLUSIONS

These results appoint to the enormous gaps of vulnerability existing both between the analyzed MRs and internally in each one of them. It emphasizes the need for criteria for the allocation of physicians so as not to increase inequities. It also highlights the importance of the continuity of the "Mais Médicos (More Doctors) Program" in the metropolitan regions, above all, in areas of extreme vulnerabilities. On the other hand, they contribute to the national debate about the importance of public policies regarding constitutional rights related to access to health care and the relevance of primary care and the "Mais Médicos (More Doctors) Program" for the reduction of disparities regarding access to health care, especially for the citizens who live in regions of greater vulnerability, whether it is inside or outside large metropolitan regions.

Contexto de trabalho e satisfação profissional de enfermeiros que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família

RESUMO A pesquisa objetivou avaliar o contexto de trabalho e a satisfação profissional de enfermeiros que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família no estado da Paraíba, estabelecendo uma análise comparativa entre equipes convencionais e do Programa Mais Médicos (PMM). Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 50 enfermeiros de 34 municípios representativos de todas as gerências regionais de saúde do estado. Obtiveram-se informações quanto ao perfil dos profissionais, estrutura das unidades de saúde, contexto de trabalho e satisfação profissional. Para o contexto de trabalho, utilizou-se a Escala de Avaliação do Contexto do Trabalho, enquanto para apreender a satisfação profissional, foram utilizadas perguntas adaptadas das dimensões satisfação e remuneração da metodologia Great Place to Work. Em sua totalidade, os domínios concernentes à estrutura das unidades de saúde, ao contexto de trabalho e à satisfação profissional auferiram avaliações satisfatórias. Entretanto, constataram-se deficiências, principalmente na organização do trabalho. Não houve diferenças ao se comparar equipes convencionais e do PMM. Correlações importantes e significativas foram observadas entre o contexto de trabalho e suas subdimensões com a satisfação profissional. Esta pesquisa evidencia condições críticas de organização do trabalho que influenciam negativamente a satisfação profissional, com problemas na gestão do processo de trabalho que focam o aumento da produtividade.