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Zhang K, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Chen X, Zhang J, Pan J, Peng Y. Ectopic eruption of maxillary first permanent molars: Risk factors and association with alveolar and maxillary characteristics on children. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:1638-1645. [PMID: 39035298 PMCID: PMC11259636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose The etiology of the ectopic eruption (EE) of the maxillary first permanent molars (FPM) remains unclear and controversial. This study was designed to explore the dental and skeletal factors for EE of the FPM in children. Materials and methods Children aged 6-10 years were recruited to this study. Subjects were assigned to the ectopic eruption group (EEG) and the normal eruption group (NEG). Lateral cephalometric radiographs and panoramic radiographs were measured by angular and linear indices. Results The prevalence of EE of maxillary FPM was higher in males and at younger ages. Subjects with skeletal class III malocclusion were more likely to be diagnosed with EE of maxillary FPM. The SNA, ANB, FMIA, Wits, Ptm-A, ANS-PNS, overbite, and overjet were significantly different between the EEG and the NEG. The length of the posterior region of the maxillary alveolar bone, U6-OP, and eruptive angulation of the maxillary FPM were statistically different between the two groups. Conclusion Male sex, skeletal class III malocclusion, mesial inclination of the maxillary FPM, hypoplasia of the maxilla, and insufficient length of the posterior region of the maxillary alveolar bone were related to EE of the maxillary FPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinlei Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Jiankang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiran Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Alotaibi RM, Alattas SH, Alandanusi BN, Alomiri SS, Nazer TS, Alzahrani AM, Lingawi HS. Prevalence and Severity of Ectopic Eruption of First Permanent Molars in Pediatric Patients in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e49220. [PMID: 38143676 PMCID: PMC10739543 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early detection and management of ectopic eruption (EE) of first permanent molars (FPMs) are crucial to avoid complicated treatments later. Aim This study aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of EE of FPMs among children in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Methods This retrospective study was based on a radiographic evaluation of 1,008 dental panoramic radiographs performed for children attending the Dental Educational Hospital at Umm Al-Qura University and the Security Forces Hospital in Makkah. Patients' age, sex, tooth location, and severity of EE were assessed. The study adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guideline for cross-sectional studies. Results Of the 1,008 reviewed cases, 18 (1.79%) were diagnosed with EE of FPMs. Among the 11 male patients, 81.82% showed severe EE, while 57.14% exhibited moderately severe EE among the seven female patients. The prevalences of EE in the maxilla and mandible were 1.59% and 0.20%, respectively. In contrast, the occurrence of EE of FPMs was similar between the right and left sides. Conclusion In this study, the prevalence of EE of FPMs among children in Makkah was 1.79%. The frequency and severity were both greater in male patients compared to female patients. While significantly more EE of FPMs was observed in the maxilla than in the mandible, there was no significant difference between the right and left sides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tariq S Nazer
- Pediatric Dentistry, Security Forces Hospital, Makkah, SAU
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Alfuriji S, Alamro H, Kentab J, Alosail L, Alali L, Altuwaijri N, Alalwan R. Ectopic Permanent Molars: A Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:206. [PMID: 37754326 PMCID: PMC10529219 DOI: 10.3390/dj11090206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic permanent molar is a condition in which the permanent tooth deviates from its normal path of eruption. The etiology of this eruption anomaly is multifactorial, with both general and local factors. The principal results suggest that a valid indicator of irreversible consequences is the degree of impaction of the first permanent molar. Self-correction is most common between the ages of 7 and 8, after which help may be required. Accordingly, early management can assist in preventing subsequent potential challenges that could interfere with maintaining a balanced occlusion. Several variables, including the degree of mesial tilting, the level of root resorption, and the condition of the second primary molar, may be crucial in choosing the most effective method of treatment. Interproximal wedging and distal tipping are the two basic therapeutic strategies for ectopic permanent molars. Additionally, the use of fixed or removable appliances might also be required. Delaying treatment until a later stage is not recommended because early diagnosis and treatment are essential for optimal management. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of ectopic permanent molars, including their prevalence, etiologic factors, self-correction rates, clinical implications for adjacent teeth, and various treatment techniques, that emphasizes the importance of early detection and intervention in the successful management of ectopic permanent molars. In addition, it highlights the importance of future research into the contributing variables of irreversible ectopic molar outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Alfuriji
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia;
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa Alamro
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia;
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jomanah Kentab
- College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (J.K.); (L.A.); (N.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Lama Alosail
- Department of Periodontics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Linah Alali
- College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (J.K.); (L.A.); (N.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Nada Altuwaijri
- College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (J.K.); (L.A.); (N.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Rahaf Alalwan
- College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (J.K.); (L.A.); (N.A.); (R.A.)
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Klim EB, Mestrinho LA, Gawor JP. A Retrospective Study of Ectopic Eruption in 35 Dogs. J Vet Dent 2022; 40:174-180. [PMID: 36503317 DOI: 10.1177/08987564221141989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ectopic eruption results from a disturbance in tooth development and eruption, leading to an erupted or non-erupted tooth being in an unexpected anatomical location. This retrospective case series describes the location, position, form, and clinical signs associated with ectopic eruption in dogs. Thirty-five dogs (46 teeth) were diagnosed with ectopic eruption at three clinical practices during 2017-2020. The cases were described in terms of the location, the development and eruption status, the clinical signs, the consequences, and the treatment performed. The collected data were statistically analyzed to establish possible ramifications. The results showed that the ectopic eruption in the evaluated cases involved permanent teeth, mainly located in the maxilla, and mostly unerupted. Those located in the mandible were significantly more impacted than those located in the maxilla. This study concluded that tooth crowding and malocclusion (39.1%), facial swelling (8.6%), and periodontal disease (8.6%) were associated with the presence of ectopic eruption, and consequently, treatment was required in the majority (65.2%) of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Alexandra Mestrinho
- CIISA, Centro de Investigação interdisciplinar em sanidade animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Poland
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Bakhurji EA, Aldossary F, Aljarbo J, AlMuhammadi F, Alghamdi M, Nazir MA. Prevalence and Distribution of Nonsyndromic Dental Anomalies in Children in Eastern Saudi Arabia: A Radiographic Study. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:9914670. [PMID: 34658677 PMCID: PMC8514940 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9914670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report the prevalence and distribution of nonsyndromic dental anomalies in children in eastern Saudi Arabia. METHODS This retrospective records review study involved radiographic examination of 6-18 years old pediatric patients who attended the Dental Hospital of the College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Four calibrated examiners recorded nonsyndromic dental anomalies from patients' digital orthopantomograms (OPG). The anomalies recorded were related to tooth number, shape, and location. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and Fisher exact tests were used to report prevalence and differences by gender, nationality, and medical history at the 5% significance level. RESULTS Of 2226 reviewed patients' records, 1897 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The study sample had equal distribution of males (52.6%) and females (47.4%) and comprised 81.2% Saudi children with a mean age of 8.8 ± 1.84 years. Most study subjects (97.8%) were in mixed dentition and 88.7% were healthy. The prevalence of dental anomalies was as follows: teeth rotations (24.5%), ectopically erupted teeth (6%), congenitally missing permanent teeth (5.4%), peg lateral (1.1%), supernumerary (0.5%), gemination (0.3%), and fusion (0.1%). No statistically significant differences were found in the distribution of dental anomalies by patients' gender, medical history, and nationality (p value ≥0.05). CONCLUSION This study showed that teeth rotations were the most common dental anomalies followed by ectopic eruptions and congenitally missing teeth. The study findings may guide dental practitioners to better diagnose and manage children with dental anomalies in eastern Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Bakhurji
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Aldossary
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jood Aljarbo
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah AlMuhammadi
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysaa Alghamdi
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ashraf Nazir
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Aldowsari MK, Alsaidan M, Alaqil M, BinAjian A, Albeialy J, Alraawi M, Al Moaleem MM. Ectopic Eruption of First Permanent Molars for Pediatric Patients Attended King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Radiographic Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2021; 13:325-333. [PMID: 34335057 PMCID: PMC8318212 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s320441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early diagnosis and intervention of ectopically erupting first permanent molars (FPMs) are vital to avoiding later complex surgical or/and orthodontic treatment. Selection of proper type of intervention and simple treatment is considered as more convenient to use with children. Purpose The aim of this retrospective radiographic cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence and severity of ectopically erupting FPMs in children attending the Dental University Teaching Hospital (DUTH) at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods This retrospective study was conducted using panoramic radiographs (OPGs) of 2014 patients (973 females and 1041 males) aged from 5 to 8 years old who attended DUTH at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We assessed and recorded the age and gender of the subjects, the tooth number, arch, and location of the ectopic erupted FPMs, and the severity of resorption of the roots of the primary molars. Results Of 2014 reviewed OPGs, 45 (2.2%) cases were diagnosed with an ectopic eruption of the permanent first molar. The distribution of ectopic eruption based on gender showed that there was a higher prevalence in males 28 (2.9%) than in females 17 (1.6%). Of the 45 ectopic FPMs cases, 47 (78.33%) were detected in the maxilla, while 13 (21.66%) were seen in the mandible. Severe and moderate degrees of the ectopic eruption were found to be more common in the maxilla than in the mandible (p < 0.001). Conclusion Clinicians should be aware of such conditions, as early diagnosis is essential for providing optimum dental care. To our knowledge, this study is the first to assess the prevalence of ectopically erupting FPMs in a Saudi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mannaa K Aldowsari
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musab Alsaidan
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marshad Alaqil
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali BinAjian
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawad Albeialy
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alraawi
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Antakya, Turkey
| | - Mohammed M Al Moaleem
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Caliskan S, Tuloglu N, Ozdemir C, Kizilaslan S, Bayrak S. Ectopic eruption of maxillary permanent first molars: Predictive factors for self-corrected and impacted outcome. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e13880. [PMID: 33283360 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the occurrence, angulation and mesialisation ratio of the ectopic eruption of the maxillary permanent first molar (PFM) and its correlation with the pathological resorption of maxillary primary second molar (PSM). METHODS This retrospective study was performed using the subsequent panoramic radiographs of 11.924 child patients aged 6-10 years. Ectopic eruption status is categorised as self-corrected and impacted types. To evaluate the differences between the two groups (self-corrected and impacted), the angulation of PFM, mesialisation ratio of PFM, and degree of adjacent PSM root resorption were also assessed. The data were statistically analysed using ANOVA and chi-square tests. Pearson correlation was used to analyse whether a quantitative relationship exists between PFM mesialisation ratio and PSM root resorption. RESULTS Ectopic eruption frequency was determined as 0.83%. The distribution of ectopic eruption according to gender shows a higher prevalence in males than females. In most cases of ectopic eruption, the eruption status was impacted. The impacted PFMs showed more negative vertical and positive horizontal angle between the PSM and PFM. There was no significant difference between eruption status and angles. Mesialisation ratio of impacted PFMs was significantly higher than self-corrected PFMs. There was significant difference between the PFM mesialisation ratio and the degree of PSM root resorption. CONCLUSION Even if eruption disturbances do not occur frequently, making an early diagnosis is important to begin treatment at an optimal time. Although the relationship between horizontal and vertical angles and the ectopic eruption pattern is controversial, it is one of the clinical determinants. The mesialisation ratio of the impacted type was significantly higher than the self-corrected type. Self-correction of PFM was reduced in PSM with grade III and IV root resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Secil Caliskan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi Universitesi, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Nuray Tuloglu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi Universitesi, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Canan Ozdemir
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi Universitesi, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Sena Kizilaslan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi Universitesi, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Sule Bayrak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi Universitesi, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Chen X, Huo Y, Peng Y, Zhang Q, Zou J. Ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar: Predictive factors for irreversible outcome. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 159:e169-e177. [PMID: 33546831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study aimed to analyze possible factors involved in irreversible (IRR) ectopic eruption (EE) of the first permanent molar and explore potential predictors for the IRR outcome. METHODS Children aged 4-11 years, with at least 1 EE and who took their first panoramic radiograph before the age of 8 years, were selected in this study. The subjects were assigned to the self-correcting (SC) and IRR groups. Patients' age, sex, distribution of EE, and accompanying dental anomalies were recorded. Eruptive angulation (EA) of the first permanent molar, the grade of root resorption in the second deciduous molar, the magnitude of impaction index (MOII), and horizontal distance were measured on the panoramic radiographs. Chi-square tests and independent-sample t test were used for nominal and continuous variables, respectively. The receiver operative characteristic curve was used to determine the critical value. RESULTS A total of 406 children with 634 first permanent molars, presenting EE, were enrolled, with 61.3% of the teeth in the SC group. Sex of children with EE and distribution of EE were not relevant to the IRR outcome. The presence of supernumerary teeth might be a protective factor for the IRR outcome. The increasing severity of root resorption in the second primary molar indicated an IRR outcome. A higher MOII and a larger EA suggested an IRR outcome with moderate-to-high quality. The horizontal distance exhibited debatable results, with a low predictive quality. CONCLUSION Close monitoring and early intervention would benefit children with increasing severity of distal atypical resorption in the second primary molar, higher MOII, and larger EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiran Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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