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Burns JS, Kassem M. Identifying Biomarkers for Osteogenic Potency Assay Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1420:39-58. [PMID: 37258783 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30040-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
There has been extensive exploration of how cells may serve as advanced therapy medicinal products to treat skeletal pathologies. Osteoblast progenitors responsible for production of extracellular matrix that is subsequently mineralized during bone formation have been characterised as a rare bone marrow subpopulation of cell culture plastic adherent cells. Conveniently, they proliferate to form single-cell derived colonies of fibroblastoid cells, termed colony forming unit fibroblasts that can subsequently differentiate to aggregates resembling small areas of cartilage or bone. However, donor heterogeneity and loss of osteogenic differentiation capacity during extended cell culture have made the discovery of reliable potency assay biomarkers difficult. Nonetheless, functional osteoblast models derived from telomerised human bone marrow stromal cells have allowed extensive comparative analysis of gene expression, microRNA, morphological phenotypes and secreted proteins. This chapter highlights numerous insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning osteogenic differentiation of multipotent stromal cells and bone formation, discussing aspects involved in the choice of useful biomarkers for functional attributes that can be quantitively measured in osteogenic potency assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge S Burns
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- University Hospital of Odense, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Hayman DJ, Modebadze T, Charlton S, Cheung K, Soul J, Lin H, Hao Y, Miles CG, Tsompani D, Jackson RM, Briggs MD, Piróg KA, Clark IM, Barter MJ, Clowry GJ, LeBeau FEN, Young DA. Increased hippocampal excitability in miR-324-null mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10452. [PMID: 34001919 PMCID: PMC8129095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs that act to downregulate the expression of target genes by translational repression and degradation of messenger RNA molecules. Individual microRNAs have the ability to specifically target a wide array of gene transcripts, therefore allowing each microRNA to play key roles in multiple biological pathways. miR-324 is a microRNA predicted to target thousands of RNA transcripts and is expressed far more highly in the brain than in any other tissue, suggesting that it may play a role in one or multiple neurological pathways. Here we present data from the first global miR-324-null mice, in which increased excitability and interictal discharges were identified in vitro in the hippocampus. RNA sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes in miR-324-null mice which may contribute to this increased hippocampal excitability, and 3'UTR luciferase assays and western blotting revealed that two of these, Suox and Cd300lf, are novel direct targets of miR-324. Characterisation of microRNAs that produce an effect on neurological activity, such as miR-324, and identification of the pathways they regulate will allow a better understanding of the processes involved in normal neurological function and in turn may present novel pharmaceutical targets in treating neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan J Hayman
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Tamara Modebadze
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Sarah Charlton
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Kat Cheung
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Jamie Soul
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Hua Lin
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Yao Hao
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
- Orthopedics Department, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Yingze District, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Colin G Miles
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Dimitra Tsompani
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Robert M Jackson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Michael D Briggs
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Katarzyna A Piróg
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Ian M Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Matt J Barter
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Gavin J Clowry
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Fiona E N LeBeau
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - David A Young
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
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Al-Modawi RN, Brinchmann JE, Karlsen TA. Multi-pathway Protective Effects of MicroRNAs on Human Chondrocytes in an In Vitro Model of Osteoarthritis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 17:776-790. [PMID: 31446120 PMCID: PMC6716067 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease. One of the main pathogenic factors of OA is thought to be inflammation. Other factors associated with OA are dysregulation of microRNAs, reduced autophagic activity, oxidative stress, and altered metabolism. microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that are powerful regulators of gene expression. miR-140-5p is considered a cartilage-specific microRNA, is necessary for in vitro chondrogenesis, has anti-inflammatory properties, and is downregulated in osteoarthritic cartilage. Its passenger strand, miR-140-3p, is the most highly expressed microRNA in healthy cartilage and increases during in vitro chondrogenesis. miR-146a is a well-known anti-inflammatory microRNA. Several studies have illustrated its role in OA and autoimmune diseases. We show that, when human chondrocytes were transfected individually with miR-140-5p, miR-140-3p, or miR-146a prior to stimulation with interleukin-1 beta and tumor factor necrosis-alpha as an inflammatory model of OA, each of these microRNAs exhibited similar protective effects. Mass spectrometry analysis provided an insight to the altered proteome. All three microRNAs downregulated important inflammatory mediators. In addition, they affected different proteins belonging to the same biological processes, suggesting an overall inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress, enhancement of autophagy, and restoration of other homeostatic cellular mechanisms, including metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rua Nader Al-Modawi
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jan E Brinchmann
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tommy A Karlsen
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Song J, Jin EH, Kim D, Kim KY, Chun CH, Jin EJ. MicroRNA-222 regulates MMP-13 via targeting HDAC-4 during osteoarthritis pathogenesis. BBA CLINICAL 2014; 3:79-89. [PMID: 26673737 PMCID: PMC4661531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Even though increasing evidences on miRNA involvement in human pathological responses, the distinct roles and related mechanisms of miRNAs in the pathology of osteoarthritis (OA) are not yet fully understood. Method RNA levels or protein levels of Apoptotic genes, HDACs, MMP-13, and miRNAs in human chondrocytes isolated from normal biopsy sample and OA cartilages were analyzed by real-time PCR or western blotting. Exogenous modulation of miR-222 level was performed using delivery of its specific precursor or specific inhibitor and target validation assay was applied to identify its potent target. In vivo study using DMM mice model was performed and assessed the degree of cartilage degradation. Results According to miRNA profiling, miR-222 was significantly down-regulated in OA chondrocytes. Over-expression of miR-222 significantly suppressed apoptotic death by down-regulating HDAC-4 and MMP-13 level. Moreover, 3′-UTR reporter assays showed that HDAC-4 is a direct target of miR-222. The treatment of chondrocytes with the HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), suppressed MMP-13 protein level and apoptosis, whereas the over-expression of HDAC-4 displayed opposite effects. The introduction of miR-222 into the cartilage of medial meniscus destabilized mice significantly reduced cartilage destruction and MMP-13 level. Conclusion Taken together, our data suggest that miR-222 may be involved in cartilage destruction by targeting HDAC-4 and regulating MMP-13 level. MiR-222 controls OA pathogenesis by targeting HDAC-4. HADC-4 regulated by miR-222 modulates MMP-13 expression during cartilage destruction. Our study indicates the possibility that miR-222 could act as a protective factor against OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsoo Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Eun-Heui Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Dongkyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Keun Young Kim
- Department of Surgery, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Chunbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Churl-Hong Chun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Chunbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk 570-749, Korea ; Integrated Omics Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chunbuk 570-749, Korea
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Jazbutyte V, Fiedler J, Kneitz S, Galuppo P, Just A, Holzmann A, Bauersachs J, Thum T. MicroRNA-22 increases senescence and activates cardiac fibroblasts in the aging heart. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:747-62. [PMID: 22538858 PMCID: PMC3636396 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non- coding RNA molecules controlling a plethora of biological processes such as development, cellular survival and senescence. We here determined miRs differentially regulated during cardiac postnatal development and aging. Cardiac function, morphology and miR expression profiles were determined in neonatal, 4 weeks, 6 months and 19 months old normotensive male healthy C57/Bl6N mice. MiR-22 was most prominently upregulated during cardiac aging. Cardiac expression of its bioinformatically predicted target mimecan (osteoglycin, OGN) was gradually decreased with advanced age. Luciferase reporter assays validated mimecan as a bona fide miR-22 target. Both, miR-22 and its target mimecan were co- expressed in cardiac fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Functionally, miR-22 overexpression induced cellular senescence and promoted migratory activity of cardiac fibroblasts. Small interference RNA-mediated silencing of mimecan in cardiac fibroblasts mimicked the miR-22-mediated effects. Rescue experiments revealed that the effects of miR-22 on cardiac fibroblasts were only partially mediated by mimecan. In conclusion, miR-22 upregulation in the aging heart contributed at least partly to accelerated cardiac fibroblast senescence and increased migratory activity. Our results suggest an involvement of miR-22 in age-associated cardiac changes, such as cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginija Jazbutyte
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Fiedler
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Kneitz
- Microarray Core Facility, Interdisciplinary Centre of Clinical Research, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paolo Galuppo
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annette Just
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Angelika Holzmann
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Clinical and Basic Research, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
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Wang Z, Lu Y, Zhang X, Ren X, Wang Y, Li Z, Xu C, Han J. Serum microRNA is a promising biomarker for osteogenesis imperfecta. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2012; 1:81-5. [PMID: 25343076 PMCID: PMC4204563 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2012.v1.2.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to screen preliminary differential expression bone-related microRNAs (miRNAs) in serum of patients with osteogenesis imperfacta and to clarify whether serum microRNA is a promising biomarker for osteogenesis imperfecta. geNorm and several other programes were performed to select suitable reference genes for quantitative detection of serum miRNAs from 6 candidate control genes. With geometric averaging of selected reference genes as a normalization factor, fluorescence-based quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect expression levels of more than 100 bone-related miRNAs obtained by means of miRanda, Targetscan and Pictar software calculations and reading the literature. Through analysis of expression stability and pairwise variations, all 6 candidate reference genes had a stable expression level in serum of 8 healthy controls and 8 patients with different characrteristics, and the optimal number of reference genes for normalization was 4 (snRNAU6, miR-92a, miR-16, and Let-7a). For further validation, the expression stability of 4 reference genes remained steady in serum of another 8 healthy controls and 16 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (M < 1.5). When normalized using multiple control genes, 11 bone-related miRNAs showed differential expression in serum of 8 osteogenesis imperfecta patients compared with 8 healthy controls. In conclusion, we identified snRNAU6, miR-92a, miR-16, and Let-7a as an internal reference gene group for qRT-PCR normalization and screening results revealed that there existed many differential expression bone-related miRNAs in serum of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta compared with healthy controls, and that these miRNAs had potential to be biomarkers for serologic tests and diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta with analysis of bioinformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Wang
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan University Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences College of Life Science and Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanqin Lu
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan University Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences College of Life Science and Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan University Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences College of Life Science and Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | | | - Yanzhou Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | | | - Chao Xu
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan University Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences College of Life Science and Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center, Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare Disease of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan University Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences College of Life Science and Medicine, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Jinxiang Han, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 18877 Jing-shi Road, Ji'nan, 250062, Shandong, China. E-mail:
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Hypoxia potentiates microRNA-mediated gene silencing through posttranslational modification of Argonaute2. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 31:4760-74. [PMID: 21969601 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.05776-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia contributes to the pathogenesis of various human diseases, including pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), stroke, myocardial or cerebral infarction, and cancer. For example, acute hypoxia causes selective pulmonary artery (PA) constriction and elevation of pulmonary artery pressure. Chronic hypoxia induces structural and functional changes to the pulmonary vasculature, which resembles the phenotype of human PAH and is commonly used as an animal model of this disease. The mechanisms that lead to hypoxia-induced phenotypic changes have not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that hypoxia increases type I collagen prolyl-4-hydroxylase [C-P4H(I)], which leads to prolyl-hydroxylation and accumulation of Argonaute2 (Ago2), a critical component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Hydroxylation of Ago2 is required for the association of Ago2 with heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), which is necessary for the loading of microRNAs (miRNAs) into the RISC, and translocation to stress granules (SGs). We demonstrate that hydroxylation of Ago2 increases the level of miRNAs and increases the endonuclease activity of Ago2. In summary, this study identifies hypoxia as a mediator of the miRNA-dependent gene silencing pathway through posttranslational modification of Ago2, which might be responsible for cell survival or pathological responses under low oxygen stress.
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Sun J, Zhong N, Li Q, Min Z, Zhao W, Sun Q, Tian L, Yu H, Shi Q, Zhang F, Lu S. MicroRNAs of rat articular cartilage at different developmental stages identified by Solexa sequencing. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011; 19:1237-45. [PMID: 21820522 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNAs) can shape the repertoire of proteins expressed in development, differentiation and diseases. This study aimed to identify miRNA profile of articular cartilage at different developmental stages in rats. METHODS Three small RNA libraries were constructed from the femoral head cartilage of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at postnatal day 0, day 21 and day 42 and sequenced by a deep sequencing approach. Then a bioinformatics approach was employed to distinguish genuine miRNAs from small RNAs represented in the mass sequencing data. The expression of indicated miRNAs was determined by stem-loop RT-qPCR to valuate the consistency with Solexa sequencing. RESULTS Two hundred and fifty-eight of 310 known miRNA and miRNA* genes were organized into 91 compact clusters. Two hundred and forty-six miRNAs were detected in all three small RNA libraries of rat articular cartilage. Forty-six, fifty-two and fifty-six miRNA* genes were identified from three small RNA libraries, respectively, and 86 novel miRNA candidate genes were found simultaneously. In addition, 23 known miRNAs were up-regulated (fold change ≥ 4); six were down-regulated (fold change ≤ -4) during articular cartilage development. The predicted targets of differentially expressed miRNAs were locally secreted factors and transcription factors that regulate proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes. The same expression tendency of indicated miRNAs during articular cartilage development stages was observed by using Solexa sequencing and stem-loop RT-qPCR. CONCLUSION Our study provided a unique opportunity to decipher how the elaboration of the miRNA repertoire contributes to the development process of articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sun
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
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Lin L, Shen Q, Zhang C, Chen L, Yu C. Assessment of the profiling microRNA expression of differentiated and dedifferentiated human adult articular chondrocytes. J Orthop Res 2011; 29:1578-84. [PMID: 21462252 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA has an important role in regulating gene expression during cell differentiation. In this study we identified the expression pattern of microRNA in the differentiated and dedifferentiated chondrocytes. Adult human articular chondrocytes were cultured in monolayer. RNA was isolated from the differentiated chondrocytes (collected after isolation) and the fifth-passage (dedifferentiated) chondrocytes, and subjected to gene expression analysis using microRNA and cDNA microarray analysis. Real-time RT-PCR was also performed to confirm the differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, we integrated microRNA and cDNA microarray data together with computational approaches, such as microRNA gene target prediction algorithms, to reveal the role of microRNAs involved in chondrocyte homeostasis. The results showed a dramatic change in expression of microRNA between the two cell types. Thirteen up-regulated and 12 down-regulated microRNAs were detected in differentiated chondroctes. We also revealed microRNA-gene target pairs potentially involved in dedifferentiation process. Our results revealed novel findings of differential expression of microRNA in dedifferentiation, and microRNA could have an important role in the maintenance of chondrocytes homeostasis. MicroRNA may be a target for cartilage tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
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miRNAs control tracheal chondrocyte differentiation. Dev Biol 2011; 360:58-65. [PMID: 21945074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The specific program that enables the stereotypic differentiation of specialized cartilages, including the trachea, is intrinsically distinct from the program that gives rise to growth plate hypertrophic chondrocytes. For example, Snail1 is an effector of FGF signaling in growth plate pre-hypertrophic chondrocytes, but it derails the normal program of permanent chondrocytes, repressing the transcription of Aggrecan and Collagen type 2a1 (Col2a1). Here we show that miRNA activity is essential for normal trachea development and that miR-125b and miR-30a/c keep Snail1 at low levels, thus enabling full functional differentiation of Col2a1 tracheal chondrocytes. Specific inhibition of miR-125b and miR-30a/c in chondrocytes or Dicer1 knockout in the trachea, de-repress Snail1. As a consequence, the transcription of Aggrecan and Col2a1 is hampered and extracellular matrix deposition is decreased. Our data reveals a new miRNA pathway that is safekeeping the specific genetic program of differentiated and matrix-producing tracheal chondrocytes from acquisition of unwanted signals. This pathway may improve understanding of human primary tracheomalacia and improve protocols for cartilage tissue engineering.
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11
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Lin EA, Kong L, Bai XH, Luan Y, Liu CJ. miR-199a, a bone morphogenic protein 2-responsive MicroRNA, regulates chondrogenesis via direct targeting to Smad1. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:11326-35. [PMID: 19251704 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807709200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are short non-coding RNA molecules that regulate a variety of biological processes. The role of miRNAs in BMP2-mediated biological processes is of considerable interest. A comparative miRNA array led to the isolation of several BMP2-responsive miRNAs. Among them, miR-199a(*) is of particular interest, because it was reported to be specifically expressed in the skeletal system. Here we demonstrate that miR-199a(*) is an early responsive target of BMP2: its level was dramatically reduced at 5 h, quickly increased at 24 h and remained higher thereafter in the course of BMP2-triggered chondrogenesis of a micromass culture of pluripotent C3H10T1/2 stem cells. miR-199a(*) significantly inhibited early chondrogenesis, as revealed by the reduced expression of early marker genes for chondrogenesis such as cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), type II collagen, and Sox9, whereas anti-miR-199a(*) increased the expression of these chondrogenic marker genes. A computer-based prediction algorithm led to the identification of Smad1, a well established downstream molecule of BMP-2 signaling, as a putative target of miR-199a(*). The pattern of Smad1 mRNA expression exhibited the mirror opposite of miR-199a(*) expression following BMP-2 induction. Furthermore, miR-199a(*) demonstrated remarkable inhibition of both endogenous Smad1 as well as a reporter construct bearing the 3-untranslated region of Smad1 mRNA. In addition, mutation of miR-199a(*) binding sites in the 3'-untranslated region of Smad1 mRNA abolished miR-199a(*)-mediated repression of reporter gene activity. Mechanism studies revealed that miR-199a(*) inhibits Smad1/Smad4-mediated transactivation of target genes, and that overexpression of Smad1 completely corrects miR-199a(*)-mediated repression of early chondrogenesis. Taken together, miR-199a(*) is the first BMP2 responsive microRNA found to adversely regulate early chondrocyte differentiation via direct targeting of the Smad1 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10003, USA
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