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Bertuglia A, Pallante M, Pillon G, Valle D, Pagliara E, Riccio B. Reattachment of Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesions in the Lateral Femoral Trochlear Ridge With Bioabsorbable Screws in 4 Yearling Standardbreds. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 123:104242. [PMID: 36773855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
This case series describes an alternative surgical technique to obtain reattachment of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions in the lateral trochlear ridge of the femur (LTRF) as well as the clinical and radiological outcome of treated cases. Four Standardbred yearlings (6 lesions in total) underwent surgical fixation of large OCD defects in the LTRF under arthroscopic guidance. Reattachment of the OCD lesions was obtained using 3.0/3.7 mm headless bio-compression and absorbable poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) screws, inserted perpendicularly to the cartilage surface through the lesion. All horses were discharged from the hospital without complications. Clinical and radiological follow-up were collected and reviewed at 6 and 12 months post-operatively. Successful healing of the OCD lesions occurred in all cases based on radiographic evaluations, associated with a reduction of femoro-patellar effusion. All horses presented in this case series were able to enter regular training program as racehorses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bertuglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italia.
| | - Marcello Pallante
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Parma, Italia
| | - Giada Pillon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italia
| | - Daniela Valle
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italia
| | - Eleonora Pagliara
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italia
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Nelson JT, Monahan CF, Sledge DG, Kim S. Retained cartilaginous core in the distal radius of a small breed dog. J Small Anim Pract 2023; 64:359-362. [PMID: 36720228 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A 5-month-old castrated male Smooth Fox Terrier presented for a 1-month history of right thoracic limb lameness. Physical examination revealed right elbow pain on extension and mild soft tissue swelling of the distal antebrachium. Radiographs and computed tomography showed elongated focal radiolucent regions in the distal radial metaphysis. There was incongruity of the right elbow with a short radius. Bone biopsy and histopathology of the regions confirmed a retained cartilaginous core characterised by bony trabeculae with frequently retained central cartilaginous cores. A dynamic proximal ulnar ostectomy was performed to improve elbow congruity. The owner was instructed to restrict activity to short leash walks for 8 weeks followed by a gradual activity increase. On follow-up examination 16 weeks after operatively, the lameness and elbow pain were resolved. Radiographs at that time showed a healed ulnar ostectomy, proper elbow congruity, and resolved retained cartilaginous core.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Nelson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - C F Monahan
- New Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Life Sciences and Agriculture, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, 0324, USA
| | - D G Sledge
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan, 48910, USA
| | - S Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47906, USA
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Nanofibrous hyaluronic acid scaffolds delivering TGF-β3 and SDF-1α for articular cartilage repair in a large animal model. Acta Biomater 2021; 126:170-182. [PMID: 33753316 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Focal cartilage injuries have poor intrinsic healing potential and often progress to osteoarthritis, a costly disease affecting almost a third of adults in the United States. To treat these patients, cartilage repair therapies often use cell-seeded scaffolds, which are limited by donor site morbidity, high costs, and poor efficacy. To address these limitations, we developed an electrospun cell-free fibrous hyaluronic acid (HA) scaffold that delivers factors specifically designed to enhance cartilage repair: Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1α (SDF-1α; SDF) to increase the recruitment and infiltration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and Transforming Growth Factor-β3 (TGF-β3; TGF) to enhance cartilage tissue formation. Scaffolds were characterized in vitro and then deployed in a large animal model of full-thickness cartilage defect repair. The bioactivity of both factors was verified in vitro, with both SDF and TGF increasing cell migration, and TGF increasing matrix formation by MSCs. In vivo, however, scaffolds releasing SDF resulted in an inferior cartilage healing response (lower mechanics, lower ICRS II histology score) compared to scaffolds releasing TGF alone. These results highlight the importance of translation into large animal models to appropriately screen scaffolds and therapies, and will guide investigators towards alternative growth factor combinations. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study addresses an area of orthopaedic medicine in which treatment options are limited and new biomaterials stand to improve patient outcomes. Those suffering from articular cartilage injuries are often destined to have early onset osteoarthritis. We have created a cell-free nanofibrous hyaluronic acid (HA) scaffold that delivers factors specifically designed to enhance cartilage repair: Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1α (SDF-1α; SDF) to increase the recruitment and infiltration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and Transforming Growth Factor-β3 (TGF-β3; TGF) to enhance cartilage tissue formation. To our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate such a bioactive scaffold in a large animal model and demonstrates the capacity for dual growth factor release.
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Mancini IAD, Schmidt S, Brommer H, Pouran B, Schäfer S, Tessmar J, Mensinga A, van Rijen MHP, Groll J, Blunk T, Levato R, Malda J, van Weeren PR. A composite hydrogel-3D printed thermoplast osteochondral anchor as example for a zonal approach to cartilage repair: in vivo performance in a long-term equine model. Biofabrication 2020; 12:035028. [PMID: 32434160 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab94ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has been focusing on the generation of living personalized osteochondral constructs for joint repair. Native articular cartilage has a zonal structure, which is not reflected in current constructs and which may be a cause of the frequent failure of these repair attempts. Therefore, we investigated the performance of a composite implant that further reflects the zonal distribution of cellular component both in vitro and in vivo in a long-term equine model. Constructs constituted of a 3D-printed poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) bone anchor from which reinforcing fibers protruded into the chondral part of the construct over which two layers of a thiol-ene cross-linkable hyaluronic acid/poly(glycidol) hybrid hydrogel (HA-SH/P(AGE-co-G)) were fabricated. The top layer contained Articular Cartilage Progenitor Cells (ACPCs) derived from the superficial layer of native cartilage tissue, the bottom layer contained mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The chondral part of control constructs were homogeneously filled with MSCs. After six months in vivo, microtomography revealed significant bone growth into the anchor. Histologically, there was only limited production of cartilage-like tissue (despite persistency of hydrogel) both in zonal and non-zonal constructs. There were no differences in histological scoring; however, the repair tissue was significantly stiffer in defects repaired with zonal constructs. The sub-optimal quality of the repair tissue may be related to several factors, including early loss of implanted cells, or inappropriate degradation rate of the hydrogel. Nonetheless, this approach may be promising and research into further tailoring of biomaterials and of construct characteristics seems warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A D Mancini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Martel G, Crowley D, Olive J, Halley J, Laverty S. Ultrasonographic screening for subclinical osteochondrosis of the femoral trochlea in foals (28-166 days old): a prospective farm study. Equine Vet J 2017; 50:312-320. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Martel
- Comparative Orthopedic Research Laboratory; Department of Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Montreal; Saint-Hyacinthe Quebec Canada
| | - D. Crowley
- Fethard Equine Hospital; Fethard Ireland
| | - J. Olive
- Radiology, Department of Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Montreal; Saint-Hyacinthe Quebec Canada
| | - J. Halley
- Fethard Equine Hospital; Fethard Ireland
| | - S. Laverty
- Comparative Orthopedic Research Laboratory; Department of Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Montreal; Saint-Hyacinthe Quebec Canada
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Ortved KF. Surgical Management of Osteochondrosis in Foals. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2017; 33:379-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Stack JD, Levingstone TJ, Lalor W, Sanders R, Kearney C, O'Brien FJ, David F. Repair of large osteochondritis dissecans lesions using a novel multilayered tissue engineered construct in an equine athlete. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 11:2785-2795. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. David Stack
- University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin; Ireland
| | - Tanya J. Levingstone
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; RCSI & TCD; Dublin Ireland
| | - William Lalor
- W. Lalor Equine Sports Medicine; Clonmel, Co. Tipperary; Ireland
| | - Ruth Sanders
- Chiltern Equine Clinic, Blueberry Farm Hospital; Warfield Berkshire UK
| | - Clodagh Kearney
- University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital, University College Dublin; Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy; Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; Dublin Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering; Trinity College Dublin; Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre; RCSI & TCD; Dublin Ireland
| | - Florent David
- Bjerke Dyrehospital - En Rikstotoklinikk; Oslo Norway
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Cokelaere S, Malda J, van Weeren R. Cartilage defect repair in horses: Current strategies and recent developments in regenerative medicine of the equine joint with emphasis on the surgical approach. Vet J 2016; 214:61-71. [PMID: 27387728 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chondral and osteochondral lesions due to injury or other pathology are highly prevalent conditions in horses (and humans) and commonly result in the development of osteoarthritis and progression of joint deterioration. Regenerative medicine of articular cartilage is an emerging clinical treatment option for patients with articular cartilage injury or disease. Functional articular cartilage restoration, however, remains a major challenge, but the field is progressing rapidly and there is an increasing body of supportive clinical and scientific evidence. This review gives an overview of the established and emerging surgical techniques employed for cartilage repair in horses. Through a growing insight in surgical cartilage repair possibilities, surgeons might be more stimulated to explore novel techniques in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Cokelaere
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM Utrecht, NL, Netherlands.
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM Utrecht, NL, Netherlands; Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, NL, Netherlands
| | - René van Weeren
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM Utrecht, NL, Netherlands
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Sakata R, Iwakura T, Reddi AH. Regeneration of Articular Cartilage Surface: Morphogens, Cells, and Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:461-73. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Sakata
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Sacramento, California
| | - Takashi Iwakura
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Sacramento, California
| | - A. Hari Reddi
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Sacramento, California
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Santos MP, Gutierrez-Nibeyro SD, McKnight AL, Singh K. GROSS AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC CORRELATION OF LOW-FIELD MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FINDINGS IN THE STIFLE OF ASYMPTOMATIC HORSES. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2014; 56:407-16. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos P. Santos
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; Urbana IL
| | | | | | - Kuldeep Singh
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois; Urbana IL
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Anderson JA, Little D, Toth AP, Moorman CT, Tucker BS, Ciccotti MG, Guilak F. Stem cell therapies for knee cartilage repair: the current status of preclinical and clinical studies. Am J Sports Med 2014; 42:2253-61. [PMID: 24220016 PMCID: PMC4019709 DOI: 10.1177/0363546513508744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Articular cartilage damage of the knee is common, causing significant morbidity worldwide. Many adult tissues contain cells that are able to differentiate into multiple cell types, including chondrocytes. These stem cells have gained significant attention over the past decade and may become frontline management for cartilage defects in the very near future. PURPOSE The role of stem cells in the treatment of knee osteochondral defects was reviewed. Recent animal and clinical studies were reviewed to determine the benefits and potential outcomes of using stem cells for cartilage defects. STUDY DESIGN Literature review. METHODS A PubMed search was undertaken. The key phrase "stem cells and knee" was used. The search included reviews and original articles over an unlimited time period. From this search, articles outlining animal and clinical trials were selected. A search of current clinical trials in progress was performed on the clinicaltrials.gov website, and "stem cells and knee" was used as the search phrase. RESULTS Stem cells have been used in many recent in vitro and animal studies. A number of cell-based approaches for cartilage repair have progressed from preclinical animal studies into clinical trials. CONCLUSION The use of stem cells for the treatment of cartilage defects is increasing in animal and clinical studies. Methods of delivery of stem cells to the knee's cartilage vary from direct injection to implantation with scaffolds. While these approaches are highly promising, there is currently limited evidence of a direct clinical benefit, and further research is required to assess the overall outcome of stem cell therapies for knee cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Anderson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
,Rothman Institute Cartilage Center, Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
,Address correspondence to Rothman Institute Cartilage Center, 925 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107 ()
| | - Dianne Little
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alison P. Toth
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Claude T. Moorman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Bradford S. Tucker
- Rothman Institute Cartilage Center, Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael G. Ciccotti
- Rothman Institute Cartilage Center, Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Nichols S, Lardé H. Noninfectious Joint Disease in Cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2014; 30:205-23, vii. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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SPARKS HD, NIXON AJ, FORTIER LA, MOHAMMED HO. Arthroscopic reattachment of osteochondritis dissecans cartilage flaps of the femoropatellar joint: Long-term results. Equine Vet J 2011; 43:650-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chu CR, Szczodry M, Bruno S. Animal models for cartilage regeneration and repair. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2010; 16:105-15. [PMID: 19831641 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage injury and degeneration are leading causes of disability. Animal studies are critically important to developing effective treatments for cartilage injuries. This review focuses on the use of animal models for the study of the repair and regeneration of focal cartilage defects. Animals commonly used in cartilage repair studies include murine, lapine, canine, caprine, porcine, and equine models. There are advantages and disadvantages to each model. Small animal rodent and lapine models are cost effective, easy to house, and useful for pilot and proof-of-concept studies. The availability of transgenic and knockout mice provide opportunities for mechanistic in vivo study. Athymic mice and rats are additionally useful for evaluating the cartilage repair potential of human cells and tissues. Their small joint size, thin cartilage, and greater potential for intrinsic healing than humans, however, limit the translational value of small animal models. Large animal models with thicker articular cartilage permit study of both partial thickness and full thickness chondral repair, as well as osteochondral repair. Joint size and cartilage thickness for canine, caprine, and mini-pig models remain significantly smaller than that of humans. The repair and regeneration of chondral and osteochondral defects of size and volume comparable to that of clinically significant human lesions can be reliably studied primarily in equine models. While larger animals may more closely approximate the human clinical situation, they carry greater logistical, financial, and ethical considerations. A multifactorial analysis of each animal model should be carried out when planning in vivo studies. Ultimately, the scientific goals of the study will be critical in determining the appropriate animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance R Chu
- Cartilage Restoration Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
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Caston SS, Reinertson EL. Evidence-based musculoskeletal surgery in horses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2007; 23:461-79. [PMID: 17616323 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2007.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders comprise a large portion of the conditions treated by equine veterinarians. Surgical intervention is the treatment of choice in many cases. The body of literature describing and exploring surgical correction of musculoskeletal disorders in horses is steadily growing but still lacking. At this juncture, we can use what information we have with the understanding that as the quality of research advances, we should apply stricter standards to the evidence we use to answer our clinical questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Caston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Barnewitz D, Endres M, Krüger I, Becker A, Zimmermann J, Wilke I, Ringe J, Sittinger M, Kaps C. Treatment of articular cartilage defects in horses with polymer-based cartilage tissue engineering grafts. Biomaterials 2006; 27:2882-9. [PMID: 16442157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Accepted: 01/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of our study was to evaluate the integration of autologous cartilage tissue engineering transplants based on resorbable polyglactin/polydioxanone scaffolds into full-thickness cartilage defects of horses. Cartilage biopsies were taken from the non-load-bearing area of the lateral talus of the left tibiotarsal joint of eight healthy Haflinger horses. Tissue engineering cartilage transplants were generated by three-dimensional arrangement of autologous chondrocytes in biocompatible and resorbable polymer scaffolds. Full-thickness cartilage defects of 8 mm in diameter were created in the tubular bone condyle of the fetlock joint and cartilage grafts were fixed using an anchor system, while defects without grafting served as controls. After 6 and 12 months the repair tissue was evaluated histologically and showed formation of a cartilaginous tissue and good integration into the surrounding host tissue with firm bonding of the graft to the adjacent cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that the content of glycosaminoglycans and hydroxyproline is comparable in repair tissue derived from treated and control defects. The use of three-dimensional autologous cartilage transplants based on resorbable polymer scaffolds ensures secure fixation, good integration of the graft into cartilage lesions, and is therefore suggested as a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Barnewitz
- Research Center of Medical Technology and Biotechnology, Bad Langensalza, Germany
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Fortier LA, Nixon AJ. New Surgical Treatments for Osteochondritis Dissecans and Subchondral Bone Cysts. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2005; 21:673-90, vii. [PMID: 16297727 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2005.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) and subchondral bone cysts (SBCs) occur commonly and at many different locations in equine limbs and can lead to secondary osteoarthritis when left untreated. Depending on the location and extent of the lesion, arthroscopic surgical debridement may be an effective treatment for returning a horse to athletic soundness. In many cases, however, additional techniques to improve the healing response in bone and cartilage are needed so as to preserve articular function. Methods for improving cartilage repair (ie, restoration of damaged cartilage)or regeneration (ie, reformation or recreation of new articular cartilage) in select cases of OCD and SBCs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Fortier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Medical College, C3-181, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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