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Iwaszko A, Borowicz H, Graczyk S, Slowikowska M, Pliszczak-Krol A, Niedzwiedz A. Effect of antigen challenge on dynamics of CD62P and CD41/61 expression on platelets in horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 202:172-180. [PMID: 30078592 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), also known as heaves, is an allergic respiratory condition that develops in horses following an exposure to aeroallergens in hay and straw. This is manifested by airway hyperreactivity, inflammation, bronchoconstriction, as well as a leukocyte and platelet infiltration into the airways. Platelet activation and an increase in circulating platelet-leukocyte aggregates may lead to airway remodeling. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of seven-day antigen challenge on dynamics of platelet indices and CD41/61 and CD62 P expression on platelets in horses with RAO. Ten RAO-affected horses and ten healthy horses were included in this study. All horses were exposed to 7 days hay and straw challenge. Blood samples were collected prior to the challenge (Pre-challenge) and 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 days after the initiating the antigen challenge. Blood samples were obtained to determine the platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR). Expression of CD62 P and CD41/61 was detected by flow cytometry on activated platelets. Antigen challenge resulted in a significant gradual decrease of PLT in RAO horses, but not in controls. MPV and P-LCR in control and RAO-affected horses remained unchanged after antigen challenge. The expression of CD62 P and CD41/61 in RAO horses was significantly higher compared to control horses. The antigen challenge resulted in an increase expression of CD62 P and CD41/61 on the platelets of RAO-affected horses, while did not lead to significant changes in the control group. An increased expression of CD62 P and CD41/61 indicates platelet activation what may contribute to the formation of platelet aggregates in their respiratory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Iwaszko
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Hieronim Borowicz
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Stanislaw Graczyk
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Malwina Slowikowska
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Pliszczak-Krol
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Artur Niedzwiedz
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Roscher KA, Failing K, Schenk I, Moritz A. Suspected aspirin resistance in individual healthy adult warmblood horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 40:e16-e22. [PMID: 28390056 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reasons for this prospective experimental study were to determine a dosing scheme with loading and maintenance dose of aspirin inducing inhibition of platelet function measured by whole blood impedance aggregometry. Ten horses received aspirin orally in the morning with one loading dose of 4.7-5 mg/kg and maintenance doses of 1-1.3 mg/kg daily the following 4 days. Aggregometries (COLtest, ASPItest, ADPtest) and serum salicylic acid were measured. ASPItest showed significant difference in inhibition at 24 and 48 hr (p < .05) and 96 hr (p < .01). Significant change for ADPtest and COLtest couldn't be detected. Serum salicylic acid concentrations were significantly (p < .01) increased at 6 and 12 hr. Despite this, three horses failed any inhibitory effect of platelet function, suspecting an aspirin resistance. Regarding the other seven horses platelet aggregation induced by ASPItest was reduced between 37% and 100% from baseline at 6 and 12 hr and between 0 and 98% during the next 4 days. Correlations of serum concentration of salicylic acid and aggregometries couldn't be detected. It can be presumed that equine platelets are less susceptible to aspirin what may compromise eventually the anticoagulatory effects and efficacy in preventing and treating diseases with increased platelet activation as endotoxaemia or laminitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Roscher
- Equine Clinic, Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - K Failing
- Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - I Schenk
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Moritz
- Clinical Pathophysiology and Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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Leclere M, Bédard C, Cortes-Dubly ML, Lavoie JP. Blood hypercoagulability and systemic inflammation in horses with heaves. Vet J 2015; 206:105-7. [PMID: 26164529 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
As inflammation and coagulation are intertwined processes, the efficiency of blood coagulation of heaves-affected horses and controls were compared in an observational case-control study, using thrombelastography. In experiment 1 (Exacerbation, six heaves, five controls), horses were housed indoors and fed hay. Thrombelastography, functional fibrinogen, platelet count, hematology, and antithrombin were measured. In experiment 2 (Remission, eight heaves, 11 controls), horses were housed in a low-dust environment for at least a month when thrombelastography was performed. Heaves-affected horses in exacerbation had greater maximum amplitude and higher functional fibrinogen than controls. Heaves-affected horses in clinical remission had greater maximum amplitude than controls. The hypercoagulable state and systemic inflammation of horses with heaves may be a consequence of pulmonary inflammation and may contribute to the perpetuation of airway dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Leclere
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, J2S 7C6, Québec, Canada.
| | - Christian Bédard
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, J2S 7C6, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Laure Cortes-Dubly
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, J2S 7C6, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Lavoie
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, J2S 7C6, Québec, Canada
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Expression of surface platelet receptors (CD62P and CD41/61) in horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 164:87-92. [PMID: 25665521 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) is an allergic disease of horses similar to human asthma, which is characterized by airway inflammation and activation of neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets. Platelet activation and an increase in circulating platelet-leukocyte aggregates may lead to airway remodeling. The aim of this study was to investigate platelet status in RAO-affected horses based on the platelet morphology and platelet surface expression of CD41/61 and CD62P. Ten RAO-affected horses and ten healthy horses were included in this study. Blood samples were obtained to determine the platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR). Expression of CD62P and CD41/61 was detected by flow cytometry on activated platelets. The median PLT was significantly reduced in horses with RAO compared to the controls. The MPV and the P-LCR values were significantly higher in RAO horses than controls. Expression of CD41/61 on platelets was increased in RAO horses, while CD62P expression was reduced. This study demonstrated the morphological changes in platelets and expression of platelet surface receptors. Despite the decrease of CD62P expression, the observed increased surface expression of CD41/61 on platelets in horses with RAO may contribute to the formation of platelet aggregates in their respiratory system.
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Roscher KA, Failing K, Moritz A. Inhibition of platelet function with clopidogrel, as measured with a novel whole blood impedance aggregometer in horses. Vet J 2015; 203:332-6. [PMID: 25736876 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to validate a loading and maintenance clopidogrel dosing scheme for the inhibition of platelet function, measured by whole blood impedance aggregometry in healthy adult horses. Ten Warmblood horses received oral clopidogrel once daily. Doses were based on 50 kg weight categories and resulted in one loading dose of 6-6.5 mg/kg bodyweight and maintenance doses of 1.2-1.4 mg/kg over the next 4 days. Platelet function was measured via whole blood multiple electrode impedance aggregometry prior to (T0) and at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 144, 192 and 240 h following the loading dose. Aggregometries for collagen (COLtest), arachidonic acid (ASPItest), adenosine diphosphate (ADPtest) and ADP with prostaglandin E1 (ADPtestHS) were performed. Statistical analyses included one way repeated measures ANOVAs and subsequent Dunnett's tests. Platelet aggregation induced by collagen remained unchanged. There were significant inhibitions in the ASPItest (P <0.01 at 192 h, and P <0.05 at 240 h) and the ADPtest and ADPtestHS (P < 0.01, with the exception of 240 h). The loading dose of clopidogrel induced rapid inhibition of platelet function within hours, and the low dose was suitable for maintaining the inhibition over the 4 days of therapy. Recovery of platelet function was restored 6 days after the cessation of medication, determined with the ADPtest and ADPtestHS, but remained inhibited with the ASPItest. The prolonged effect of clopidogrel may indicate differences in the activation of platelets between horses and humans that were previously unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja A Roscher
- Equine Clinic, Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Str. 126, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Klaus Failing
- Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Str. 95, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Clinical Pathophysiology and Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Str. 126, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Garvican ER, Cree S, Bull L, Smith RKW, Dudhia J. Viability of equine mesenchymal stem cells during transport and implantation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:94. [PMID: 25107289 PMCID: PMC4247703 DOI: 10.1186/scrt483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autologous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) injection into naturally-occurring equine tendon injuries has been shown to be safe and efficacious and protocols inform translation of the technique into humans. Efficient transfer of cells from the laboratory into tissue requires well-validated transport and implantation techniques. METHODS Cell viability in a range of media was determined over 72 hours and after injection through a 19G, 21G or 23G needle. Viability, proliferation and apoptosis were analysed using TrypanBlue, alamarBlue® and AnnexinV assays. RESULTS Cell viability was similar in all re-suspension media following 24 hour storage, however cell death was most rapid in bone marrow aspirate, platelet-rich plasma and serum after longer storage. Cryogenic media exhibited greatest viability regardless of storage time. Cell proliferation after 24 and 72 hour storage was similar for all media, except after 24 hours in serum wherein proliferation was enhanced. MSC tri-lineage differentiation and viability did not significantly change when extruded through 19G, 21G or 23G needles, but 21G and 23G needles significantly increased apoptotic cells compared to 19G and non-injected controls. All gauges induced a decrease in metabolic activity immediately post-injection but cells recovered by 2 hours. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate storage and injection influence viability and subsequent cell behaviour and provide recommendations for MSC therapy that implantation of cells should occur within 24 hours of recovery from culture, using larger needle bores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine R Garvican
- The Royal Veterinary College, Clinical Sciences and Services, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA UK
| | - Sandra Cree
- The Royal Veterinary College, Clinical Sciences and Services, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA UK
| | - Lydia Bull
- The Royal Veterinary College, Clinical Sciences and Services, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA UK
| | - Roger KW Smith
- The Royal Veterinary College, Clinical Sciences and Services, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA UK
| | - Jayesh Dudhia
- The Royal Veterinary College, Clinical Sciences and Services, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA UK
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Aktan Í, Dunkel B, Cunningham F. Equine platelets inhibit E. coli growth and can be activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid although superoxide anion production does not occur and platelet activation is not associated with enhanced production by neutrophils. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 152:209-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Dunkel
- Equine Referral Hospital; Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Royal Veterinary College; North Mymms; Herts; UK
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Goggs R, Poole AW. Platelet signaling-a primer. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2012; 22:5-29. [PMID: 22316389 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2011.00704.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the receptors and signal transduction pathways involved in platelet plug formation and to highlight links between platelets, leukocytes, endothelium, and the coagulation system. DATA SOURCES Original studies, review articles, and book chapters in the human and veterinary medical fields. DATA SYNTHESIS Platelets express numerous surface receptors. Critical among these are glycoprotein VI, the glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex, integrin α(IIb) β(3) , and the G-protein-coupled receptors for thrombin, ADP, and thromboxane. Activation of these receptors leads to various important functional events, in particular activation of the principal adhesion receptor α(IIb) β(3) . Integrin activation allows binding of ligands such as fibrinogen, mediating platelet-platelet interaction in the process of aggregation. Signals activated by these receptors also couple to 3 other important functional events, secretion of granule contents, change in cell shape through cytoskeletal rearrangement, and procoagulant membrane expression. These processes generate a stable thrombus to limit blood loss and promote restoration of endothelial integrity. CONCLUSIONS Improvements in our understanding of how platelets operate through their signaling networks are critical for diagnosis of unusual primary hemostatic disorders and for rational antithrombotic drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Goggs
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, UK.
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DUNKEL B, BOLT DM, SMITH RK, CUNNINGHAM FM. Stimulus-dependent release of tissue-regenerating factors by equine platelets. Equine Vet J 2011; 44:346-54. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dunkel B, Rickards KJ, Werling D, Page CP, Cunningham FM. Evaluation of the effect of phosphodiesterase on equine platelet activation and the effect of antigen challenge on platelet phosphodiesterase activity in horses with recurrent airway obstruction. Am J Vet Res 2010; 71:534-40. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.5.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Baldissera L, Monteiro PF, de Mello GC, Morganti RP, Antunes E. Platelet adhesion and intracellular calcium levels in antigen-challenged rats. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2010; 23:327-33. [PMID: 20307679 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable evidence that platelet activation occurs in allergic airways diseases. In this study we aimed to investigate platelet adhesion to immobilized fibrinogen and intracellular calcium levels in a rat model of allergic inflammation. Male Wistar rats were challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). At 30 min to 24h after OVA-challenge, assays of platelet adhesion to immobilized fibrinogen and intracellular calcium levels using fura 2-AM loaded platelets were performed. The serum levels of IgE were approximately 5-fold greater in OVA-sensitized rats. A marked eosinophil influx in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of OVA-challenged rats at 24h after OVA-challenge was also seen. OVA-challenge resulted in a marked thrombocytopenia, as observed within 12h after OVA-challenge. The agonists ADP (0.5-50 microM) and thrombin (30-100 mU/ml) concentration-dependently increased platelet adhesion to immobilized fibrinogen. At an early time after OVA-challenge (30 min), platelets exhibited greater platelet adhesion compared with the non-sensitized group, whereas at a late time (24h) they exhibited lower platelet adhesion to both agonists. Moreover, at 30 min after OVA-challenge, intracellular calcium levels to ADP (20 microM) and thrombin (100 mU/ml)-activated platelets were greater compared with non-challenged rats. As opposed, at 24h after OVA challenge, a lower intracellular calcium level to ADP- and thrombin-activated platelets was observed. In conclusion, OVA-challenge in rats promotes a biphasic response in platelet adhesion consisting of an increased adhesion and intracellular calcium levels at an early phase (30 min), which progress to a reduction in adhesion and intracellular calcium levels at a late time (24h) after antigen challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lineu Baldissera
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, PO BOX 6111, Campinas, São Paulo 13084-971, Brazil
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Neutrophil and platelet activation in equine recurrent airway obstruction is associated with increased neutrophil CD13 expression, but not platelet CD41/61 and CD62P or neutrophil–platelet aggregate formation. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 131:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Epstein KL, Brainard BM, Lopes MA, Barton MH, Moore JN. Thrombelastography in 26 healthy horses with and without activation by recombinant human tissue factor. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2009; 19:96-101. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2008.00381.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Dallap Schaer BL, Epstein K. Coagulopathy of the critically ill equine patient. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2009; 19:53-65. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00390.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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