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McCoy AM, Smith RL, Herrera S, Kawcak CE, McIlwraith CW, Goodrich LR. Long-term outcome after stifle arthroscopy in 82 Western performance horses (2003-2010). Vet Surg 2019; 48:956-965. [PMID: 31199028 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the outcome of horses engaged in Western performance disciplines after stifle arthroscopy and identify prognostic factors for return to performance. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. SAMPLE POPULATION Eighty-two Western performance horses undergoing stifle arthroscopy. METHODS Medical records were reviewed for horses involved in athletic performance/training for various Western performance disciplines and undergoing arthroscopy for lameness localized to the stifle. Follow-up was obtained ≥2 years postoperatively by telephone interviews with the owners. Preoperative and intraoperative findings as well as postoperative treatment were analyzed for their association with return to athletic performance as the primary outcome of interest. RESULTS The most common disciplines represented were cutting (n = 38), Western pleasure (n = 13), and reining (n = 13). Approximately 40% (32/82) of horses returned to intended use after surgery. Increased age, higher degree of lameness, longer duration of lameness, and the presence of partial-thickness cartilage lesions decreased the odds of returning to athletic performance. Postoperative therapies (intra-articular: stem cells, corticosteroids, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein, hyaluronic acid/polysulfated glycosaminoglycans; systemic: nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs, hyaluronic acid/polysulfated glycosaminoglycans, oral joint supplements) did not affect the odds of returning to intended use. CONCLUSION Less than half of the Western performance horses that underwent stifle arthroscopy returned to intended use. Older age, longer duration of lameness, and presence of partial-thickness cartilage lesions affected the odds of a horse returning to intended use. Postoperative therapies did not affect the outcome in this population. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The prognosis of Western performance horses undergoing stifle arthroscopy is as guarded as that previously reported in horses of other disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette M McCoy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Rebecca L Smith
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Stephanie Herrera
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Christopher E Kawcak
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - C Wayne McIlwraith
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Laurie R Goodrich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Murray JMD, Hanna E, Hastie P. Equine dietary supplements: an insight into their use and perceptions in the Irish equine industry. Ir Vet J 2018; 71:4. [PMID: 29423172 PMCID: PMC5789549 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-018-0115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nutritional supplements are frequently used by horse owners/caregivers to supplement their horse(s) diets. Some work has been done to identify the types of supplements fed and the reasons for doing so; however, this has been predominantly disciple-specific and with little focus on participants’ perceptions of supplement testing and regulation. The aim of this study was to gain an insight into the use and perceptions of equine dietary supplements in the Irish equestrian industry. Methods An online survey was designed to ascertain the following information: demographics, types of supplements fed and reasons for use, factors that influenced respondents’ choice of supplement, where advice was sought and perceptions of testing and regulation of equine supplements Results The survey yielded 134 responses, 70% non-professionals and 30% professionals. A greater percentage of professionals included supplements in their horse(s) diets (98%) compared to non-professionals (86%). Almost 70% of professionals fed more than two supplements, whereas 80% of non-professionals reported to feed only one supplement. Joint supplements were most commonly fed by all respondents (22%) followed by calming supplements (13%). The enhancement of performance (35%) and prevention of joint disorders (34%) were the most common reasons reported by respondents for using a supplement. Over 53% of respondents sought advice on choosing a supplement from their feed merchant, followed by their veterinarian (46%). Veterinary recommendation was given as the most influential factor when choosing a supplement by 90% of respondents, followed by cost (69%). Most (93%) respondents thought that feed supplements had to meet legal standards, with each batch analysed for quality (72%) and the supplement tested on horses before being launched on to the market (92%). Conclusion This study has identified the main types of supplements used in the Irish equestrian industry along with the reasons for their use. However, it has also highlighted major misperceptions in how supplements are tested before being launched for sale and further work on this aspect of the findings would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M D Murray
- 1School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK
| | - E Hanna
- 2Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - P Hastie
- 1School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH UK
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Jarvis
- Redwings Horse Sanctuary; Hapton; Norwich Norfolk UK
| | - M. R. Paradis
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine; Tufts University; North Grafton Massachusetts USA
| | - P. Harris
- Equine Studies Group; WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition; Waltham on the Wolds Leicestershire UK
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Murray RC, Walker VA, Tranquille CA, Spear J, Adams V. A Randomized Blinded Crossover Clinical Trial to Determine the Effect of an Oral Joint Supplement on Equine Limb Kinematics, Orthopedic, Physiotherapy, and Handler Evaluation Scores. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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van de Water E, Oosterlinck M, Dumoulin M, Korthagen NM, van Weeren PR, van den Broek J, Everts H, Pille F, van Doorn DA. The preventive effects of two nutraceuticals on experimentally induced acute synovitis. Equine Vet J 2016; 49:532-538. [PMID: 27554764 PMCID: PMC5484312 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutraceuticals are often used in the management of equine osteoarthritis, but scientific evidence of their efficacy is lacking. OBJECTIVES To study the preventive effects of two new nutraceuticals after the experimental induction of synovitis in comparison with positive and negative control treatments. STUDY DESIGN Blinded, controlled, randomised experiment. METHODS Twenty-four healthy Standardbred horses were randomly allocated to supplement AT (multi-ingredient, 28 days), supplement HP (collagen hydrolysate, 60 days), meloxicam (4 days) or placebo (60 days). Synovitis was induced in the right intercarpal joint by intra-articular injection of 0.5 ng lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli while treatments were continued. Blood and synovial fluid were sampled before treatment, immediately prior to LPS injection, and at 8, 24 and 48 h post-injection. Synovial fluid samples were analysed for total nucleated cell count (TNCC), total protein (TP) and selected biomarkers (prostaglandin E2 [PGE2 ], interleukin-6 [IL-6], glycosaminoglycans [GAGs], type II collagen synthesis [CPII], matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]). Lameness was scored by visual examination and pressure plate analysis immediately prior to LPS injection, and at 8, 24 and 48 h post-injection. Clinical examinations were performed before treatment, immediately prior to LPS injection, at 2, 4 and 6 h post-injection, and then twice per day during the test period. RESULTS Before treatment and intra-articular challenge, there were no statistically significant differences among the treatment groups for any of the parameters. After intra-articular challenge, the placebo group showed significantly higher synovial fluid TP, TNCC and PGE2 compared with the meloxicam group, although the model did not induce a relevant amount of lameness. Both nutraceuticals resulted in significantly lower synovial fluid TP, TNCC and PGE2 compared with placebo. No statistical differences in IL-6, GAGs, CPII or MMPs were observed among treatment groups. No adverse effects were observed. MAIN LIMITATIONS Despite evidence of synovitis, lameness was too mild to detect. CONCLUSIONS The preventive administration of these nutraceuticals showed anti-inflammatory effects in this validated synovitis model. Therefore, further studies of their clinical applicability are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- E van de Water
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - M Oosterlinck
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - M Dumoulin
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - N M Korthagen
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - P R van Weeren
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - J van den Broek
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - H Everts
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - F Pille
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - D A van Doorn
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.,Equivado, Equine Nutrition Consultancy, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Agar C, Gemmill R, Hollands T, Freeman SL. The use of nutritional supplements in dressage and eventing horses. Vet Rec Open 2016; 3:e000154. [PMID: 26925239 PMCID: PMC4762206 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2015-000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine which types of nutritional supplements were used in dressage and eventing horses, and the reasons that owners used supplements. An online questionnaire was distributed through British Eventing and Dressage websites, to collect data on demographics of owners and their horses, supplements used and their opinion on health and performance problems. Data were evaluated using descriptive analysis, Sign and Fisher's exact tests for quantitative data, and categorisation of qualitative data. In total, 599 responses met the inclusion criteria (441 dressage and 158 eventing horse owners). Participants had 26.4 (3-60) (mean (range)) years of riding experience, owned 1.2 (0-10) horses and used 2 (0-12) supplements in their highest performing horse. The main health and performance issues identified for dressage were 'energy/behaviour', 'lameness' and 'back and muscle problems'. The main issues for eventing were 'stamina and fitness levels',' lameness' and 'energy/behaviour'. The main reasons for using supplements in their highest performing horse were 'joints and mobility', and 'behaviour' for dressage, and 'electrolytes', and 'joints and mobility' for eventing. Lameness and behavioural problems were significant concerns within both disciplines. There was incongruence between owners' opinions of problems within their discipline and their reasons for using supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Agar
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, College Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
- Cockburn Veterinary Group, Coalville, Leicestershire, UK
| | - R. Gemmill
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, College Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
- Elizabeth Smith Veterinary Practice, Biggleswade, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - T. Hollands
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - S. L. Freeman
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, College Road, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
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Koenig TJ, Dart AJ, McIlwraith CW, Horadagoda N, Bell RJ, Perkins N, Dart C, Krockenberger M, Jeffcott LB, Little CB. Treatment of experimentally induced osteoarthritis in horses using an intravenous combination of sodium pentosan polysulfate, N-acetyl glucosamine, and sodium hyaluronan. Vet Surg 2014; 43:612-22. [PMID: 24819506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of sodium pentosan polysulfate (PPS), N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG), and sodium hyaluronan (HA) in horses with induced osteoarthritis (OA). STUDY DESIGN Experimental. ANIMALS Adult Standard bred horses (n = 16). METHODS OA was induced arthroscopically in 1 intercarpal joint; 8 horses were administered 3 mg/kg PPS, 4.8 mg/kg NAG, and 0.12 mg/kg HA (PGH), intravenously (IV), weekly and 8 horses were administered an equivalent volume of saline IV until study completion (day 70). Horses underwent a standardized treadmill exercise program. Clinical and radiographic findings and synovial fluid analysis were evaluated throughout the study. Macroscopic, histologic, histochemical, and biochemical findings were evaluated after necropsy. Comparisons of interest included OA and non-OA joints of saline treated horses and OA joints of PGH treated horses and OA joints of saline treated horses. Results were statistically analyzed with significance set at P < .05. RESULTS OA caused increases in clinical assessment scores, synovial fluid variables, radiographic, macroscopic, and histologic cartilage scores, synovial fluid and cartilage chondroitin sulfate 846-epitope and glycosaminoglycan concentration. Total radiographic scores, total macroscopic joint pathology and macroscopic cartilage pathology scores were significantly reduced in horses treated with PGH compared with saline treated horses. Synovial fluid total protein concentration and white blood cell count were higher in OA joints of PGH treated horses compared with saline treated horses. There were no other significant differences between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Improvements in macroscopic variables were not supported by other outcomes. Further evidence is needed before PGH can be recommended as a therapeutic option for osteoarthritis in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby J Koenig
- Research and Clinical Training Unit, University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Camden, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, Australia
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Higler MH, Brommer H, L'Ami JJ, de Grauw JC, Nielen M, van Weeren PR, Laverty S, Barneveld A, Back W. The effects of three-month oral supplementation with a nutraceutical and exercise on the locomotor pattern of aged horses. Equine Vet J 2013; 46:611-7. [PMID: 24011144 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Multiple in vitro studies assessing articular tissues have indicated that glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate may possess anti-inflammatory effects, but little is known of their clinical effects in vivo. Many old horses have stiff joints, which is likely to be attributable to inflammation and therapy with these nutraceutical compounds could improve joint function. OBJECTIVES To assess the clinical effects of a mixed supplement on the improvement of stiff gait in aged horses. STUDY DESIGN Randomised, blinded, placebo-controlled study. METHODS A group of 24 geriatric equids (age 29 ± 4 years; mean ± s.d.) received either 3 months oral supplementation with a test compound (containing glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate and methyl sulfonyl methane), or a placebo. Kinematic outcome criteria (primary: stride length; secondary: carpal flexion, fore fetlock extension and tarsal range of motion) were objectively quantified on a treadmill at a walk and trot before and after treatment. RESULTS Stride length did not change significantly in the treated horses at the end of the trial. In the control group, carpal flexion and fore fetlock extension were significantly increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There were no indications of effect of the supplement on gait characteristics. The observations in the control group may have been due to a habituation or exercise effect. This study does not support the use of a glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate/methyl sulfonyl methane supplement to improve stiff gait in geriatric horses because of the lack of a sizeable effect. The significant changes in gait parameters in the control group may indicate the usefulness of exercise regimens in older horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Higler
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Kwan C, Bell R, Koenig T, Bischofberger A, Horadagoda N, Perkins NR, Jeffcott LB, Dart AJ. Effects of intra-articular sodium pentosan polysulfate and glucosamine on the cytology, total protein concentration and viscosity of synovial fluid in horses. Aust Vet J 2012; 90:315-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2012.00959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Kwan
- Research and Clinical Training Unit; University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sydney; Camden; NSW; Australia
| | - R Bell
- Research and Clinical Training Unit; University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sydney; Camden; NSW; Australia
| | - T Koenig
- Research and Clinical Training Unit; University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sydney; Camden; NSW; Australia
| | - A Bischofberger
- Research and Clinical Training Unit; University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sydney; Camden; NSW; Australia
| | - N Horadagoda
- Research and Clinical Training Unit; University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sydney; Camden; NSW; Australia
| | - NR Perkins
- Ausvet Animal Health Services; Toowoomba; Queensland; Australia
| | - LB Jeffcott
- Research and Clinical Training Unit; University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sydney; Camden; NSW; Australia
| | - AJ Dart
- Research and Clinical Training Unit; University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sydney; Camden; NSW; Australia
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Vandeweerd JM, Coisnon C, Clegg P, Cambier C, Pierson A, Hontoir F, Saegerman C, Gustin P, Buczinski S. Systematic Review of Efficacy of Nutraceuticals to Alleviate Clinical Signs of Osteoarthritis. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:448-56. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00901.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J.-M. Vandeweerd
- Facultés universitaires Notre-Dame-de-la-Paix; URVI (Unité de Recherche Vétérinaire Intégrée); Namur; Belgique
| | - C. Coisnon
- Facultés universitaires Notre-Dame-de-la-Paix; URVI (Unité de Recherche Vétérinaire Intégrée); Namur; Belgique
| | - P. Clegg
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences; Leahurst Campus; University of Liverpool; Neston; UK
| | - C. Cambier
- Faculté de Médecine vétérinaire; Université de Liège, Belgique (Secteur de Pharmacologie, Pharmacothérapie et Toxicologie; Département des Sciences Fonctionnelles)
| | - A. Pierson
- Faculté de Médecine vétérinaire; Université de Liège, Belgique (Secteur de Pharmacologie, Pharmacothérapie et Toxicologie; Département des Sciences Fonctionnelles)
| | - F. Hontoir
- Facultés universitaires Notre-Dame-de-la-Paix; URVI (Unité de Recherche Vétérinaire Intégrée); Namur; Belgique
| | - C. Saegerman
- Faculté de Médecine vétérinaire, Université de Liège, Belgique (Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases)
| | - P. Gustin
- Faculté de Médecine vétérinaire; Université de Liège, Belgique (Secteur de Pharmacologie, Pharmacothérapie et Toxicologie; Département des Sciences Fonctionnelles)
| | - S. Buczinski
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire; Université de Montréal; Canada
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Cayzer J, Hedderley D, Gray S. A randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study on the efficacy of a unique extract of green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) in horses with chronic fetlock lameness attributed to osteoarthritis. Equine Vet J 2011; 44:393-8. [PMID: 21883418 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Lyophilised products from green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus[LPPC]) are used to orally treat horses with osteoarthritis (OA). However, no randomised, controlled or double-blinded studies on the efficacy of this treatment in horses have been reported to date. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a unique LPPC (Biolane)(1) in improving clinical signs of OA in the fetlock. METHODS Data were analysed from 26 horses with primary fetlock lameness in a controlled, randomised and double-blinded, multi-centre clinical trial. The study design was a partial crossover with a washout period and consisted of 19 horses treated with LPPC and 20 with a placebo. Horses were dosed orally with 25 mg/kg bwt/day LPPC or placebo for 56 days. Efficacy was evaluated by clinical assessment of lameness, passive flexion, pain, swelling and heat in the affected joint. Relationships between variables were analysed using an ordinal logistic model with random effects for horse and horse x treatment according to a modified intention-to-treat analysis. RESULTS Clinical evaluation of horses with a fetlock lameness treated with LPPC showed a significant reduction in severity of lameness (P<0.001), improved response to the joint flexion test (P<0.001) and reduced joint pain (P = 0.014) when compared with horses treated with placebo. CONCLUSIONS The LPPC significantly alleviated the severity of lameness and joint pain and improved response to joint flexion in horses with lameness attributable to OA in the fetlock.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cayzer
- Estendart Ltd, Massey University, Private Bag, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Clegg PD. Investigating the efficacy of articular medications in the horse: the science behind clinical practices. Equine Vet J 2010; 42:484-6. [PMID: 20716186 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P D Clegg
- Musculoskeletal and Locomotion Research Group, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
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