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Madueme PGU, Chirove F. A systematic review of mathematical models of Lassa fever. Math Biosci 2024; 374:109227. [PMID: 38844262 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2024.109227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review, conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, scrutinizes mathematical models employed in the study of Lassa fever. The analysis revealed the inherent heterogeneity in both models and data, posing significant challenges to parameter estimation. While health and behavioral interventions exhibit promise in mitigating the disease's spread, their efficacy is contingent upon contextual factors. Identified through this review are critical gaps, limitations, and avenues for future research, necessitating increased harmonization and standardization in modeling approaches. The considerations of seasonal and spatial variations emerge as crucial elements demanding targeted investigation. The perpetual threat of emerging diseases, coupled with the enduring public health impact of Lassa fever, underscores the imperative for sustained research endeavors and investments in mathematical modeling. The conclusion underscored that while mathematical modeling remains an invaluable tool in the combat against Lassa fever, its optimal utilization mandates multidisciplinary collaboration, refined data collection methodologies, and an enriched understanding of the intricate disease dynamics. This comprehensive approach is essential for effectively reducing the burden of Lassa fever and safeguarding the health of vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praise-God Uchechukwu Madueme
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Faraimunashe Chirove
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Yoshikawa T. Third-generation smallpox vaccine strain-based recombinant vaccines for viral hemorrhagic fevers. Vaccine 2021; 39:6174-6181. [PMID: 34521550 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vaccinia virus has been used as a smallpox vaccine. Now that smallpox has been eradicated, the vaccinia virus is expected to be used as a bioterrorism countermeasure and a recombinant vaccine vector for other infectious diseases, such as viral hemorrhagic fevers. Many vaccinia virus strains were used as smallpox vaccines in the smallpox eradication campaign coordinated by the World Health Organization. These strains can be classified into generations, according to the history of improving production methods and efforts to reduce the adverse reactions. Significantly, the third-generation of smallpox vaccine strains, which include modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) and LC16m8, are currently popular as recombinant vaccine vectors due to their well-balanced safety and immunogenicity profiles. The present review firstly focuses on the characteristics of the smallpox vaccine generations. The historical background of the development of the third-generation smallpox vaccine strains is detailed, along with the history of the transition of the vaccinia virus generation used as vectors for hemorrhagic fever vaccines to the third generation. Among the vaccinia viruses, MVA is currently the most commonly used vector for developing hemorrhagic fever vaccines, including dengue fever, yellow fever, Ebola viral disease, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. LC16m8 is a vaccine candidate for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. The current status and recent advances in the development of these hemorrhagic fever vaccines using third-generation vaccinia strains are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Yoshikawa
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan.
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Keïta M, Kizerbo GA, Subissi L, Traoré FA, Doré A, Camara MF, Barry A, Pallawo R, Baldé MO, Magassouba N, Djingarey MH, Fall IS. Investigation of a cross-border case of Lassa fever in West Africa. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:606. [PMID: 31291900 PMCID: PMC6621975 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infectious disease prevention and control strategies require a coordinated, transnational approach. To establish core capacities of the International Health Regulations (IHR), the World Health Organization (WHO) developed the Integrated Diseases Surveillance and Response (IDSR) strategy. Epidemic-prone Lassa fever, caused by Lassa virus, is an endemic disease in the West African countries of Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Benin, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Togo and Nigeria. It’s one of the major public health threats in these countries. Here it is reported an epidemiological investigation of a cross-border case of Lassa fever, which demonstrated the importance of strengthened capacities of IHR and IDSR. Case presentation On January 9th, 2018 a 35-year-old Guinean woman with fever, neck pain, body pain, and vomiting went to a hospital in Ganta, Liberia. Over the course of her illness, the case visited various health care facilities in both Liberia and Guinea. A sample collected on January 10th was tested positive for Lassa virus by RT-PCR in a Liberian laboratory. The Guinean Ministry of Health (MoH) was officially informed by WHO Country Office for Guinea and for Liberia. Conclusion This case report revealed how an epidemic-prone disease such as Lassa fever can rapidly spread across land borders and how such threat can be quickly controlled with communication and collaboration within the IHR framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mory Keïta
- Organisation Mondiale de la Santé - Bureau Régional de l'Afrique, BP: 06, Cité du Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo.
| | - Georges Alfred Kizerbo
- Organisation Mondiale de la Santé - Bureau de Pays de la Guinée, BP: 817, Immeuble BAH, Quartier Cameroun, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Lorenzo Subissi
- Sciensano, 1050 Ixelles, Rue Juliette Wytsman 14, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fodé Amara Traoré
- Université Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de la Santé, BP: 1147, Commune de Dixinn, Route de Donka, Quartier Landréah, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Ahmadou Doré
- Université Gamal Abdel Nasser, Laboratoire National des Fièvres Hémorragiques de Guinée, Carrefour Nongo-Conteyah, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Mohamed Fode Camara
- Ministère de la Santé, BP: 585, Boulevard du commerce - Almamya Kaloum, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Ahmadou Barry
- Organisation Mondiale de la Santé - Bureau de Pays de la Guinée, BP: 817, Immeuble BAH, Quartier Cameroun, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Raymond Pallawo
- Organisation Mondiale de la Santé - Bureau de Pays de la Guinée, BP: 817, Immeuble BAH, Quartier Cameroun, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Mamadou Oury Baldé
- Organisation Mondiale de la Santé - Bureau de Pays de la Guinée, BP: 817, Immeuble BAH, Quartier Cameroun, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Nfaly Magassouba
- Université Gamal Abdel Nasser, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de la Santé, BP: 1147, Commune de Dixinn, Route de Donka, Quartier Landréah, Conakry, Guinea.,Université Gamal Abdel Nasser, Laboratoire National des Fièvres Hémorragiques de Guinée, Carrefour Nongo-Conteyah, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Mamoudou Harouna Djingarey
- Organisation Mondiale de la Santé - Bureau Régional de l'Afrique, BP: 06, Cité du Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Ibrahima Socé Fall
- Organisation Mondiale de la Santé - Bureau Régional de l'Afrique, BP: 06, Cité du Djoué, Brazzaville, Congo
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Mazzola LT, Kelly-Cirino C. Diagnostics for Lassa fever virus: a genetically diverse pathogen found in low-resource settings. BMJ Glob Health 2019; 4:e001116. [PMID: 30899575 PMCID: PMC6407561 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa fever virus (LASV) causes acute viral haemorrhagic fever with symptoms similar to those seen with Ebola virus infections. LASV is endemic to West Africa and is transmitted through contact with excretions of infected Mastomys natalensis rodents and other rodent species. Due to a high fatality rate, lack of treatment options and difficulties with prevention and control, LASV is one of the high-priority pathogens included in the WHO R&D Blueprint. The WHO LASV vaccine strategy relies on availability of effective diagnostic tests. Current diagnostics for LASV include in-house and commercial (primarily research-only) laboratory-based serological and nucleic acid amplification tests. There are two commercially available (for research use only) rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), and a number of multiplex panels for differential detection of LASV infection from other endemic diseases with similar symptoms have been evaluated. However, a number of diagnostic gaps remain. Lineage detection is a challenge due to the genomic diversity of LASV, as pan-lineage sensitivity for both molecular and immunological detection is necessary for surveillance and outbreak response. While pan-lineage ELISA and RDTs are commercially available (for research use only), validation and external quality assessment (EQA) is needed to confirm detection sensitivity for all known or relevant strains. Variable sensitivity of LASV PCR tests also highlights the need for improved validation and EQA. Given that LASV outbreaks typically occur in low-resource settings, more options for point-of-care testing would be valuable. These requirements should be taken into account in target product profiles for improved LASV diagnostics.
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Gautret P, Okolo S, Elachola H, Zumla A, Memish ZA. Mitigating the risks of global spread of Lassa fever at the 2018 Hajj pilgrimage. Travel Med Infect Dis 2018; 23:99-100. [PMID: 29709659 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Gautret
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
| | - Stanley Okolo
- West Africa Health Organization (WAHO-OOAS), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Science, Medicine and Society Network, University College London, UK
| | | | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals, UK; NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health and College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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