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Domínguez A, Soldevila N, Toledo D, Godoy P, Espejo E, Fernandez MA, Mayoral JM, Castilla J, Egurrola M, Tamames S, Astray J, Morales-Suárez-Varela M. The effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing hospitalisations of elderly individuals in two influenza seasons: a multicentre case-control study, Spain, 2013/14 and 2014/15. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 22. [PMID: 28857047 PMCID: PMC5753443 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.34.30602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Influenza vaccination may limit the impact of influenza in the community. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing hospitalisation in individuals aged ≥ 65 years in Spain. A multicentre case–control study was conducted in 20 Spanish hospitals during 2013/14 and 2014/15. Patients aged ≥ 65 years who were hospitalised with laboratory-confirmed influenza were matched with controls according to sex, age and date of hospitalisation. Adjusted vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated by multivariate conditional logistic regression. A total of 728 cases and 1,826 matched controls were included in the study. Overall VE was 36% (95% confidence interval (CI): 22–47). VE was 51% (95% CI: 15–71) in patients without high-risk medical conditions and 30% (95% CI: 14–44) in patients with them. VE was 39% (95% CI: 20–53) in patients aged 65–79 years and 34% (95% CI: 11–51) in patients aged ≥ 80 years, and was greater against the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 subtype than the A(H3N2) subtype. Influenza vaccination was effective in preventing hospitalisations of elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Domínguez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Soldevila
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Toledo
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pere Godoy
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Jesús Castilla
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Tamames
- Dirección General de Salud Pública, Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Junta de Castilla y León, León, Spain
| | | | - María Morales-Suárez-Varela
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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- The members of the Working Group are listed at the end of the article
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2
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Ainslie KEC, Shi M, Haber M, Orenstein WA. On the bias of estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness from test-negative studies. Vaccine 2017; 35:7297-7301. [PMID: 29146382 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Estimates of the effectiveness of influenza vaccines are commonly obtained from a test-negative design (TND) study, where cases and controls are patients seeking care for an acute respiratory illness who test positive and negative, respectively, for influenza infection. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates from TND studies are usually interpreted as vaccine effectiveness against medically-attended influenza (MAI). However, it is also important to estimate VE against any influenza illness (symptomatic influenza (SI)) as individuals with SI are still a public health burden even if they do not seek medical care. We present a numerical method to evaluate the bias of TND-based estimates of influenza VE with respect to MAI and SI. We consider two sources of bias: (a) confounding bias due to a (possibly unobserved) covariate that is associated with both vaccination and the probability of the outcome of interest and (b) bias resulting from the effect of vaccination on the probability of seeking care. Our results indicate that (a) VE estimates may suffer from substantial confounding bias when a confounder has a different effect on the probabilities of influenza and non-influenza ARI, and (b) when vaccination reduces the probability of seeking care against influenza ARI, then estimates of VE against MAI may be unbiased while estimates of VE against SI may be have a substantial positive bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie E C Ainslie
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Meng Shi
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael Haber
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Walter A Orenstein
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, 1462 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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3
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Restivo V, Costantino C, Bono S, Maniglia M, Marchese V, Ventura G, Casuccio A, Tramuto F, Vitale F. Influenza vaccine effectiveness among high-risk groups: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 14:724-735. [PMID: 28481673 PMCID: PMC5890832 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1321722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination represents the most effective intervention to prevent infection, hospitalization and mortality due to influenza. This meta-analysis quantifies data reporting influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) on influenza visits and hospitalizations of case-control and cohort studies among high-risk groups. A systematic literature review including original articles published between 2007 and 2016, using a protocol registered on Prospero with No. 42017054854, and a meta-analysis were conducted. For 3 high-risk groups (subjects with underlying health conditions, pregnant women and health care workers) only a qualitative evaluation was performed. The VE quantitative analysis demonstrated a clear significant overall effect of 39% (95%CI: 32–46%) for visits and 57% (95%CI: 30–74%) for hospitalization among children. Considering the elderly influenza VE had a clear effect of 25% (95%CI: 6–40%) for visits and 14% (95%CI: 7–21%; p<0.001) for hospitalization. This study showed the high VE of influenza vaccination among high-risk groups, representing a tool for public health decision-makers to develop evidence-based preventive interventions to avoid influenza outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Restivo
- a Department of Science for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro" , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Claudio Costantino
- a Department of Science for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro" , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Stefania Bono
- a Department of Science for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro" , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Marialuisa Maniglia
- a Department of Science for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro" , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Valentina Marchese
- a Department of Science for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro" , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Gianmarco Ventura
- a Department of Science for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro" , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Alessandra Casuccio
- a Department of Science for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro" , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Fabio Tramuto
- a Department of Science for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro" , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Francesco Vitale
- a Department of Science for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro" , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
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Castilla J, Navascués A, Fernández-Alonso M, Reina G, Albéniz E, Pozo F, Álvarez N, Martínez-Baz I, Guevara M, García-Cenoz M, Irisarri F, Casado I, Ezpeleta C. Effects of previous episodes of influenza and vaccination in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in Navarre, Spain, 2013/14 season. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 20:30243. [PMID: 27277013 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.22.30243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We estimated whether previous episodes of influenza and trivalent influenza vaccination prevented laboratory-confirmed influenza in Navarre, Spain, in season 2013/14. Patients with medically-attended influenza-like illness (MA-ILI) in hospitals (n = 645) and primary healthcare (n = 525) were included. We compared 589 influenza cases and 581 negative controls. MA-ILI related to a specific virus subtype in the previous five seasons was defined as a laboratory-confirmed influenza infection with the same virus subtype or MA-ILI during weeks when more than 25% of swabs were positive for this subtype. Persons with previous MA-ILI had 30% (95% confidence interval (CI): -7 to 54) lower risk of MA-ILI, and those with previous MA-ILI related to A(H1N1)pdm09 or A(H3N2) virus, had a, respectively, 63% (95% CI: 16-84) and 65% (95% CI: 13-86) lower risk of new laboratory-confirmed influenza by the same subtype. Overall adjusted vaccine effectiveness in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza was 31% (95% CI: 5-50): 45% (95% CI: 12-65) for A(H1N1)pdm09 and 20% (95% CI: -16 to 44) for A(H3N2). While a previous influenza episode induced high protection only against the same virus subtype, influenza vaccination provided low to moderate protection against all circulating subtypes. Influenza vaccine remains the main preventive option for high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Castilla
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA - Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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5
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Li X, Deem MW. Influenza evolution and H3N2 vaccine effectiveness, with application to the 2014/2015 season. Protein Eng Des Sel 2016; 29:309-15. [PMID: 27313229 PMCID: PMC4955871 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzw017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A is a serious disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality, and vaccines against the seasonal influenza disease are of variable effectiveness. In this article, we discuss the use of the pepitope method to predict the dominant influenza strain and the expected vaccine effectiveness in the coming flu season. We illustrate how the effectiveness of the 2014/2015 A/Texas/50/2012 [clade 3C.1] vaccine against the A/California/02/2014 [clade 3C.3a] strain that emerged in the population can be estimated via pepitope In addition, we show by a multidimensional scaling analysis of data collected through 2014, the emergence of a new A/New Mexico/11/2014-like cluster [clade 3C.2a] that is immunologically distinct from the A/California/02/2014-like strains.
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MESH Headings
- Evolution, Molecular
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/metabolism
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/metabolism
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Models, Molecular
- Models, Statistical
- Phylogeny
- Protein Conformation
- Seasons
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Michael W Deem
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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6
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Variable influenza vaccine effectiveness by subtype: a systematic review and meta-analysis of test-negative design studies. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016; 16:942-51. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(16)00129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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7
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Rondy M, Castilla J, Launay O, Costanzo S, Ezpeleta C, Galtier F, de Gaetano Donati K, Moren A. Moderate influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation with A(H3N2) and A(H1N1) influenza in 2013-14: Results from the InNHOVE network. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:1217-24. [PMID: 27065000 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1126013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a multicentre test negative case control study to estimate the 2013-14 influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against hospitalised laboratory confirmed influenza in 12 hospitals in France, Italy and Spain. We included all ≥18 years hospitalised patients targeted by local influenza vaccination campaign reporting an influenza-like illness within 7 days before admission. We defined as cases patients RT-PCR positive for influenza and as controls those negative for all influenza virus. We used a logistic regression to calculate IVE adjusted for country, month of onset, chronic diseases and age. We included 104 A(H1N1)pdm09, 157 A(H3N2) cases and 585 controls. The adjusted IVE was 42.8% (95%CI: 6.3;65;0) against A(H1N1)pdm09. It was respectively 61.4% (95%CI: -1.9;85.4), 39.4% (95%CI: -32.2;72.2) and 19.7% (95%CI:-148.1;74.0) among patients aged 18-64, 65-79 and ≥80 years. The adjusted IVE against A(H3N2) was 38.1% (95%CI: 8.3;58.2) overall. It was respectively 7.8% (95%CI: -145.3;65.4), 25.6% (95%CI: -36.0;59.2) and 55.2% (95%CI: 15.4;76.3) among patients aged 18-64, 65-79 and ≥80 years. These results suggest a moderate and age varying effectiveness of the 2013-14 influenza vaccine to prevent hospitalised laboratory-confirmed influenza. While vaccination remains the most effective prevention measure, developing more immunogenic influenza vaccines is needed to prevent severe outcomes among target groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rondy
- a Epicon0063ept , Paris , France
| | - J Castilla
- b Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública , Spain
| | - O Launay
- c Inserm, CIC 1417 and F-CRIN, Innovative clinical research network in vaccinologie (I-REIVAC), Université Paris Descartes; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris , France
| | - S Costanzo
- d Department of Epidemiology and Prevention , IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Pozzilli (Isernia) , Italy
| | - C Ezpeleta
- e Service of Clinical Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdiSNA , Pamplona , Spain
| | - F Galtier
- f CHRU de Montpellier, Inserm, CIC 1411 and REIVAC , Montpellier , France
| | | | - A Moren
- a Epicon0063ept , Paris , France
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8
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McAnerney JM, Treurnicht F, Walaza S, Cohen AL, Tempia S, Mtshali S, Buys A, Blumberg L, Cohen C. Evaluation of influenza vaccine effectiveness and description of circulating strains in outpatient settings in South Africa, 2014. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2015; 9:209-15. [PMID: 25865249 PMCID: PMC4474497 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of the trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine during the 2014 season in South Africa was assessed using a test-negative case-control study design including 472 cases and 362 controls. Influenza A(H3N2) was the dominant strain circulating. The overall vaccine effectiveness estimate, adjusted for age and underlying conditions, was 43·1% (95% CI: -26·8-74·5). 2014 H3N2 viruses from South Africa were mainly in sublineage 3C.3 with accumulation of amino acid changes that differentiate them from the vaccine strain in 3C.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M McAnerney
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), National Health laboratory services (NHLS)Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Florette Treurnicht
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), National Health laboratory services (NHLS)Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sibongile Walaza
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), National Health laboratory services (NHLS)Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburg, South Africa
| | - Adam L Cohen
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlanta, GA, USA
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – South AfricaPretoria, South Africa
| | - Stefano Tempia
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), National Health laboratory services (NHLS)Johannesburg, South Africa
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlanta, GA, USA
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – South AfricaPretoria, South Africa
| | - Senzo Mtshali
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), National Health laboratory services (NHLS)Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amelia Buys
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), National Health laboratory services (NHLS)Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lucille Blumberg
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), National Health laboratory services (NHLS)Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cheryl Cohen
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), National Health laboratory services (NHLS)Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburg, South Africa
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9
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The European I-MOVE Multicentre 2013-2014 Case-Control Study. Homogeneous moderate influenza vaccine effectiveness against A(H1N1)pdm09 and heterogenous results by country against A(H3N2). Vaccine 2015; 33:2813-22. [PMID: 25936723 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the first five I-MOVE (Influenza Monitoring Vaccine Effectiveness in Europe) influenza seasons vaccine effectiveness (VE) results were relatively homogenous among participating study sites. In 2013-2014, we undertook a multicentre case-control study based on sentinel practitioner surveillance networks in six European Union (EU) countries to measure 2013-2014 influenza VE against medically-attended influenza-like illness (ILI) laboratory-confirmed as influenza. Influenza A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses co-circulated during the season. METHODS Practitioners systematically selected ILI patients to swab within eight days of symptom onset. We compared cases (ILI positive to influenza A(H3N2) or A(H1N1)pdm09) to influenza negative patients. We calculated VE for the two influenza A subtypes and adjusted for potential confounders. We calculated heterogeneity between sites using the I(2) index and Cochrane's Q test. If the I(2) was <50%, we estimated pooled VE as (1 minus the OR)×100 using a one-stage model with study site as a fixed effect. If the I(2) was >49% we used a two-stage random effects model. RESULTS We included in the A(H1N1)pdm09 analysis 531 cases and 1712 controls and in the A(H3N2) analysis 623 cases and 1920 controls. For A(H1N1)pdm09, the Q test (p=0.695) and the I(2) index (0%) suggested no heterogeneity of adjusted VE between study sites. Using a one-stage model, the overall pooled adjusted VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm2009 was 47.5% (95% CI: 16.4-67.0). For A(H3N2), the I(2) was 51.5% (p=0.067). Using a two-stage model for the pooled analysis, the adjusted VE against A(H3N2) was 29.7 (95% CI: -34.4-63.2). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a moderate 2013-2014 influenza VE against A(H1N1)pdm09 and a low VE against A(H3N2). The A(H3N2) estimates were heterogeneous among study sites. Larger sample sizes by study site are needed to prevent statistical heterogeneity, decrease variability and allow for two-stage pooled VE for all subgroup analyses.
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10
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Skowronski DM, Chambers C, Sabaiduc S, De Serres G, Winter AL, Dickinson JA, Gubbay J, Fonseca K, Charest H, Krajden M, Petric M, Mahmud SM, Van Caeseele P, Bastien N, Eshaghi A, Li Y. Integrated Sentinel Surveillance Linking Genetic, Antigenic, and Epidemiologic Monitoring of Influenza Vaccine-Virus Relatedness and Effectiveness During the 2013-2014 Influenza Season. J Infect Dis 2015; 212:726-39. [PMID: 25784728 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canada's Sentinel Physician Surveillance Network links genetic, antigenic, and vaccine effectiveness (VE) measures in an integrated platform of influenza monitoring, described here for the 2013-2014 influenza season of resurgent A(H1N1)pdm09 and late-season type B activity. METHODS VE was estimated as [1 - odds ratio] × 100% and compared vaccination status between individuals who tested positive (cases) and those who tested negative (controls) for influenza virus. Vaccine-virus relatedness was assessed by genomic sequence analysis and hemagglutination inhibition assays. RESULTS Analyses included 1037 controls (of whom 33% were vaccinated) and 663 cases (of whom 14% were vaccinated). A total of 415 cases tested positive for A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, 15 tested positive for A(H3N2) virus, 191 tested positive for B/Yamagata-lineage virus, 6 tested positive for B/Victoria-lineage virus, and 36 tested positive for viruses of unknown subtype or lineage. A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses belonged to clade 6B, distinguished by a K163Q substitution, but remained antigenically similar to the A/California/07/2009-like vaccine strain, with an adjusted VE of 71% (95% confidence interval [CI], 58%-80%). Most B/Yamagata-lineage viruses (83%) clustered phylogenetically with the prior (ie, 2012-2013) season's B/Wisconsin/01/2010-like clade 3 vaccine strain, while only 17% clustered with the current (ie, 2013-2014) season's B/Massachusetts/02/2012-like clade 2 vaccine strain. The adjusted VE for B/Yamagata-lineage virus was 73% (95% CI, 57%-84%), with a lower VE obtained after partial calendar-time adjustment for clade-mismatched B/Wisconsin/01/2010-like virus (VE, 63%; 95% CI, 41%-77%), compared with that for clade-matched B/Massachusetts/02/2012-like virus (VE, 88%; 95% CI, 48%-97%). No A(H3N2) viruses clustered with the A/Texas/50/2012-like clade 3C.1 vaccine strain, and more than half were antigenically mismatched, but sparse data did not support VE estimation. CONCLUSIONS VE corresponded with antigenically conserved A(H1N1)pdm09 and lineage-matched B/Yamagata viruses with clade-level variation. Surveillance linking genotypic, phenotypic, and epidemiologic measures of vaccine-virus relatedness and effectiveness could better inform predictions of vaccine performance and reformulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta M Skowronski
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | | | | | - Gaston De Serres
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec Laval University, Québec
| | | | | | | | - Kevin Fonseca
- University of Calgary Provincial Laboratory of Public Health, Calgary, Alberta
| | - Hugues Charest
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec Universite de Montréal, Québec
| | - Mel Krajden
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control University of British Columbia, Vancouver
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Li
- University of Manitoba National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Canada
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11
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Kelly HA. Safety and effectiveness of influenza vaccines. Med J Aust 2015; 201:560-1. [PMID: 25390245 DOI: 10.5694/mja14.01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heath A Kelly
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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12
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Broberg E, Snacken R, Adlhoch C, Beauté J, Galinska M, Pereyaslov D, Brown C, Penttinen P. Start of the 2014/15 influenza season in Europe: drifted influenza A(H3N2) viruses circulate as dominant subtype. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20. [PMID: 25655052 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.4.21023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The influenza season 2014/15 started in Europe in week 50 2014 with influenza A(H3N2) viruses predominating. The majority of the A(H3N2) viruses characterised antigenically and/or genetically differ from the northern hemisphere vaccine component which may result in reduced vaccine effectiveness for the season. We therefore anticipate that this season may be more severe than the 2013/14 season. Treating influenza with antivirals in addition to prevention with vaccination will be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Broberg
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Skowronski DM, Chambers C, Sabaiduc S, De Serres G, Dickinson JA, Winter AL, Drews SJ, Fonseca K, Charest H, Gubbay JB, Petric M, Krajden M, Kwindt TL, Martineau C, Eshaghi A, Bastien N, Li Y. Interim estimates of 2014/15 vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H3N2) from Canada's Sentinel Physician Surveillance Network, January 2015. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20. [PMID: 25655053 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.4.21022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Skowronski
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada
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14
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Lytras T, Kossyvakis A, Melidou A, Exindari M, Gioula G, Pogka V, Malisiovas N, Mentis A. Influenza vaccine effectiveness against laboratory confirmed influenza in Greece during the 2013–2014 season: A test-negative study. Vaccine 2015; 33:367-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Aoki FY, Allen UD, Stiver HG, Laverdière M, Skowronski D, Evans GA. Guidance for practitioners on the use of antiviral drugs to control influenza outbreaks in long-term care facilities in Canada, 2014-2015 season. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2015; 26:e1-4. [PMID: 25798158 PMCID: PMC4353273 DOI: 10.1155/2015/613068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The AMMI Canada Guidelines document 'The use of antiviral drugs for influenza: A foundation document for practitioners', published in the Autumn 2013 issue of the Journal, outlines the recommendations for the use of antiviral drugs to treat influenza. This article, which represents the first of two updates to these guidelines published in the current issue of the Journal, aims to inform health care professionals of the increased risk for influenza in long-term care facilities due to a documented mismatch between the components chosen for this season's vaccine and currently circulating influenza strains. Adjusted recommendations for the use of antiviral drugs for influenza in long-term care facilities for this season are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Y Aoki
- Professor of Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology & Therapeutics,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Upton D Allen
- Professor, Department of Pediatrics & Institute of Health Policy, Management
and Evaluation; Senior Associate Scientist, Research Institute; Chief, Division of Infectious
Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Ontario
| | - H Grant Stiver
- Professor Emeritus of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of
Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Michel Laverdière
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease, Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont,
Montreal, Quebec
| | - Danuta Skowronski
- Epidemiology Lead, Influenza & Emerging Respiratory Pathogens, BC Centre for
Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Gerald A Evans
- Professor of Medicine, Biomedical & Molecular Sciences and Pathology
& Molecular Medicine; Chair, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine,
Kingston General Hospital, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario
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16
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Torner N, Martínez A, Basile L, Marcos MA, Antón A, Mar Mosquera M, Isanta R, Cabezas C, Jané M, Domínguez A, Program of Catalonia TPIDIRACSS. Influenza vaccine effectiveness assessment through sentinel virological data in three post-pandemic seasons. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 11:225-30. [PMID: 25483540 PMCID: PMC4514250 DOI: 10.4161/hv.36155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza vaccination aims at reducing the incidence of serious disease, complications and death among those with the most risk of severe influenza disease. Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) through sentinel surveillance data from the PIDIRAC program (Daily Acute Respiratory Infection Surveillance of Catalonia) during 2010-2011, 2011-2012, and 2012-2013 influenza seasons, with three different predominant circulating influenza virus (IV) types [A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B, respectively] was assessed. The total number of sentinel samples with known vaccination background collected during the study period was 3173, 14.7% of which had received the corresponding seasonal influenza vaccine. 1117 samples (35.2%) were positive for IV. A retrospective negative case control design was used to assess vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the entire period and for each epidemic influenza season. An overall VE of 58.1% (95% CI:46.8-67) was obtained. Differences in VE according to epidemic season were observed, being highest for the 2012-2013 season with predominance of IV type B (69.7% ;95% CI:51.5-81) and for the 2010-2011 season, with predominance of the A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus strain (67.2% ;95%CI:49.5-78.8) and lowest for the 2011-2012 season with A(H3N2) subtype predominance (34.2% ;95%CI:4.5-54.6). Influenza vaccination prevents a substantial number of influenza-associated illnesses. Although vaccines with increased effectiveness are needed and the search for a universal vaccine that is not subject to genetic modifications might increase VE, nowadays only the efforts to increase vaccination rates of high-risk population and healthcare personnel let reduce the burden of influenza and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Torner
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia; Department of Health; Generalitat of Catalonia; Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP); Carlos III Health Institute; Madrid, Spain
- Department of Public Health; University of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia; Department of Health; Generalitat of Catalonia; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luca Basile
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia; Department of Health; Generalitat of Catalonia; Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Angeles Marcos
- Virology Department; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Antón
- Respiratory Viruses Unit; Microbiology Department; Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron; Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Mar Mosquera
- Virology Department; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricard Isanta
- Virology Department; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Cabezas
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia; Department of Health; Generalitat of Catalonia; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Jané
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia; Department of Health; Generalitat of Catalonia; Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angela Domínguez
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP); Carlos III Health Institute; Madrid, Spain
- Department of Public Health; University of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
| | - the PIDIRAC Sentinel Surveillance Program of Catalonia
- Public Health Agency of Catalonia; Department of Health; Generalitat of Catalonia; Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP); Carlos III Health Institute; Madrid, Spain
- Department of Public Health; University of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
- Virology Department; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona; Barcelona, Spain
- Respiratory Viruses Unit; Microbiology Department; Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron; Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Chen Q, Griffin MR, Nian H, Zhu Y, Williams JV, Edwards KM, Talbot HK. Influenza vaccine prevents medically attended influenza-associated acute respiratory illness in adults aged ≥50 years. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:1045-50. [PMID: 25336724 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few estimates of effectiveness influenza vaccine in preventing serious outcomes due to influenza in older adults. METHODS Adults aged ≥50 years who sought medical care for acute respiratory illness were enrolled. A nose/throat swab was tested for influenza virus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Clinical and demographic data were collected, including verification of receipt of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccination (IIV-3). Adjusted odds ratios were estimated by multivariable logistic regression models with an L1 penalty on all covariates except vaccination status. RESULTS A total of 1047 subjects were enrolled from November through April during 5 influenza seasons during 2006-2012, excluding the 2009-2010 season. Of those enrolled, 927 (88%) had complete influenza virus testing, vaccination status, and demographic data obtained. Of 86 (9.3%) influenza virus-positive patients, 47 (55%) were vaccinated. Of 841 influenza virus-negative patients, 646 (76.8%) were vaccinated. Over 5 influenza seasons, IIV-3 was 58.4% effective (95% confidence interval [CI], 37.0%-75.6%) for the prevention of medically attended laboratory-confirmed influenza illness in adults aged ≥50 years and 58.4% effective (95% CI, 7.9%-81.1%) in adults aged ≥65 years. CONCLUSIONS Influenza vaccine was moderately effective in preventing influenza-associated medical care visits in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Chen
- Department of Biostatistics Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Marie R Griffin
- Department of Preventive Medicine Department of Medicine Department of Mid-South Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center Department of Clinical Research Center of Excellence, VA Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - John V Williams
- Department of Pediatrics Department of Microbiology and Immunology
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18
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McNeil SA, Shinde V, Andrew M, Hatchette TF, LeBlanc J, Ambrose A, Boivin G, Bowie WR, Diaz-Mitoma F, ElSherif M, Green K, Haguinet F, Halperin S, Ibarguchi B, Katz K, Langley JM, Lagacé-Wiens P, Light B, Loeb M, McElhaney JE, MacKinnon-Cameron D, McCarthy AE, Poirier M, Powis J, Richardson D, Semret M, Smith S, Smyth D, Stiver G, Trottier S, Valiquette L, Webster D, Ye L, McGeer A. Interim estimates of 2013/14 influenza clinical severity and vaccine effectiveness in the prevention of laboratory-confirmed influenza-related hospitalisation, Canada, February 2014. Euro Surveill 2014; 19. [DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.9.20729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
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Affiliation(s)
- S A McNeil
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Capital Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - V Shinde
- GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Wavre, Belgium
| | - M Andrew
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Capital Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - T F Hatchette
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Capital Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - J LeBlanc
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Capital Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - A Ambrose
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Capital Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - W R Bowie
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - F Diaz-Mitoma
- Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - M ElSherif
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Capital Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - K Green
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - F Haguinet
- GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Wavre, Belgium
| | - S Halperin
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Capital Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - B Ibarguchi
- GlaxoSmithKline, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Katz
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - JM Langley
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Capital Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - B Light
- St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - M Loeb
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - J E McElhaney
- Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - D MacKinnon-Cameron
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Capital Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - M Poirier
- Centre de santé et de service sociaux de Trois-Rivieres, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Powis
- Toronto East General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Richardson
- William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Semret
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - S Smith
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - D Smyth
- The Moncton Hospital, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - G Stiver
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - L Valiquette
- Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - D Webster
- Horizon Health, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - L Ye
- Canadian Center for Vaccinology, IWK Health Centre and Capital Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - A McGeer
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Jimenez-Jorge S, Pozo F, de Mateo S, Delgado-Sanz C, Casas I, Garcia-Cenoz M, Castilla J, Sancho R, Etxebarriarteun-Aranzabal L, Quinones C, Martinez E, Vega T, Garcia A, Gimenez J, Vanrell JM, Castrillejo D, Larrauri A. Influenza vaccine effectiveness in Spain 2013/14: subtype-specific early estimates using the cycEVA study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19. [PMID: 24626206 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.9.20727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Adjusted early estimates of the 2013/14 influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in Spain for all age groups was 35% (95% CI: -9 to 62), 33% (95% CI: -33 to 67) and 28% (95% CI: -33 to 61) against any influenza virus type, A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses, respectively. For the population targeted for vaccination, the adjusted VE was 44% (95% CI: -11 to 72), 36% (95% CI: -64 to 75) and 42% (95% CI: -29 to 74), respectively. These preliminary results in Spain suggest a suboptimal protective effect of the vaccine against circulating influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jimenez-Jorge
- National Centre of Epidemiology, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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