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Učakar V, Vrdelja M. The image of vaccination in Slovenia: attitudes toward the effectiveness, safety, and importance of vaccination—a population based survey. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-021-01584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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2
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Bokhary H, Rashid H, Hill-Cawthorne GA, Abd El Ghany M. The Rise of Antimicrobial Resistance in Mass Gatherings. HANDBOOK OF HEALTHCARE IN THE ARAB WORLD 2020:1-16. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74365-3_47-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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3
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Mass gatherings (MGs) are characterized by a high concentration of people at a specific time and location. Infectious diseases are of particular concern at MGs. The aim of this review was to summarize findings in the field of infectious diseases with a variety of pathogens associated with international MGs in the last 5 years. Recent Findings In the context of Hajj, one of the largest religious MGs at Mecca, Saudi Arabia, respiratory tract infections are the leading cause of infectious diseases in pilgrims with a prevalence of 50–93%. The most commonly acquired respiratory viruses were human rhinovirus, followed by human coronaviruses and influenza A virus, in decreasing order. Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the predominant bacteria. The prevalence of Hajj-related diarrhea ranged from 1.1 to 23.3% and etiologies included Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli, with evidence of acquisition of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. In other MGs such as Muslim, Christian, and Hindu religious events, sports events, and large-scale open-air festivals, outbreaks have been reported less frequently. The most common outbreaks at these events involved diseases preventable by vaccination, notably measles and influenza. Gastrointestinal infections caused by a variety of pathogens were also recorded. Summary Because social distancing and contact avoidance are difficult measures to implement in the context of many MGs, individual preventive measures including vaccination, use of face mask, disposable handkerchief and hand hygiene may be recommended. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of these measures has been poorly investigated in the context of MGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Thuan Hoang
- IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France.,Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Philippe Gautret
- IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France.
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Porretta A, Quattrone F, Aquino F, Pieve G, Bruni B, Gemignani G, Vatteroni ML, Pistello M, Privitera GP, Lopalco PL. A nosocomial measles outbreak in Italy, February-April 2017. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 22:30597. [PMID: 28840827 PMCID: PMC5572940 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.33.30597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe a nosocomial outbreak of measles that occurred in an Italian hospital during the first months of 2017, involving 35 persons and including healthcare workers, support personnel working in the hospital, visitors and community contacts. Late diagnosis of the first case, support personnel not being promptly recognised as hospital workers and diffusion of the infection in the emergency department had a major role in sustaining this outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Porretta
- Hygiene and Epidemiology section, Department of Translational Research, New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Quattrone
- Hygiene and Epidemiology section, Department of Translational Research, New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Aquino
- Hygiene and Epidemiology section, Department of Translational Research, New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Pieve
- Hygiene and Epidemiology section, Department of Translational Research, New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bruni
- Hygiene and Epidemiology section, Department of Translational Research, New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Gemignani
- Medical Direction, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Pistello
- Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, Department of Translational Research, New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaetano Pierpaolo Privitera
- Hygiene and Epidemiology section, Department of Translational Research, New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Lopalco
- Hygiene and Epidemiology section, Department of Translational Research, New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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5
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Magurano F, Baggieri M, Filia A, Del Manso M, Lazzarotto T, Amendola A, D'Agaro P, Chironna M, Ansaldi F, Iannazzo S, Bucci P, Marchi A, Nicoletti L. Towards measles elimination in Italy: Virological surveillance and genotypes trend (2013-2015). Virus Res 2017; 236:24-29. [PMID: 28522332 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In accordance with the goal of the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, the Italian National Measles and Rubella Elimination Plan aimed to interrupt indigenous measles transmission in Italy by the end of 2015. However, from 2013 to 2015, Italy experienced high measles burden with 4902 measles cases (49.3% laboratory-confirmed) reported to the enhanced measles surveillance system (cumulative incidence in the triennium reference period: 2.4/100,000 population). The measles elimination goal was not reached. Laboratory surveillance of measles circulating genotypes is performed by the Measles and Rubella National Reference Laboratory (NRL) at the Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità - ISS), in Rome. Samples received from 1 January 2013-31 December 2015 were analysed. Those positive for measles genome by molecular tests were sequenced and phylogenetically analysed. Phylogenetic analysis performed by NRL identified that genotypes D4 and D8 were endemic and co-circulated in 2011-2013: study results show that genotype D4 disappeared during 2013. Sporadic cases were associated to genotype B3 during 2011-2013, which became endemic in Italy during 2014 and co-circulated with D8 until 2015. Sporadic cases were found belonging to genotypes D9 and H1 all over the period in exam. Similar trend has been observed in European WHO Region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Magurano
- National Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
| | - Melissa Baggieri
- National Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Filia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
| | - Martina Del Manso
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Lazzarotto
- DIMES, Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory of Virology St. Orsola-Malpighi General Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Antonella Amendola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Pierlanfranco D'Agaro
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy; Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo". Garofolo", Trieste, Italy.
| | - Maria Chironna
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Italy.
| | | | - Stefania Iannazzo
- Infectious Diseases and International Prophylaxis Office, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Bucci
- National Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonella Marchi
- National Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
| | - Loredana Nicoletti
- National Reference Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
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6
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Riccardo F, Manso MD, Caporali MG, Napoli C, Linge JP, Mantica E, Verile M, Piatti A, Pompa MG, Vellucci L, Costanzo V, Bastiampillai AJ, Gabrielli E, Gramegna M, Declich S. Event-Based Surveillance During EXPO Milan 2015: Rationale, Tools, Procedures, and Initial Results. Health Secur 2017; 14:161-72. [PMID: 27314656 PMCID: PMC4931307 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2015.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 21 million participants attended EXPO Milan from May to October 2015, making it one of the largest protracted mass gathering events in Europe. Given the expected national and international population movement and health security issues associated with this event, Italy fully implemented, for the first time, an event-based surveillance (EBS) system focusing on naturally occurring infectious diseases and the monitoring of biological agents with potential for intentional release. The system started its pilot phase in March 2015 and was fully operational between April and November 2015. In order to set the specific objectives of the EBS system, and its complementary role to indicator-based surveillance, we defined a list of priority diseases and conditions. This list was designed on the basis of the probability and possible public health impact of infectious disease transmission, existing statutory surveillance systems in place, and any surveillance enhancements during the mass gathering event. This article reports the methodology used to design the EBS system for EXPO Milan and the results of 8 months of surveillance. More than 21 million participants attended EXPO Milan from May to October 2015, making it one of the largest protracted mass gathering events in Europe. Given the expected national and international population movement and health security issues associated with this event, Italy fully implemented, for the first time, an event-based surveillance system focusing on naturally occurring infectious diseases and the monitoring of biological agents with potential for intentional release. This article reports the methodology used to design the event-based surveillance system for EXPO Milan and the results of 8 months of surveillance.
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Circulation of respiratory pathogens at mass gatherings, with special focus on the Hajj pilgrimage. THE MICROBIOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM INFECTIONS 2016. [PMCID: PMC7150026 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804543-5.00006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Filia A, Riccardo F, Del Manso M, D’Agaro P, Magurano F, Bella A, Regional contact points for measles surveillance C. Letter to the editor: Measles outbreak linked to an international dog show in Slovenia – primary cases and chains of transmission identified in Italy, November to December 2014. Euro Surveill 2015; 20. [DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.9.21050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Filia
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - F Riccardo
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Del Manso
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - P D’Agaro
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Magurano
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - A Bella
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Grgič-Vitek M, on behalf of the authors of the original article. Authors’ response: Measles outbreak linked to an international dog show in Slovenia, 2014. Euro Surveill 2015; 20. [DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.9.21052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Grgič-Vitek
- Communicable Diseases Centre, National Institute of Public Health (NIJZ), Ljubljana, Slovenia
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