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Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Fašmon Durjava M, Kouba M, López‐Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Gropp J, Anguita M, Galobart J, Ortuño Casanova J, Pizzo F, Tarrés‐Call J. Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of guanidinoacetic acid for all animal species (Alzchem Trostberg GmbH). EFSA J 2022; 20:e07269. [PMID: 35540800 PMCID: PMC9069547 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) when used as nutritional additive in feed and water for drinking for all animal species. The FEEDAP Panel concludes that GAA at 1,200 mg/kg complete feed is safe for chickens for fattening, piglets and pigs for fattening. This concentration in complete feed would correspond to maximum concentrations in water of 600 mg GAA/L for chickens for fattening, piglets and pigs for fattening. The Panel is not in a position to conclude on a safe level of GAA in laying/reproductive birds. In the absence of data on ruminants and salmonids, the FEEDAP Panel cannot conclude on the safety of GAA for all animal species. There is no concern on consumer safety resulting from the use of GAA in feed for poultry and pigs at the proposed conditions of use. The limited data do not allow to conclude on the safety for the consumer when the additive is used in feed for ruminants or fish. GAA is not toxic by inhalation, it is not an irritant to skin and eyes, and it is not a dermal sensitiser. The FEEDAP Panel concludes that the use of GAA as feed additive is not expected to pose a risk to the environment. The use of the additive under assessment in animal nutrition at the proposed conditions of use has the potential to be efficacious in all growing avian, Suidae and ruminant (except for preruminants) species; in growing fin fish other than salmonids and in frog. It is not possible to conclude on the efficacy of the additive in other species, and in reproductive animals.
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Li Z, Liang H, Xin J, Xu L, Li M, Yu H, Zhang W, Ge Y, Li Y, Qu M. Effects of Dietary Guanidinoacetic Acid on the Feed Efficiency, Blood Measures, and Meat Quality of Jinjiang Bulls. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:684295. [PMID: 34307526 PMCID: PMC8299751 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.684295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing the diet of Jinjiang bulls with guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) on their feed efficiency [feed efficiency were evaluated with feedlot average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed-to-gain ratio (F:G)], blood measures, and meat quality. Forty-five Jinjiang bulls (24 ± 3 months old and 350.15 ± 30.39 kg by weight) were randomly distributed among five experimental groups (each n = 9) and each group was randomly fed with one of five diets (concentrate: roughage ratio of 60:40): (1) control; (2) 0.05% GAA; (3) 0.1% GAA; (4) 0.2% GAA; and (5) 0.4% GAA, respectively. After a 52-days feeding trial, five bulls from the control group and five bulls from the optimal GAA supplementing group were randomly selected and slaughtered for collection of the longissimus thoracis (LT) and semitendinosus (SM) muscles to determine meat quality. The results showed that dietary GAA improved the ADG, decreased the value of F:G, and affected blood measures and antioxidant variables. Supplementing 0.2% GAA into the diet was optimal for feeding efficiency and most of the measured blood measures. Supplementing 0.2% GAA into the diet increased the a* (redness) values, and b* (yellowness) values, and the amount of creatine kinase (CK), muscle glycogen, creatinine (CRE), and laminin (LN) in LT muscles. However, it decreased the drip loss, L* (lightness) value, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content of LT muscles. Drip loss and shear force decreased in SM muscles, as did the amount of type IV collagen (CV-IV). In conclusion, supplementing 0.2% GAA into the diet could enhance feed efficiency to improve beef growth and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Laboratory Animal Engineering Research Center of Ganzhou, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Huan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Junping Xin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lanjiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Meifa Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hanjing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanjiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingren Qu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Olah A, Stajer V, Ratgeber L, Betlehem J, Ostojic SM. Age-Related Changes in Serum Guanidinoacetic Acid in Women. Physiol Res 2019; 68:1033-1036. [PMID: 31647299 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is a fundamental intermediate in cellular bioenergetics, with circulating levels of GAA often reflects disturbances in its conversion due to many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including gender or age. Here, we evaluated serum GAA in 172 healthy women aged 18 to 65 years, with age found to significantly predict serum GAA concentrations (r=0.29; P=0.03). This perhaps nominates serum GAA as a novel gender-specific proxy of impaired bioenergetics with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Olah
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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