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Highly sensitive and rapid detection of resorcinol by forming fluorescent azamonardine with dopamine. Anal Biochem 2022; 642:114562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fael H, Barbas R, Prohens R, Ràfols C, Fuguet E. Synthesis and Characterization of a New Norfloxacin/Resorcinol Cocrystal with Enhanced Solubility and Dissolution Profile. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:49. [PMID: 35056945 PMCID: PMC8778133 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new cocrystal of Norfloxacin, a poorly soluble fluoroquinolone antibiotic, has been synthetized by a solvent-mediated transformation experiment in toluene, using resorcinol as a coformer. The new cocrystal exists in both anhydrous and monohydrate forms with the same (1:1) Norfloxacin/resorcinol stoichiometry. The solubility of Norfloxacin and the hydrated cocrystal were determined by the shake-flask method. While Norfloxacin has a solubility of 0.32 ± 0.02 mg/mL, the cocrystal has a solubility of 2.64 ± 0.39 mg/mL, approximately 10-fold higher. The dissolution rate was tested at four biorelevant pH levels of the gastrointestinal tract: 2.0, 4.0, 5.5, and 7.4. In a first set of comparative tests, the dissolution rate of Norfloxacin and the cocrystal was determined separately at each pH value. Both solid forms showed the highest dissolution rate at pH 2.0, where Norfloxacin is totally protonated. Then, the dissolution rate decreases as pH increases. In a second set of experiments, the dissolution of the cocrystal was evaluated by a unique dissolution test, in which the pH dynamically changed from 2.0 to 7.4, stepping 30 min at each of the four biorelevant pH values. Results were quite different in this case, since dissolution at pH 2 affects the behavior of Norfloxacin at the rest of the pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Fael
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1–11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (H.F.); (C.R.)
| | - Rafael Barbas
- Unitat de Polimorfisme i Calorimetria, Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Rafel Prohens
- Unitat de Polimorfisme i Calorimetria, Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Clara Ràfols
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1–11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (H.F.); (C.R.)
| | - Elisabet Fuguet
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1–11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (H.F.); (C.R.)
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Nipun TS, Khatib A, Ahmed QU, Nasir MHM, Supandi F, Taher M, Saiman MZ. Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, In Vitro Antidiabetic, Antioxidant Activities, and Toxicity of Leaf Extracts of Psychotria malayana Jack. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2688. [PMID: 34961160 PMCID: PMC8707723 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Psychotria malayana Jack belongs to the Rubiacea and is widespread in Southeast Asian countries. It is traditionally used to treat diabetes. Despite its potential medicinal use, scientific proof of this pharmacological action and the toxic effect of this plant are still lacking. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant activities, toxicity, and preliminary phytochemical screening of P. malayana leaf extracts by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after derivatization. The antidiabetic activities of different extracts of this plant were investigated through alpha-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) and 2-NBDG glucose uptake using 3T3-L1 cell line assays, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. Its toxicological effect was investigated using the zebrafish embryo/larvae (Danio rerio) model. The mortality, hatchability, tail-detachment, yolk size, eye size, beat per minute (BPM), and body length were taken into account to observe the teratogenicity in all zebrafish embryos exposed to methanol extract. The LC50 was determined using probit analysis. The methanol extract showed the AGI activity (IC50 = 2.71 ± 0.11 μg/mL), insulin-sensitizing activity (at a concentration of 5 µg/mL), and potent antioxidant activities (IC50 = 10.85 μg/mL and 72.53 mg AAE/g for DPPH and FRAP activity, respectively). Similarly, the water extract exhibited AGI activity (IC50 = 6.75 μg/mL), insulin-sensitizing activity at the concentration of 10 μg/mL, and antioxidant activities (IC50 = 27.12 and 33.71 μg/mL for DPPH and FRAP activity, respectively). The methanol and water extracts exhibited the LC50 value higher than their therapeutic concentration, i.e., 37.50 and 252.45 µg/mL, respectively. These results indicate that both water and methanol extracts are safe and potentially an antidiabetic agent, but the former is preferable since its therapeutic index (LC50/therapeutic concentration) is much higher than for methanol extracts. Analysis using GC-MS on derivatized methanol and water extracts of P. malayana leaves detected partial information on some constituents including palmitic acid, 1,3,5-benzenetriol, 1-monopalmitin, beta-tocopherol, 24-epicampesterol, alpha-tocopherol, and stigmast-5-ene, that could be a potential target to further investigate the antidiabetic properties of the plant. Nevertheless, isolation and identification of the bioactive compounds are required to confirm their antidiabetic activity and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzina Sharmin Nipun
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia; (T.S.N.); (Q.U.A.); (M.T.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia; (T.S.N.); (Q.U.A.); (M.T.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60155, Indonesia
| | - Qamar Uddin Ahmed
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia; (T.S.N.); (Q.U.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Mohd Hamzah Mohd Nasir
- Central Research and Animal Facility, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia;
| | - Farahaniza Supandi
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Muhammad Taher
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia; (T.S.N.); (Q.U.A.); (M.T.)
| | - Mohd Zuwairi Saiman
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Nsanzamahoro S, Zhang Y, Wang WF, Ding YZ, Shi YP, Yang JL. Fluorescence "turn-on" of silicon-containing nanoparticles for the determination of resorcinol. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:46. [PMID: 33483779 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescent nanosensor based on silicon-containing nanoparticles (Si CNPs) with green fluorescence (FL) was prepared by one-step method. The prepared Si CNPs emitted green FL at 470 nm under the excitation at 350 nm. The FL signal of Si CNPs reveals an obvious enhancement in the presence of resorcinol (RC), due to the passivation of surface trap states of Si CNPs via the binding of OH group of RC with the NH group of Si CNPs, which allowed the formation of new radiative electron-hole recombination centers. This was confirmed by some analytical experiments performed on zeta potential, FL lifetime steady state, and the FTIR spectra. Most importantly, this nanosensor could selectively determine RC with high sensitivity and without interference from hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CT) as RC isomers. RC was detected in the linear range 0.05-40 μM, with a detection limit of 0.012 μM. The synthesized nanosensor was applied to the determination of RC in fresh fruit juice and water samples. The collected results confirmed the feasibility of our approach with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Nsanzamahoro
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhu Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ping Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun-Li Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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Massányi M, Halo M, Strapáková L, Slanina T, Ivanič P, Strapáková E, Strapák P, Halo M, Greń A, Formicki G, Massányi P. The Effect of Resorcinol on Bovine Spermatozoa Parameters in Vitro. Physiol Res 2020; 69:675-686. [PMID: 32584138 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to observe the effect of resorcinol on motility, viability and morphology of bovine spermatozoa. The semen was used from six randomly chosen breeding bulls. Ejaculate was diluted by different solutions of resorcinol in 1:40 ratio. Samples were divided into 7 groups with different concentrations of resorcinol (Control, RES1 - 4 mg/ml, RES2 - 2 mg/ml, RES3 - 1 mg/ml, RES4 - 0.5 mg/ml, RES5 - 0.25 mg/ml and RES6 - 0.125 mg/ml). Motility of spermatozoa was detected using CASA method at temperature of 37 °C in time periods 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 hours from the start of the experiment. Significant motility differences between all groups except control and RES6 with difference of 5.58 %, as well as between RES1 and RES2 groups with difference of 2.17 % were found. Progressive motility had the same significant differences. Spermatozoa viability (MTT test) decreased compared to control in all experimental groups during the entire duration of experiment. Observing morphologically changed spermatozoa, no significant changes were observed and a higher percentage of spermatozoa with separated flagellum in all experimental resorcinol groups compared to control were detected. Also, increased number of spermatozoa with broken flagellum, acrosomal changes and other morphological forms in the group with the highest concentration of resorcinol (RES1) were found. Results of our study clearly show negative effects on motility parameters of spermatozoa which depend on concentration, cultivation temperature and time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Massányi
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Sources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
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Tian S, Cyr A, Zeise K, Bryce SM, Hall N, Bemis JC, Dertinger SD. 3Rs-friendly approach to exogenous metabolic activation that supports high-throughput genetic toxicology testing. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:408-432. [PMID: 32039521 DOI: 10.1002/em.22361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MultiFlow® DNA Damage-p53, γH2AX, Phospho-Histone H3 is a miniaturized, flow cytometry-based assay that provides genotoxic mode of action information by distinguishing clastogens, aneugens, and nongenotoxicants. Work to date has focused on the p53-competent human cell line TK6. While mammalian cell genotoxicity assays typically supply exogenous metabolic activation in the form of concentrated rat liver S9, this is a less-than-ideal approach for several reasons, including 3Rs considerations. Here, we describe our experiences with low concentration S9 and saturating co-factors which were allowed to remain in contact with cells and test chemicals for 24 continuous hours. We exposed TK6 cells in 96-well plates to each of 15 reference chemicals over a range of concentrations, both in the presence and absence of 0.25% v/v phenobarbital/β-naphthoflavone-induced rat liver S9. After 4 and 24 hr of treatment cell aliquots were added to wells of a microtiter plate containing the working detergent/stain/antibody cocktail. After a brief incubation robotic sampling was employed for walk-away flow cytometric data acquisition. PROAST benchmark dose (BMD) modeling was used to characterize the resulting dose-response curves. For each of the 8 reference pro-genotoxicants studied, relative nuclei count, γH2AX, and/or p53 biomarker BMD values were order(s) of magnitude lower for 0.25% S9 conditions compared to 0% S9. Conversely, several of the direct-acting reference chemicals exhibited appreciably lower cytotoxicity and/or genotoxicity BMD values in the presence of S9 (eg, resorcinol). These results prove the efficacy of the low concentration S9 system, and indicate that an efficient and highly scalable multiplexed assay can effectively identify chemicals that require bioactivation to exert their genotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aiyana Cyr
- Litron Laboratories, Rochester, New York
| | | | | | - Nikki Hall
- Litron Laboratories, Rochester, New York
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Porras SP, Hartonen M, Ylinen K, Tornaeus J, Tuomi T, Santonen T. Environmental and occupational exposure to resorcinol in Finland. Toxicol Lett 2018; 298:125-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Pinalli R, Croera C, Theobald A, Feigenbaum A. Threshold of toxicological concern approach for the risk assessment of substances used for the manufacture of plastic food contact materials. Trends Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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