1
|
Santos GS, Casallanovo F, Scorza Júnior RP, Daam MA, Cione AP. Proposal for a tiered regulatory framework for the aquatic risk assessment of pesticides in Brazil. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:1514-1528. [PMID: 38629463 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic risk assessment is essential to guarantee the sustainable use of pesticides and the conservation of water resources near agricultural fields. This article discusses a proposal for a tiered regulatory framework for the aquatic risk assessment of pesticides in Brazil. The first step is problem formulation, which includes establishing general and specific protection goals. In the exposure assessment, the Estimated Environmental Concentrations in water should be calculated based on realistic worst-case assumptions regarding application rate and frequency, the entry into the edge-of-field water body, and fate in the water body, using scenario-dependent models suggested by the Brazilian Environmental Agency. These calculations can be refined by including Efate studies with variable exposures to reflect realistic environmental conditions accurately and include mitigation measures that impact the modeling. In the hazard assessment, ecotoxicological data for toxicity to fish, aquatic invertebrates, algae, and aquatic plants should be required for all pesticides based on standardized protocols and species. Tier 2 has several refinement options, including incorporating toxicity data from additional test species and effect modeling. In Tier 3, population- and community-level effects are evaluated using semi-field studies. Considering the case study in Brazil, Tier 1 demonstrated that, from the 12 pesticides that were assessed, seven (58%) failed based on the value of the Risk Quotient. In Tier 2, when exposure refinement options and mitigation measures such as buffer zones are considered, all seven pesticides, for which Tier 1 indicated risk, still failed the assessment. The risk for four of these seven pesticides could be refined by considering toxicity information from additional species. Refinement options and mitigation measures that could be applied to the agricultural scenario in Brazil were discussed. In conclusion, the proposed tiered risk assessment is a feasible way to evaluate whether a pesticide will pose an unacceptable risk to aquatic organisms. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1514-1528. © 2024 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michiel A Daam
- School of Science and Technology, Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research (CENSE) & Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), NOVA University Lisbon, NOVA, Caparica, Portugal
- Federal University of Alfenas, Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Boué G, Ververis E, Niforou A, Federighi M, Pires SM, Poulsen M, Thomsen ST, Naska A. Risk-Benefit assessment of foods: Development of a methodological framework for the harmonized selection of nutritional, microbiological, and toxicological components. Front Nutr 2022; 9:951369. [PMID: 36386902 PMCID: PMC9665408 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.951369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating the impact of diet on public health using risk-benefit assessment (RBA) methods that simultaneously consider both beneficial and adverse health outcomes could be useful for shaping dietary policies and guidelines. In the field of food safety and nutrition, RBA is a relatively new approach facing methodological challenges and being subject to further developments. One of the methodological aspects calling for improvement is the selection of components to be considered in the assessment, currently based mainly on non-harmonized unstandardized experts' judgment. Our aim was to develop a harmonized, transparent, and documented methodological framework for selecting nutritional, microbiological, and toxicological RBA components. The approach was developed under the Novel foods as red meat replacers-an insight using Risk-Benefit Assessment methods (NovRBA) case study, which attempted to estimate the overall health impact of replacing red meat with an edible insect species, Acheta domesticus. Starting from the compositional profiles of both food items, we created a "long list" of food components. By subsequently applying a series of predefined criteria, we proceeded from the "long" to the "short list." These criteria were established based on the occurrence and severity of health outcomes related to these components. For nutrition and microbiology, the occurrence of health outcomes was evaluated considering the presence of a component in the raw material, as well as the effect of processing on the respective component. Regarding toxicology, the presence and exposure relative to reference doses and the contribution to total exposure were considered. Severity was graded with the potential contribution to the background diet alongside bioavailability aspects (nutrition), the disability-adjusted life years per case of illness of each hazard (microbiology), and disease incidence in the population, potential fatality, and lifelong disability (toxicology). To develop the "final list" of components, the "short list" was refined by considering the availability and quality of data for a feasible inclusion in the RBA model. The methodology developed can be broadly used in food RBA, to guide and reinforce a harmonized selection of nutritional, microbiological, and toxicological components and will contribute to facilitating RBA implementation, enabling the generation of transparent, robust, and comparable outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ermolaos Ververis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
- European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy
| | - Aikaterini Niforou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Michel Federighi
- Oniris, INRAE, SECALIM, Nantes, France
- ENVA, ANSES, LSA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sara M. Pires
- Risk Benefit Research Group, National Food Institute/DTU, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Morten Poulsen
- Risk Benefit Research Group, National Food Institute/DTU, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sofie T. Thomsen
- Risk Benefit Research Group, National Food Institute/DTU, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Androniki Naska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thomsen ST, Assunção R, Afonso C, Boué G, Cardoso C, Cubadda F, Garre A, Kruisselbrink JW, Mantovani A, Pitter JG, Poulsen M, Verhagen H, Ververis E, Voet HVD, Watzl B, Pires SM. Human health risk-benefit assessment of fish and other seafood: a scoping review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7479-7502. [PMID: 33951954 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1915240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fish and other seafood are important sources of nutrients, but they are also sources of chemical contaminants that may cause adverse health effects. This article aimed to identify existing risk-benefit assessments (RBA) of fish, shellfish, and other seafood, compare methodologies, discuss differences and commonalities in findings, and identify limitations and ways forward for future studies. We conducted a scoping review of the scientific literature of studies in all languages published from 2000 through April 2019. We identified 106 RBA of fish and other seafood across Europe, Asia, North America, Africa, and at the global level. Studies were heterogeneous in terms of types of fish and other seafood considered, beneficial and adverse compounds assessed, and overall methodology. Collected data showed that a diet consisting of a variety of lean and fatty fish and other seafood is recommended for the overall population and that women of childbearing age and children should limit the consumption of fish and other seafood types that have a high likelihood of contamination. Our review emphasizes the need for evidence-based, up-to-date, and harmonized approaches in RBA in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Theresa Thomsen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ricardo Assunção
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal.,CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Afonso
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Portugal
| | - Géraldine Boué
- National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAe), Oniris, Secalim UMR 1014, Nantes, France
| | - Carlos Cardoso
- Division of Aquaculture, Upgrading and Bioprospection (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Portugal
| | - Francesco Cubadda
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Garre
- Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Alberto Mantovani
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Morten Poulsen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Verhagen
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.,European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy.,University of Ulster, Northern, Ireland
| | - Ermolaos Ververis
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy.,School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | | | - Bernhard Watzl
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sara M Pires
- Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|