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Pavan S, Vergine M, Nicolì F, Sabella E, Aprile A, Negro C, Fanelli V, Savoia MA, Montilon V, Susca L, Delvento C, Lotti C, Nigro F, Montemurro C, Ricciardi L, De Bellis L, Luvisi A. Screening of Olive Biodiversity Defines Genotypes Potentially Resistant to Xylella fastidiosa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:723879. [PMID: 34484283 PMCID: PMC8415753 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.723879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The recent outbreak of the Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS), caused by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca (Xf), is dramatically altering ecosystem services in the peninsula of Salento (Apulia Region, southeastern Italy). Here we report the accomplishment of several exploratory missions in the Salento area, resulting in the identification of thirty paucisymptomatic or asymptomatic plants in olive orchards severely affected by the OQDS. The genetic profiles of such putatively resistant plants (PRPs), assessed by a selection of ten simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, were compared with those of 141 Mediterranean cultivars. Most (23) PRPs formed a genetic cluster (K1) with 22 Italian cultivars, including 'Leccino' and 'FS17', previously reported as resistant to Xf. The remaining PRPs displayed relatedness with genetically differentiated germplasm, including a cluster of Tunisian cultivars. Markedly lower colonization levels were observed in PRPs of the cluster K1 with respect to control plants. Field evaluation of four cultivars related to PRPs allowed the definition of partial resistance in the genotypes 'Frantoio' and 'Nocellara Messinese'. Some of the PRPs identified in this study might be exploited in cultivation, or as parental clones of breeding programs. In addition, our results indicate the possibility to characterize resistance to Xf in cultivars genetically related to PRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pavan
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Marzia Vergine
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesca Nicolì
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Erika Sabella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessio Aprile
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Carmine Negro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Valentina Fanelli
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Vito Montilon
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Susca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Delvento
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Concetta Lotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Franco Nigro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Montemurro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Ricciardi
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi De Bellis
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Andrea Luvisi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Sion S, Taranto F, Montemurro C, Mangini G, Camposeo S, Falco V, Gallo A, Mita G, Debbabi OS, Amar FB, Pavan S, Roseti V, Miazzi MM. Genetic Characterization of Apulian Olive Germplasm as Potential Source in New Breeding Programs. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E268. [PMID: 31387331 PMCID: PMC6724140 DOI: 10.3390/plants8080268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The olive is a fruit tree species with a century-old history of cultivation in theMediterranean basin. In Apulia (Southern Italy), the olive is of main social, cultural and economicimportance, and represents a hallmark of the rural landscape. However, olive cultivation in thisregion is threatened by the recent spread of the olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) disease, thusthere is an urgent need to explore biodiversity and search for genetic sources of resistance. Herein,a genetic variation in Apulian olive germplasm was explored, as a first step to identify genotypeswith enhanced bio-agronomic traits, including resistance to OQDS. A preselected set of nuclearmicrosatellite markers allowed the acquisition of genotypic profiles, and to define geneticrelationships between Apulian germplasm and widespread cultivars. The analysis highlighted thebroad genetic variation in Apulian accessions and the presence of different unique genetic profiles.The results of this study lay a foundation for the organization of new breeding programs for olivegenetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sion
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - F Taranto
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, (CREA-CI), S.S. 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - C Montemurro
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy.
| | - G Mangini
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - S Camposeo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - V Falco
- CNR Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Unit of Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - A Gallo
- CNR Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Unit of Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - G Mita
- CNR Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Unit of Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - F Ben Amar
- Institut de l'Olivier, Route de l'aéroport, BP 1087, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - S Pavan
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - V Roseti
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - M M Miazzi
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
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Bragard C, Dehnen-Schmutz K, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jacques MA, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas-Cortés JA, Potting R, Reignault PL, Thulke HH, van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Boscia D, Chapman D, Gilioli G, Krugner R, Mastin A, Simonetto A, Spotti Lopes JR, White S, Abrahantes JC, Delbianco A, Maiorano A, Mosbach-Schulz O, Stancanelli G, Guzzo M, Parnell S. Update of the Scientific Opinion on the risks to plant health posed by Xylella fastidiosa in the EU territory. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05665. [PMID: 32626299 PMCID: PMC7009223 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
EFSA was asked to update the 2015 EFSA risk assessment on Xylella fastidiosa for the territory of the EU. In particular, EFSA was asked to focus on potential establishment, short- and long-range spread, the length of the asymptomatic period, the impact of X. fastidiosa and an update on risk reduction options. EFSA was asked to take into account the different subspecies and Sequence Types of X. fastidiosa. This was attempted throughout the scientific opinion but several issues with data availability meant that this could only be partially achieved. Models for risk of establishment showed most of the EU territory may be potentially suitable for X. fastidiosa although southern EU is most at risk. Differences in estimated areas of potential establishment were evident among X. fastidiosa subspecies, particularly X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex which demonstrated areas of potential establishment further north in the EU. The model of establishment could be used to develop targeted surveys by Member States. The asymptomatic period of X. fastidiosa varied significantly for different host and pathogen subspecies combinations, for example from a median of approximately 1 month in ornamental plants and up to 10 months in olive, for pauca. This variable and long asymptomatic period is a considerable limitation to successful detection and control, particularly where surveillance is based on visual inspection. Modelling suggested that local eradication (e.g. within orchards) is possible, providing sampling intensity is sufficient for early detection and effective control measures are implemented swiftly (e.g. within 30 days). Modelling of long-range spread (e.g. regional scale) demonstrated the important role of long-range dispersal and the need to better understand this. Reducing buffer zone width in both containment and eradication scenarios increased the area infected. Intensive surveillance for early detection, and consequent plant removal, of new outbreaks is crucial for both successful eradication and containment at the regional scale, in addition to effective vector control. The assessment of impacts indicated that almond and Citrus spp. were at lower impact on yield compared to olive. Although the lowest impact was estimated for grapevine, and the highest for olive, this was based on several assumptions including that the assessment considered only Philaenus spumarius as a vector. If other xylem-feeding insects act as vectors the impact could be different. Since the Scientific Opinion published in 2015, there are still no risk reduction options that can remove the bacterium from the plant in open field conditions. Short- and long-range spread modelling showed that an early detection and rapid application of phytosanitary measures, consisting among others of plant removal and vector control, are essential to prevent further spread of the pathogen to new areas. Further data collection will allow a reduction in uncertainty and facilitate more tailored and effective control given the intraspecific diversity of X. fastidiosa and wide host range.
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