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Xu H, Pan J, Dabbour M, Kumah Mintah B, Chen W, Yang F, Zhang Z, Cheng Y, Dai C, He R, Ma H. Synergistic effects of pH shift and heat treatment on solubility, physicochemical and structural properties, and lysinoalanine formation in silkworm pupa protein isolates. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112554. [PMID: 36869538 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The application of silkworm pupa protein isolates (SPPI) in food industry was limited because SPPI's solubility is poor and it contains a potential harmful component of lysinoalanine (LAL) which formed during protein extraction. In this study, combined treatments of pH shift and heating were performed to improve the solubility of SPPI and to reduce the content of LAL. The experimental results showed that the promoting effect on SPPI's solubility by alkaline pH shift + heat treatment was greater than that by acidic pH shift + heat. And an 8.62 times increase of solubility was observed after pH 12.5 + 80 ℃ treatment compared to the control SPPI sample which was extracted at pH 9.0 without pH shift treatment. Very strong positive correlation was found between alkali dosage and SPPI solubility (Pearson's correlation coefficient r = 0.938). SPPI with pH 12.5 shift treatment showed the highest thermal stability. Alkaline pH shift combined with heat treatment altered the micromorphology of SPPI and destroyed the disulfide bonds between macromolecular subunits (72 and 95 kDa), resulting in reduced particle size and increased zeta potential and free sulfhydryl content of the isolates. The fluorescence spectra analysis showed red shifts phenomena with pH increasing and fluorescence intensity increase with temperature increasing, implying the alterations in the tertiary structure of protein. Compared to the control SPPI sample, the amount of LAL reduced by 47.40 %, 50.36 % and 52.39 % using pH 12.5 + 70 ℃, pH 12.5 + 80 ℃ and pH 12.5 + 90 ℃ treatment, respectively. These findings provide fundamental information for the development and application of SPPI in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jiayin Pan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Mokhtar Dabbour
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, P.O. Box 13736, Moshtohor, Qaluobia, Egypt
| | | | - Wen Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Zhaoli Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 Huayang West Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Chunhua Dai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Ronghai He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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Lu X, Yin Q, Zheng Z, Mu D, Zhong X, Luo S, Zhao Y. Effect of sodium trimetaphosphate on the physicochemical properties of modified soy protein isolates and its lutein-loaded emulsion. J Food Sci 2023; 88:744-756. [PMID: 36633000 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Due to people's pursuit of healthy and green life, soy protein isolate (SPI) is occupying a larger and larger market share. However, the low solubility of SPI affects its development in the field of food and medicine. This paper aimed to investigate the effects of sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) on the functional properties and structures of phosphorylated SPI and its lutein-loaded emulsion. After modification by STMP, the phosphorus content of phosphorylated SPI reached 1.2-3.61 mg/g. Infrared spectrum and X-ray photoelectron spectrum analysis confirmed that PO4 3- had phosphorylation with -OH in serine of SPI molecule. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that phosphorylation destroyed the crystal structure of protein molecules. Zeta potential value of phosphorylated SPI decreased significantly. When STMP addition was 100 g/kg, particle size of protein solution decreased to 203 nm, and solubility increased to 73.5%. Furthermore, emulsifying activity and emulsifying stability increased by 0.51 times and 8 times, respectively. At the same protein concentration (1%-3% [w/w]), lutein-loaded emulsion prepared by phosphorylated SPI had higher absolute potential and smaller particle size. The phosphorylated protein emulsion at 2% concentration had the best emulsion stability after storage for 17 days. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Phosphorylation significantly improved the emulsifying properties and solubility of SPI. Phosphorylated SPI significantly improved the stability of lutein-loaded emulsion. It provides theoretical basis for the application of phosphorylated SPI as emulsifier in delivery system and broadens the development of lutein in food and medicine field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Lu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Yin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Dongdong Mu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xiyang Zhong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Shuizhong Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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Malik AM, Riar CS. Difference in the nutritional, in vitro, and functional characteristics of protein and fat isolates of two Indian chia (Salvia hispanica L) seed genotypes with variation in seed coat color. J Food Sci 2022; 87:3872-3887. [PMID: 35982647 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the association between the seed coat color of two chia seed genotypes for their composition, protein content, amino acid, and fatty acid profiles. The optimal pH for protein isolation for both genotypes (BCPI and WCPI) was 10, based on protein purity and solubility. Fatty acid profiling indicated, overall, 18 different fatty acids higher in BCPI10 with linolenic acid domination (∼66%) followed by linoleic acid (∼19%) and oleic acid (∼6%), contributing PUFAs (∼86%). Optimized protein isolates, black (BCPI10) and white (WCPI10) chia, had shown purity, L*-value, solubility, and yields of 90.65%, 75.86%, 77.75%, 11.30%, and 90.00%, 77.83%, 76.07%, 10.69%, respectively. BCPI10 depicted higher EAA (33.19 g/100 g N) and EEA indices (57.676%) compared to WCPI10 (32.14 g/100 g N) and 56.360%, respectively. Amino acid profiling indicated higher, PER, TAA, TEAA, TNEAA, TAAA, TBA, acidic AA values for BCPI10, and higher leucine/isoleucine ratio for WCPI10 having leucine and sulfur amino acids as limiting amino acids. BCPI10 had higher sulfur-containing amino acid contents, as the main contributor to the albumin a water-soluble fraction, leading to its higher in vitro digestibility (71.97%) than WCPI10 (67.70%). Both isolates exhibited good WHC and OHC of 3.18, 2.39 and 3.00, 2.20, respectively. Both protein isolates had similar ∆Td (°C) values with some variation in FTIR spectrum from 1000 cm-1 to 1651 cm-1 having more peak intensity for BCPI10. SDS-PAGE indicated bands at 150 kDa, representing globulin and mild bands at 25-33 kDa for glutelin and albumin. A significant (p < 0.05) variation reported in this study for protein and lipid profiles of both genotype attributes to genetic differences between the seeds. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Based on the nutritional profile, both chia seed isolates (black and white) are suitable for consumption with an edge for black seed when supplemented with their limiting amino acids. The high values of the functional properties and structural characteristics combined with high nutritional values make the chia protein isolate an excellent source of raw material for various food formulations. Fatty acid profile of the oils from the genotypes showed the presence of high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids, especially the PUFAs with more number of fatty acids in black chia seed. The excellent lipid profile of chia seed oil indicates the benefit of using chia seed oil as a source of essential fatty acids in the human diet for optimal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Manoj Malik
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sangrur, Punjab, India.,Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Charanjit S Riar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sangrur, Punjab, India
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Lu J, Zhang W, Zhao X, Xu X. Comparison of the interfacial properties of native and refolded myofibrillar proteins subjected to pH-shifting. Food Chem 2022; 380:131734. [PMID: 35034802 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The emulsion abilities of pale, soft, exudative (PSE)-like chicken breast protein are unsatisfied, which are urgently needed to be ameliorated. This study evaluated the improvement of pH-shifting (11.0-, 11.5- and 12.0-7.0) on emulsion properties of the PSE-like chicken breast myofibrillar proteins (MPs) and the underlined structure-driven interfacial mechanism. It was found pH-shifting promoted the exposure of buried hydrophobic groups and free sulfhydryl groups, and changed secondary structures. Emulsions stabilized by refolded MPs exhibited more uniform and dispersed distributions with more adsorbed proteins at the interface. Electrophorogram showed both disulfide and non-disulfide covalent bonds were involved during interfacial protein-protein interaction. The results from circular dichroism and front-surface fluorescence spectroscopy revealed interfacial MPs were exposed to a more hydrophobic environment and increased β-sheets enhanced their molecular interactions. In addition, interfacial proteins after pH-shifting was less likely to be replaced by Tween 20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmeng Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control; Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA; Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control; Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA; Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control; Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA; Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Xinglian Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control; Key Laboratory of Animal Products Processing, MOA; Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, MOE; College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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5
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Kaur L, Lamsar H, López IF, Filippi M, Ong Shu Min D, Ah-Sing K, Singh J. Physico-Chemical Characteristics and In Vitro Gastro-Small Intestinal Digestion of New Zealand Ryegrass Proteins. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020331. [PMID: 33557126 PMCID: PMC7913788 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Being widely abundant, grass proteins could be a novel source of plant proteins for human foods. In this study, ryegrass proteins extracted using two different approaches-chemical and enzymatic extraction, were characterised for their physico-chemical and in vitro digestion properties. A New Zealand perennial ryegrass cultivar Trojan was chosen based on its higher protein and lower dry matter contents. Grass protein concentrate (GPC) with protein contents of approximately 55 and 44% were prepared using the chemical and enzymatic approach, respectively. The thermal denaturation temperature of the GPC extracted via acid precipitation and enzymatic treatment was found to be 68.0 ± 0.05 °C and 66.15 ± 0.03 °C, respectively, showing significant differences in protein’s thermal profile according to the method of extraction. The solubility of the GPC was highly variable, depending on the temperature, pH and salt concentration of the dispersion. The solubility of the GPC extracted via enzymatic extraction was significantly lower than the proteins extracted via the chemical method. Digestion of raw GPC was also studied via a gastro-small intestinal in vitro digestion model and was found to be significantly lower, in terms of free amino N release, for the GPC prepared through acid precipitation. These results suggest that the physico-chemical and digestion characteristics of grass proteins are affected by the extraction method employed to extract the proteins. This implies that selection of an appropriate extraction method is of utmost importance for achieving optimum protein functionality during its use for food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovedeep Kaur
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.K.); (H.L.); (M.F.); (D.O.S.M.); (K.A.-S.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Harmandeepsingh Lamsar
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.K.); (H.L.); (M.F.); (D.O.S.M.); (K.A.-S.)
| | - Ignacio F. López
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Manon Filippi
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.K.); (H.L.); (M.F.); (D.O.S.M.); (K.A.-S.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Dayna Ong Shu Min
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.K.); (H.L.); (M.F.); (D.O.S.M.); (K.A.-S.)
| | - Kévin Ah-Sing
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.K.); (H.L.); (M.F.); (D.O.S.M.); (K.A.-S.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jaspreet Singh
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.K.); (H.L.); (M.F.); (D.O.S.M.); (K.A.-S.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-6-951-7290
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Taarji N, Bouhoute M, Fainassi F, Hafidi A, Kobayashi I, Neves MA, Tominaga K, Isoda H, Nakajima M. Interfacial and emulsifying properties of purified glycyrrhizin and non-purified glycyrrhizin-rich extracts from liquorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra). Food Chem 2020; 337:127949. [PMID: 32919267 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the interfacial and emulsifying properties of purified saponins and non-purified saponin-rich extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra, and highlighted potential mechanisms by which crude surface-active compositions, such as liquorice root extract (LRE), act as emulsifiers. LRE presented different fluid properties, in comparison to purified glycyrrhizin (PG), at equivalent glycyrrhizin concentrations. Particularly, it exhibited limited glycyrrhizin fibrilization at pH < pKa and efficiently reduced the interfacial tension at the soybean oil/water interface, independently of pH. LRE also presented better emulsification properties, in comparison to PG samples. Emulsions prepared using LRE had lower droplet sizes when using higher oil mass fractions or lower homogenization pressures, which was attributed to 2 main factors: (i) efficient adsorption of glycyrrhizin molecules at relatively low interfacial curvatures, thus accelerating oil phase breakup during homogenization and (ii) sufficient coverage of newly generated droplets due to adsorption of residual surface-active components (e.g. proteins), thus minimizing droplet coalescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noamane Taarji
- Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5-2, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan; Food Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box: 2390, 40001 Marrakech, Morocco; Program in Life Science Innovation, School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Meryem Bouhoute
- Program in Life Science Innovation, School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Firdaous Fainassi
- Food Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box: 2390, 40001 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Hafidi
- Food Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box: 2390, 40001 Marrakech, Morocco.
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- Program in Life Science Innovation, School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; Food Research Institute, NARO, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Japan.
| | - Marcos A Neves
- Program in Life Science Innovation, School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Tominaga
- Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5-2, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5-2, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan; Program in Life Science Innovation, School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakajima
- Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Tsukuba Central 5-2, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
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