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Stankevičiūtė M, Makaras T, Pažusienė J, Čapukoitienė B, Sauliutė G, Jurgelėnė Ž, Raudonytė-Svirbutavičienė E, Jokšas K. Biological effects of multimetal (Ni, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn) mixture in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: Laboratory exposure and recovery study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 216:112202. [PMID: 33838460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study tested the biological consequences of exposure to a multimetal mixture as a multiple chemical stressor on Oncorhynchus mykiss at molecular, cellular, physiological and whole-organism levels and on biomarker responses of this fish during the depuration period. To represent environmentally relevant multiple chemical stressors, in our study, we used the mixture of Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb and Cd at the concentrations corresponding to Maximum-Permissible-Concentrations (MPCs) acceptable for the EU inland waters. This study was undertaken with a view to elucidate if changes in the MPC of the test mixture components (Ni, Pb, Cd) could cause significantly different biomarker responses in O. mykiss from those previously determined in the carnivorous and omnivorous fishes exposed to the mixture of the same metals but at different MPCs of Ni, Pb and Cd. This study has revealed that exposure to mixtures of metals at MPC produces genotoxic effects in fish blood erythrocytes and a lethargic effect on O. mykiss behaviour, and, also, significantly increases the levels of Cd, Cr and Ni accumulated in the gills tissue. O. mykiss successfully depurated Cr and Ni in less than 28 days, however, the level of Cd decreased by only approximately 40% over the same period. A significant capacity of O. mykiss to restore its DNA integrity (Comet assay) after exposure to metal mixtures was revealed. However, the 28-day recovery period proved to be insufficiently long for erythrocytes with nuclear abnormalities to recover to the unexposed level. In conclusion, changes in the MPCs of Ni, Pb and Cd in the test mixture produce biological effects similar to those previously determined in S. salar, R. rutilus and P. fluviatilis exposed to the mixture of the same metals but at lower MPCs of Ni and Pb and at higher MPC of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milda Stankevičiūtė
- Nature Research Centre, Laboratory of Genotoxicology, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Tomas Makaras
- Nature Research Centre, Laboratory of Fish Ecology, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Janina Pažusienė
- Nature Research Centre, Laboratory of Genotoxicology, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Brigita Čapukoitienė
- Nature Research Centre, Laboratory of Genotoxicology, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gintarė Sauliutė
- Nature Research Centre, Laboratory of Genotoxicology, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Živilė Jurgelėnė
- Nature Research Centre, Laboratory of Fish Ecology, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Kęstutis Jokšas
- Nature Research Centre, Laboratory of Geoenvironmental Research, Akademijos St. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; Vilnius University, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Naugarduko St. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Drąg-Kozak E, Pawlica-Gosiewska D, Gawlik K, Socha M, Gosiewski G, Łuszczek-Trojnar E, Solnica B, Popek W. Cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio Bloch) hepatopancreas: ameliorating effect of melatonin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:12264-12279. [PMID: 30835065 PMCID: PMC6476825 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative status of the hepatopancreas of Prussian carp females (Carassius gibelio) co-exposed to sublethal cadmium in water and melatonin was studied. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in homogenates of the hepatopancreas. Furthermore, concentrations of cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) in the hepatopancreas were assayed. These females received melatonin implants and were exposed to 0.4 mg/L or 4.0 mg/L Cd in water for either a 13- or a 7-week period, followed by further 6 weeks of purification in clear water. Exposure to Cd influenced the increase in this metal concentration in fish hepatopancreas. In contrast, the fish exposed to cadmium with additional administration of melatonin had a lower accumulation of this metal. Exposure to Cd caused the increase in GSH content and the activity of GR, and a reduction in GPx activity, whereas the SOD activity varies depending on the exposure time on cadmium. In the hepatopancreas of fish treated with Cd alone, the content of Cu and Zn were increased and that of Fe was changed. After melatonin administration to Cd-exposed fish, a decrease in copper and zinc hepatopancreas content was noted. The present findings imply that melatonin co-treatment can effectively protect the fish against the toxic effects of cadmium on endogenous antioxidant status in hepatopancreas tissues and variations in metal concentration, such as Zn, Cu, and Fe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Drąg-Kozak
- Department of Ichthyobiology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Spiczakowa 6,, 30-199, Krakow-Mydlniki, Poland.
| | | | - Katarzyna Gawlik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Socha
- Department of Ichthyobiology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Spiczakowa 6,, 30-199, Krakow-Mydlniki, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Gosiewski
- Department of Ichthyobiology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Spiczakowa 6,, 30-199, Krakow-Mydlniki, Poland
| | - Ewa Łuszczek-Trojnar
- Department of Ichthyobiology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Spiczakowa 6,, 30-199, Krakow-Mydlniki, Poland
| | - Bogdan Solnica
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Popek
- Department of Ichthyobiology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Spiczakowa 6,, 30-199, Krakow-Mydlniki, Poland
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