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Ashi H, Almalki MHK, Hamed EA, Ramadan WS, Alahmadi TFH, Alami OT, Arafa SH, Alshareef AK, Alsulami FS, Alharbi AF, Al-Harbi MS, Alqurashi EH, Aashi S, Alzahrani YA, Elbanna K, Abulreesh HH. Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria against Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity to Rat Organs. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1703. [PMID: 37512876 PMCID: PMC10385160 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aflatoxin (AF), a metabolite of Aspergillus flavus, is injurious to vital body organs. The bacterial defense against such mycotoxins has attracted significant attention. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to ameliorate AF toxicity. METHODS Thirty adult male rats were divided into six groups (five each) to perform the experiments. The control (Co) group was fed a basal diet and water. Each of the following periods lasted 21 days: the milk (MK) group orally received milk (500 µL); LAB suspension (500 µL) containing 107 cfu/mL was orally provided to the LAB group; AF (0.5 mg/kg) was orally given to the AF group; and a combination of AF and LAB was administered to the AF + LAB group. The AF/LAB group was initially given AF for 21 days, followed by LAB for the same period. Finally, the rats were dissected to retrieve blood and tissue samples for hematological, biochemical, and histological studies. RESULTS The results revealed a significant decrease in RBCs, lymphocytes, total proteins, eosinophil count, albumin, and uric acid, whereas the levels of WBCs, monocytes, neutrophils, creatinine, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine kinase significantly increased in the AF group in comparison to the control group. The histological examination of the AF group revealed necrosis and apoptosis of the kidney's glomeruli and renal tubules, nuclei vacuolization and apoptosis of hepatocytes, congestion of the liver's dilated portal vein, lymphoid depletion in the white pulp, localized hemorrhages, hemosiderin pigment deposition in the spleen, and vacuolization of seminiferous tubules with a complete loss of testis spermatogenic cells. Meanwhile, protective and therapeutic LAB administration in AF-treated rats improved the hematological, biochemical, and histological changes. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed LAB-based amelioration to AFB1-induced disruptions of the kidney, liver, spleen, and testis by inhibiting tissue damage. The therapeutic effects of LAB were comparatively more pronounced than the protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Ashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal H K Almalki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas A Hamed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Wafaa S Ramadan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani F H Alahmadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Outour Tariq Alami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara H Arafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer K Alshareef
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah S Alsulami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej F Alharbi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manahil S Al-Harbi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtehal H Alqurashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shirin Aashi
- College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khaled Elbanna
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Hussein H Abulreesh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
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Hamad GM, Amer A, El-Nogoumy B, Ibrahim M, Hassan S, Siddiqui SA, EL-Gazzar AM, Khalifa E, Omar SA, Abd-Elmohsen Abou-Alella S, Ibrahim SA, Esatbeyoglu T, Mehany T. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Charcoal, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as Aflatoxin Adsorbents in Chocolate. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 15:toxins15010021. [PMID: 36668841 PMCID: PMC9863511 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of aflatoxins (AFs) in chocolates suggests the necessity to create a practical and cost-effective processing strategy for eliminating mycotoxins. The present study aimed to assess the adsorption abilities of activated charcoal (A. charcoal), yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus as AFs adsorbents in three forms-sole, di- and tri-mix-in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) through an in vitro approach, simulated to mimic the conditions present in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) based on pH, time and AFs concentration. In addition, the novel fortification of chocolate with A. charcoal, probiotic, and yeast (tri-mix adsorbents) was evaluated for its effects on the sensory properties. Using HPLC, 60 samples of dark, milk, bitter, couverture, powder, and wafer chocolates were examined for the presence of AFs. Results showed that all the examined samples contained AFs, with maximum concentrations of 2.32, 1.81, and 1.66 µg/kg for powder, milk, and dark chocolates, respectively. The combined treatment demonstrated the highest adsorption efficiency (96.8%) among all tested compounds. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed the tested adsorbents to be effective AF-binding agents. Moreover, the novel combination of tri-mix fortified chocolate had a minor cytotoxicity impact on the adsorptive abilities, with the highest binding at pH 6.8 for 4 h, in addition to inducing an insignificant effect on the sensory attributes of dark chocolate. Tri-mix is thus recommended in the manufacturing of dark chocolate in order to enhance the safety of the newly developed product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal M. Hamad
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt
| | - Amr Amer
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Baher El-Nogoumy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminants, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Sabria Hassan
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Prof.-von-Klitzing-Straße 7, 49610 Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Ahmed M. EL-Gazzar
- Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt
| | - Eman Khalifa
- Department of Microbiology, Medicine/Alexandria University Branch, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh 51511, Egypt
| | - Sabrien A. Omar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, E. Market Street 1601, Greensboro, NC 24711, USA
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Department of Food Development and Food Quality, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.E.); (T.M.); Tel.: +49-5117625589 (T.E.); +20-1028065903 (T.M.)
| | - Taha Mehany
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab 21934, Egypt
- Correspondence: (T.E.); (T.M.); Tel.: +49-5117625589 (T.E.); +20-1028065903 (T.M.)
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3
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Massoud R, Zoghi A. Potential probiotic strains with heavy metals and mycotoxins bioremoval capacity for application in foodstuffs. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1288-1307. [PMID: 35751476 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals and mycotoxins in foodstuffs are one of the major concerns of our world nowadays. Food decontamination with the help of microbial biomass is a cheap, easy, efficient, and green method known as bioremoval. Probiotics are able to reduce the availability of heavy metals and toxins in food products. The purpose of this review is to summarize the probiotics and potential probiotics' interesting role in food bio-decontamination. After a brief glance at the definition of potential probiotic strains with bioremoval ability, LABs (lactic acid bacteria) are described as they are the most important groups of probiotics. After that, the role of the main probiotic and potential probiotic strains (Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium, Pediococcus, Propionibacterium, Streptococcus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) for heavy metals and mycotoxins bioremoval are described. Additionally, the bioremoval mechanism and the effect of some factors in bioremoval efficiency are explained. Finally, the investigations about probiotic and contaminant stability are mentioned. It is worth mentioning that this review article can be exerted in different food and beverage industries to eliminate the heavy metals and mycotoxins in foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Massoud
- Department of Food and Technology, Standard Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alaleh Zoghi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abdelnaby A, Abdelaleem NM, Elshewy E, Mansour AH, Ibrahim S. The efficacy of clay bentonite, date pit, and chitosan nanoparticles in the detoxification of aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A from milk. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:20305-20317. [PMID: 34734338 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17254-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are highly toxic mycotoxin metabolites that are found as food pollutants, posing health risks to humans and animals. The objective of the current study is to establish a sensitive, reliable method for determining AFM1 and OTA using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and attempting to assess the efficacy of bentonite, date pit, and chitosan nanoparticles for AFM1 and OTA detoxification from contaminated milk. As revealed, AFM1 was found in 65.7% of analyzed samples ranging from 4.5 to 502 ng/L, while 25.7% of examined samples contained OTA ranging from 1.45 to 301 ng/L. Furthermore, for AFM1 and OTA. The advanced procedure was thoroughly validated by evaluating linearity (R2 > 0.999), LOD (0.9615 and 0.654 ng/L), and LOQ (2.8846 and 1.963 ng/L), recovery (93-95% and 87-91%), as well as precision (≤ 1%RSD). The experimental data revealed a higher removal efficiency of bentonite and date pit than chitosan nanoparticles in the case of AFM1 (68%, 56%, and 12%) and OTA (64%, 52%, and 10%), respectively with slight change in nutritional milk components like fat, protein, and lactose. Eventually, it is concluded that bentonite and date pit can be considered efficient adsorbing agents to extract AFM1 and OTA from contaminated milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Abdelnaby
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt.
- Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, 12618, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Nabila M Abdelaleem
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt
| | - Elham Elshewy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt
| | - Ayman H Mansour
- Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, 12618, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samar Ibrahim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt
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5
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Hamad G, El-Makarem H, Elaziz AA, Amer A, El-Nogoumy B, Abou-Alella S. Adsorption efficiency of sodium & calcium bentonite for ochratoxin A in some Egyptian cheeses: an innovative fortification model, in vitro and in vivo experiments. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2021.2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) in cheeses constitutes a significant economic and health concern for producers and consumers alike. Recently, detoxification approaches using food additives to counteract mycotoxins have been widely recommended in the food industry. This study aimed to quantify OTA levels in some Egyptian cheese types, and experimentally determine the detoxification effect of bentonite both in vitro and in vivo. The examined Roomy and Karish cheese showed higher OTA levels (4.138 and 3.399 μg/kg, respectively) than other cheeses. Calcium bentonite presented higher adsorption efficiency than sodium bentonite at all concentrations, both in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and feta cheese, and at the whole pH range. Calcium bentonite concentrations (60 and 100 mg/ml) had much higher sequestering activity on OTA both in PBS and feta cheese, while the adsorption efficiency was higher at pH 6.8 than at pH 3. All enzymatic activities were near the control levels in rats treated both with OTA and bentonite compared with rats treated with OTA alone. The IC50 of calcium bentonite was 107.75 μg/ml, which was less cytotoxic than sodium bentonite (52.96 μg/ml). Bentonites were categorised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as excellent binders of OTA. The innovative calcium bentonite-fortified feta cheese showed the most superior sensorial properties; hence it can be predicted as a novel food-grade adsorbent for OTA sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.M. Hamad
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Land Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - H.A. El-Makarem
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - A.I. Abd Elaziz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A.A. Amer
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - B.A. El-Nogoumy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - S.A. Abou-Alella
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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6
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Abedi E, Mousavifard M, Hashemi SMB. Ultrasound-Assisted Detoxification of Ochratoxin A: Comparative Study of Cell Wall Structure, Hydrophobicity, and Toxin Binding Capacity of Single and Co-culture Lactic Acid Bacteria. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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7
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Majidzadeh Heravi R, Ghiasvand M, Rezaei E, Kargar F. Assessing the viability of three Lactobacillus bacterial species protected in the cryoprotectants containing whey and maltodextrin during freeze-drying process. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:505-512. [PMID: 34904273 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Freeze-drying of bacteria associates with different stresses such as osmotic pressure, temperature and oxidation, and decreases bacterial viability, which seem to reduce by applying cryoprotectants. The present study evaluated the effect of four cryoprotectants on decreasing the stress caused by freeze-drying process among three Lactobacillus species. Additionally, it highlighted the use of whey and maltodextrin as a substitute for peptone and sucrose in cryoprotectants respectively. The viability of lactobacilli was measured after freeze-drying, 1 month of storage at 25 and 4°C. Based on the results, the viability rate of bacteria in protectants during freeze-drying stage was dependent on their strains. The best viability of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Ligilactobacillus salivarius 20687 was, respectively, observed in the protectants containing sucrose and whey, while Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NRRL B-14768 viability was equal in all protectants. The number of live bacteria reduced significantly by storing bacteria for 1 month at 25°C compared to the 4°C storage. During the storage period, the viability of L. salivarius improved by adding sucrose in protectant. Due to the positive effect of whey and sucrose in the drying and storage stage, on bacterial viability, the protectant consisting of whey and sucrose is suggested for all of the species under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Majidzadeh Heravi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - M Ghiasvand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - E Rezaei
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - F Kargar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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8
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Senturk S, Karaca H. First report on the presence of aflatoxins in fig seed oil and the efficacy of adsorbents in reducing aflatoxin levels in aqueous and oily media. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1937226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Campagnollo FB, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Borges LL, Bonato MA, Fakhri Y, Barbalho CB, Barbalho RLC, Corassin CH, Oliveira CAF. In vitro and in vivo capacity of yeast-based products to bind to aflatoxins B 1 and M 1 in media and foodstuffs: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109505. [PMID: 33233146 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aflatoxins are hepatotoxic and carcinogenic metabolites produced by Aspergillus species during growth on crop products. In this regard, a systematic review to collect the quantitative data regarding the in vitro capacity of yeasts-based products to bind to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and/or aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) was performed. After screening, 31 articles which met the inclusion criteria was included and then the pooled decontamination of aflatoxins in the defined subgroups (the type of foods, pH, contact time, temperature, yeast species, and aflatoxin type) was calculated by the random effect model (REM). The overall binding capacity (BC) of aflatoxins by yeast was 52.05% (95%CI: 49.01-55.10), while the lowest and highest aflatoxins' BC were associated with Yeast Extract Peptone (2.79%) and ruminal fluid + artificial saliva (96.21%), respectively. Regarding the contact time, temperature, pH and type of aflatoxins subgroups, the binding percentages varied from 50.83% (>300 min) to 52.66% (1-300 min), 50.71% (0-40 °C) to 88.39% (>40 °C), 43.03% (pH: 3.1-6) to 44.56% (pH: 1-3) and 59.35% (pH > 6), and 48.47% (AFB1) to 69.03% AFM1, respectively. The lowest and highest aflatoxins' BC was related to C. fabianii (18.45%) and Z. rouxii (86.40%), respectively. The results of this study showed that variables such as temperature, yeast, pH and aflatoxin type can be considered as the effective factors in aflatoxin decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda B Campagnollo
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Liliana L Borges
- ICC Industrial Comércio Exportação e Importação LTDA São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Melina A Bonato
- ICC Industrial Comércio Exportação e Importação LTDA São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yadolah Fakhri
- Environmental Health Engineering, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Caio B Barbalho
- ICC Industrial Comércio Exportação e Importação LTDA São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos H Corassin
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CEP 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A F Oliveira
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CEP 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
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Ibitoye OA, Olaniyi OO, Ogidi CO, Akinyele BJ. Lactic acid bacteria bio-detoxified aflatoxins contaminated cereals, ameliorate toxicological effects and improve haemato-histological parameters in albino rats. TOXIN REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1817088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Clement Olusola Ogidi
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Kings University, Odeomu, Nigeria
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11
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Zolfaghari H, Khezerlou A, Ehsani A, Yari Khosroushahi A. Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by Probiotic Yeasts and Bacteria Isolated From Dairy Products of Iran. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 10:482-487. [PMID: 32665910 PMCID: PMC7335981 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2020.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The present study was conducted to assess the ability of probiotic bacteria and yeasts strains to reduce aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in gastrointestinal simulated conditions. Aflatoxins are potent carcinogenic and immunosuppressive agents. Acute exposure to a high level of aflatoxins leads to aflatoxicosis, which cause rapid death due to liver failure. It is anticipated that consumption of probiotic microorganisms capable of binding aflatoxins can reduce the risk of AFB1 on human health to a certain extent.
Methods: For this purpose, the bacteria (1 × 1010 cfu/mL) and yeasts count (2 × 108 cells/mL) and AFB1 concentration (10 ppb) were adjusted. Then, the samples were incubated in the simulated medium, human gastric secretions and small intestine. The concentration of residual AFB1 was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 16 software.
Results: The native isolated bacteria and yeasts in the simulated gastrointestinal tract condition showed a significant effect on AFB1 reduction (P <0.05). The AFB1 reduction ability of native probiotic microorganisms was strain dependent. The highest binding ability in bacteria belonged to Lactobacillus rhamnosus (31.14%) and at yeasts belonged to Saccharomyces cerevisiae (30.46%).
Conclusion: The use of probiotic strains is the appropriate biological method to reduce AFB1 in the human gastrointestinal tract. Probiotic bacteria could help to decrease the harmful effects of AFB1 in humans through enhancing the food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Zolfaghari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nutrition and Food Science Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezou Khezerlou
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Ehsani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nutrition and Food Science Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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Rogowska A, Pomastowski P, Walczak J, Railean-Plugaru V, Rudnicka J, Buszewski B. Investigation of Zearalenone Adsorption and Biotransformation by Microorganisms Cultured under Cellular Stress Conditions. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11080463. [PMID: 31394832 PMCID: PMC6723818 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11080463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The zearalenone binding and metabolization ability of probiotic microorganisms, such as lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactococcus lactis, and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, isolated from food products, were examined. Moreover, the influence of cellular stress (induced by silver nanoparticles) and lyophilization on the effectiveness of tested microorganisms was also investigated. The concentration of zearalenone after a certain time of incubation with microorganisms was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The maximum sorption effectiveness for L. paracasei, L. lactis, and S. cerevisiae cultured in non-stress conditions was 53.3, 41.0, and 36.5%, respectively. At the same time for the same microorganisms cultured at cellular stress conditions, the maximum sorption effectiveness was improved to 55.3, 47.4, and 57.0%, respectively. Also, the effect of culture conditions on the morphology of the cells and its metabolism was examined using microscopic technique and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Rogowska
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Justyna Walczak
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Viorica Railean-Plugaru
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Joanna Rudnicka
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
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Bzducha-Wróbel A, Bryła M, Gientka I, Błażejak S, Janowicz M. Candida utilis ATCC 9950 Cell Walls and β(1,3)/(1,6)-Glucan Preparations Produced Using Agro-Waste as a Mycotoxins Trap. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E192. [PMID: 30935045 PMCID: PMC6521628 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11040192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are harmful contaminants of food and feed worldwide. Feed additives with the abilities to trap mycotoxins are considered substances which regulate toxin transfer from feed to tissue, reducing its absorption in animal digestive tract. Market analysis emphasizes growing interest of feed producers in mycotoxins binders obtained from yeast biomass. The aim of the study was to prescreen cell walls (CW) and β(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan (β-G) preparations isolated from Candida utilis ATCC 9950 cultivated on waste potato juice water with glycerol as adsorbents for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN), ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), T-2 toxin (T-2) and fumonisin B1 (FB1). The adsorption was studied in single concentration tests at pH 3.0 and 6.0 in the presence of 1% of the adsorbent and 500 ng/mL of individual toxin. Evaluated CW and β-G preparations had the potential to bind ZEN, OTA and AFB1 rather than DON, NIV, T-2 toxin and FB1. The highest percentage of adsorption (about 83%), adsorption capacity (approx. 41 µg/ g preparation) and distribution coefficient (458.7mL/g) was found for zearalenone when CW preparation was used under acidic conditions. Higher protein content in CW and smaller particles sizes of the formulation could influence more efficient binding of ZEN, OTA, DON and T-2 toxin at appropriate pH compared to purified β-G. Obtained results show the possibility to transform the waste potato juice water into valuable Candida utilis ATCC 9950 preparation with mycotoxins adsorption properties. Further research is important to improve the binding capacity of studied preparations by increasing the active surface of adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bzducha-Wróbel
- Faculty of Food Science, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Bryła
- Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Department of Food Analysis, Rakowiecka Str. 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Iwona Gientka
- Faculty of Food Science, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Błażejak
- Faculty of Food Science, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Janowicz
- Faculty of Food Science, Department of Food Engineering and Process Management, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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