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Shakibkhah I, Azarbakhsh H, Peyravi M, Marzaleh MA, Boldaji MR. Trend Analysis of Suicide Mortality and Years of Life Lost from 2016 to 2021 in Southern Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 53:1128-1136. [PMID: 38912135 PMCID: PMC11188643 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v53i5.15594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Suicide as the commonest psychiatric emergency imposes a heavy burden on communities. We aimed to evaluate the years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature death from suicide in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. Methods Data regarding suicidal deaths were extracted from the Forensic Medicine Organization. The YLL of each year were calculated among gender and age groups. The YLL calculation was performed using the 2015 WHO excel calendars template. The Join Point Regression method was used to examine the trend of the crude mortality rate, the standardized mortality rate, and the YLL rate. Results Overall, 572 people died by suicide between 2016 and 2021 (63.5% in males and 36. 5% in females). The main method of death in most cases was hanging (52.8%). The total YLL due to premature death in the 6 year- period was 9248 (4.2 per 1000 persons) in males, 5602 (2.6 per 1000 persons) in females. Hanging (7909) compromised the largest YLL category between different methods of suicide. According to the joinpoint regression analysis, the 6-year trend of YLL rate due to premature mortality was increasing in males: the annual percent change (APC) was 4.8% (95% CI 1.0 to 8.7, P=0.024) and stable trend for females. Conclusion The YLL was higher in men than in women. Effective training interventions should be designed and implemented to reduce the incidence of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Shakibkhah
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Habibollah Azarbakhsh
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahmoudreza Peyravi
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh
- Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mitra Rafiei Boldaji
- Clinical Education Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Jalilian Z, Mohamadian F, Ahmadi S, Veisani Y. Death Trends and Years of Life Lost Due to Social Harms Such as Suicide, Homicide, and Addiction, Ilam Province, 2009-2019. Bull Emerg Trauma 2023; 11:167-172. [PMID: 38143526 PMCID: PMC10743323 DOI: 10.30476/beat.2023.97876.1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the death trend and years of life lost (YLL) caused by social harm in Ilam province. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Ilam province from 2009 to 2019. To estimate YLL, all deaths caused by suicide, homicide, and addiction were included in the study. The data were collected from the Forensic Medicine Organization. The analysis was carried out using SPSS software (version 23.0). A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Between 2009 and 2019, there were 1712 occurrences of suicide, homicide, and addiction, which resulted in a total of 62,605 years of lost life (53,934 per 100,000 people). The highest frequency was related to the age group of 15-29 years, while the lowest was related to the age group of 0-14 years (p<0.001). During the studied period, men were more likely than women to commit suicide, homicide, and addiction in Ilam (p>0.439). Between 2009 and 2019, the number of suicides and homicides in Ilam province started a decreasing trend for both sexes, while the number of deaths caused by addiction was increasing. Conclusion The results of this study indicated that the age groups of 15-29 years had the highest rate of YLL caused by suicide, homicide, and addiction for both sexes. Furthermore, the findings showed that YLL decreased for suicide and homicide, but increased for addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jalilian
- Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Fathola Mohamadian
- Department of Psychology, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Sasan Ahmadi
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Veisani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Manouchehri A, Marznaki ZH, Atim LM, Mohammadian amiri M, Kaggwa MM. The relationship between causes of suicidal attempts in Iran and individual and social variables: a retrospective study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:780. [PMID: 36503535 PMCID: PMC9743690 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the prevalence of suicide attempts and the relationships between the different causes of attempts with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics among individuals in Iran. METHODS A retrospective review of data about suicide attempts from poisoning care centers in Babol city between 2017 and 2021. Multinomial regression analysis (with mental illness being the reference variable) was used to determine the factors associated with the different causes of suicide attempts (addiction, romantic relationship problems, and economic problems). RESULTS The overall prevalence of completed suicide in the population sampled was 10.8% (95% confidence interval 9.5-12.1) (244/2,263). Relative to mental disorder, given that other variables in the model are held constant the following were associated with suicide attempts. A previous history of suicide attempts was associated with increasing the relative risk ratio of attempting suicide while having no positive history of smoking was associated with reducing the relative risk ratio of a suicidal attempt. However, the use of multiple drugs to attempt suicide was associated with an increased relative risk ratio of attempting suicide with romantic relationship problems and addiction as causes of suicide attempts. The first year of data collection (2017) and the female gender were both associated with an increased relative risk ratio of having a suicide attempt due to romantic relationships and economic problems. A family history of suicide was associated with an increased relative risk ratio of suicide attempts due to romantic relationship problems. However, using Pesticides-aluminum phosphide and detergent and javel water to attempt reduced the relative risk ratio of attempting due to romantic relationship problems. Age, self-employment, middle income, and married were associated with an increased relative risk ratio of suicide attempts among individuals due to addiction. However, staying longer at the emergency department was associated with a reduced relative risk ratio of having had a suicide attempt due to addiction. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the interplay between romantic hardships, addiction, economic hardships as reasons for suicide attempts and various sociable variables in a population in Northern Iran. The most associated reason for suicide attempts was romantic relationship hardships. Therefore, interventions such as sessions on conflict resolution, boundary setting, and management of grieving would greatly benefit this society and reduce the rate of suicide, especially among individuals with a history of suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliasghar Manouchehri
- grid.411495.c0000 0004 0421 4102Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Hospital Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Letizia Maria Atim
- African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, Uganda ,grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Mehdi Mohammadian amiri
- grid.411495.c0000 0004 0421 4102Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Mark Mohan Kaggwa
- African Centre for Suicide Prevention and Research, Mbarara, Uganda ,grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario Canada
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Sayehmiri K, Ashraf Mozafari A, Valizadeh R, Yadeghari N, Rostamkhani M, Khorshidi A, Aivazi AA, Deldar M. Rate and Causes of Suicide in Ilam: A Report of the Suicide Registry. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2022; 17:312-319. [PMID: 36474690 PMCID: PMC9699812 DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v17i3.9732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Suicide is one of the most important health problems in the world. Financial, academic, social, and environmental difficulties along with genetic, physical, and mental disorders affect suicide attempts. This study aimed to find risk factors for completed suicide in Ilam province according to the suicide registry in Ilam province. Method : This was a prospective study and was performed based on suicide case registration data, pre-determined checklist data, and death registration data in Ilam province from March 2019 to September 2020. Logistic regression models and the Chi-square test were used to determine the relationship between completed suicide and its risk factors. Results: Among 1,410 attempted suicides, 66 (4.7 %) were executed. Rate of completed suicides was higher in men (6.5%) compared to women (4.5%), (p = 0.005), age groups over 65 years (P < 0.001), retirees and farmers (P = 0.009), illiterate people (P < 0.001), villagers (P = 0.02), people motivated due to physical problems (P = 0.016), suicide by physical methods (P < 0.001) and self-immolation (P < 0.001). Logistic regression showed that incidence of completed suicide was significantly higher in the age group over 65 years, illiterate people, people using physical methods, villagers, and men. Multivariate logistic regression also showed that men and individuals using physical methods of suicide were significantly more successful in suicide. Conclusion: Men, the elderly, illiterates, villagers, and people who used physical suicide methods were in high-risk groups. Despite lower prevalence of suicide, a higher rate of completed suicide was demonstrated. To decrease completed suicide rates, we must pay attention to these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Sayehmiri
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ali Ashraf Mozafari
- Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Reza Valizadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Norollah Yadeghari
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rostamkhani
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ali Khorshidi
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ali-Ashraf Aivazi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Maryam Deldar
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Veisani Y, Bakhtiyari A, Mohamadian F. Years of Life Lost (YLLs) Due to Suicide and Homicide in Ilam Province: Iran, 2014-2018. Bull Emerg Trauma 2022; 10:16-20. [PMID: 35155692 PMCID: PMC8818103 DOI: 10.30476/beat.2022.92045.1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide detailed of suicide and homicide mortality and calculate of years of life lost (YLLs) in Ilam province Iran, during 2014-2018. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, all deaths due to suicide and homicide were enrolled to estimate YLLs, in Ilam province between 2014-2018. The source of data was legal medicine organization (LMO). All analysis was performed at 0.05 significant levels using statistical software package STATA for Windows version 11.2 and SPSS 21 software. RESULTS The total YLLs of suicide and homicide were 15685 and 5317, respectively. 522 per 100,000 populations were suicide and 117 for homicide. The YLL and 95% confidence interval form suicide was 34.4 (32.8-36.1) for both sexes that 33.7 (31.6-35.8) for men, and 35.5 (32.7-38.3) for women. In this study period, YLLs rate began to increase over the years in both injury-related in 2016. CONCLUSION Results of this study disclosed the most prominent contribution of men and peoples aged 15-29 to the YLLs. Also our results indicate a recent increase in suicide and homicide YLLs for both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Veisani
- Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Amin Bakhtiyari
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fathola Mohamadian
- Department of Psychology, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran,Corresponding author: Fathola Mohamadian, Address: Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran. PO Box: 69311-63545; Tel/Fax: +98-843-2227132; Cellphone: +98-918-1413465. e-mail:
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VEISANI Y, DELPISHEH A, VALIZADEH R, KIKHAVANI S. Income Inequality by Gini-Coefficient on Suicide Death in Iran: A Review of National Data. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 48:1512-1517. [PMID: 32292735 PMCID: PMC7145926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research in source of inequality and enhance of knowledge can be reducing the inequalities in the coming decades. Therefore, we aimed to ascertain effects of income inequality measured by Gini-coefficient to death from suicide in Iran. METHODS This is an ecological study on the relation of Gini-coefficient and suicide death in Iran. Data were obtained from Iranian Urban and Rural Household Income for Gini-coefficient and Expenditure Survey and Iranian Forensic Medicine Organization for suicide. Concentration Index was used to determine of inequality by Gini-coefficient in suicide death and prediction model was applied by Stata software. Significant level considered less than 5%. RESULTS A Gini-coefficient between 0.2523 and 0.3755 (mean, 0.3092) was observed. The overall concentration index CI was -0.10 (95% CI= -0.19 to -0.01), therefore our results confirmed a positive inequality in incidence suicide rate result from income inequality in Iran. CONCLUSION Our results showed a positive inequality due to Gini-coefficients in suicide death. This study could be a start for investigation of inequality source in geographical units and at the individual level in all provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef VEISANI
- Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ali DELPISHEH
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran,Corresponding Author:
| | - Reza VALIZADEH
- Department of Psychology, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Sattar KIKHAVANI
- Department of Psychology, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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