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Unsal V, Kolukcu E, Gevrek F, Firat F. Sinapic acid reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury due to testicular torsion/detorsion in rats. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14117. [PMID: 34081348 DOI: 10.1111/and.14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of sinapic acid (SA) on biochemical and histopathological changes in an experimental testicular torsion-detorsion rat model. Twenty-four rats were randomised into four groups: sham group, ischemia/reperfusion (IR) group subjected to testicular torsion for 2 hr and then detorsion for 4 hr, and two groups treated with SA1 and SA2 (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, by single intraperitoneal injection, 30 min before reperfusion). Serum testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured by an autoanalyzer, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), and nitric oxide (NO) oxidative stress parameters by spectrophotometric methods, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) parameters by the Elisa method. In addition, immunohistochemical and histopathological examinations were performed on testicular tissues. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of serum testosterone, FSH and LH levels (p > .05). SA significantly reduced increased testicular damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death and also restored decreased antioxidant enzyme activities (p < .05). Pre-treatment of rats with SA reduced testicular dysfunction and morphological changes IRI. SA's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties were found to be protective against testicular IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velid Unsal
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Central Research Laboratory, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Engin Kolukcu
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Fikret Gevrek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Fatih Firat
- Department of Urology, Tokat State Hospital, Tokat, Turkey
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The vast majority of type 1 diabetes leads to a higher prevalence of reproductive system's impairments. Troxerutin has attracted much attention owing to its favorable properties, including antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. This investigation was proposed to evaluate whether pretreatment with troxerutin could prevent apoptosis-induced testicular disorders in prepubertal diabetic rats. METHODS Fifty prepubertal male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups: control (C), troxerutin (TX), diabetic (D), diabetic+troxerutin (DTX), and diabetic+insulin (DI). Diabetes was induced by 55 mg/kg of streptozotocin applied intraperitoneally. In TX and DTX groups, 150 mg/kg troxerutin was administered by oral gavage. Diabetic rats in DI group received 2-4 U NPH insulin subcutaneously. Troxerutin and insulin treatments were begun immediately on the day of diabetes confirmation. After 30 days, the testicular lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity, apoptosis process, and stereology as well as serum glucose and insulin levels were assessed. RESULTS The results showed that diabetes caused a significant increase in the blood glucose, the number of TUNEL positive cells and tubules, and the malondialdehyde level as well as a significant decrease in serum insulin level compared to controls. The stereological analysis also revealed various alterations in diabetic rats compared to controls. Troxerutin treatment improved these alterations compared to the diabetic group. CONCLUSION Troxerutin-pretreatment may play an essential role in the management of the type-1 diabetes-induced testicular disorders by decreasing blood glucose and modulating apoptosis.
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Ahmadi Z, Mohammadinejad R, Roomiani S, Afshar EG, Ashrafizadeh M. Biological and Therapeutic Effects of Troxerutin: Molecular Signaling Pathways Come into View. J Pharmacopuncture 2021; 24:1-13. [PMID: 33833895 PMCID: PMC8010425 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2021.24.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids consist a wide range of naturally occurring compounds which are exclusively found in different fruits and vegetables. These medicinal herbs have a number of favourable biological and therapeutic activities such as antioxidant, neuroprotective, renoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-tumor. Troxerutin, also known as vitamin P4, is a naturally occurring flavonoid which is isolated from tea, coffee and cereal grains as well as vegetables. It has a variety of valuable pharmacological and therapeutic activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-tumor. These pharmacological impacts have been demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo studies. Also, clinical trials have revealed the efficacy of troxerutin for management of phlebocholosis and hemorrhoidal diseases. In the present review, we focus on the therapeutic effects and biological activities of troxerutin as well as its molecular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad Branch, University of Shushtar, Khuzestan, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sahar Roomiani
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad Branch, University of Shushtar, Khuzestan, Iran
| | | | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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de Miranda JAL, Martins CDS, Fideles LDS, Barbosa MLL, Barreto JEF, Pimenta HB, Freitas FOR, Pimentel PVDS, Teixeira CS, Scafuri AG, dos Santos Luciano MC, Araújo JL, Rocha JA, Vieira IGP, Ricardo NMPS, da Silva Campelo M, Ribeiro MENP, de Castro Brito GA, Cerqueira GS. Troxerutin Prevents 5-Fluorouracil Induced Morphological Changes in the Intestinal Mucosa: Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 Pathway. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E10. [PMID: 31936203 PMCID: PMC7169416 DOI: 10.3390/ph13010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis is a common complication associated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapeutic agent used for cancer treatment. Troxerutin (TRX), a semi-synthetic flavonoid extracted from Dimorphandra gardneriana, has been reported as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of TRX on 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis. Swiss mice were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, 5-FU, TRX-50, TRX-100, TRX-150, Celecoxib (CLX), and CLX + TRX-100. The weight of mice was measured daily. After treatment, the animals were euthanized and segments of the small intestine were collected to evaluate histopathological alterations (morphometric analysis), levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH), mast and goblet cell counts, immunohistochemical analysis, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity. Compared to the saline treatment, the 5-FU treatment induced intense weight loss and reduction in villus height. TRX treatment (100 mg/kg) prevented the 5-FU-induced histopathological changes and decreased oxidative stress by decreasing the MDA levels and increasing GSH concentration. TRX attenuated inflammatory process by decreasing MPO activity, intestinal mastocytosis, and COX-2 expression. TRX also reversed the depletion of goblet cells. Our findings suggest that TRX at a concentration of 100 mg/kg had chemopreventive effects on 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis via COX-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Antônio Leal de Miranda
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Conceição da Silva Martins
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Lázaro de Sousa Fideles
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Maria Lucianny Lima Barbosa
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - João Erivan Façanha Barreto
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Helder Bindá Pimenta
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Francisco Orlando Rafael Freitas
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Paulo Vitor de Souza Pimentel
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Claudio Silva Teixeira
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Ariel Gustavo Scafuri
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Maria Claudia dos Santos Luciano
- Nucleus of Research and Development of Medications (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Coronel Nunes of Melo Street, 100, Fortaleza 60430-275, Brazil;
| | - Joabe Lima Araújo
- Research Group in Natural Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Maranhão, s/n Avenue Aurila Maria Santos Barros of Sousa, Frei Alberto Beretta, Grajaú-MA 65940-000, Brazil; (J.L.A.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Jefferson Almeida Rocha
- Research Group in Natural Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Maranhão, s/n Avenue Aurila Maria Santos Barros of Sousa, Frei Alberto Beretta, Grajaú-MA 65940-000, Brazil; (J.L.A.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Icaro Gusmão Pinto Vieira
- Technological Development Park, Federal University of Ceará, Humberto Monte Avenue, 2977, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil;
| | - Nágila Maria Pontes Silva Ricardo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil; (N.M.P.S.R.); (M.d.S.C.); (M.E.N.P.R.)
| | - Matheus da Silva Campelo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil; (N.M.P.S.R.); (M.d.S.C.); (M.E.N.P.R.)
| | - Maria Elenir Nobre Pinho Ribeiro
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Pici Campus, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil; (N.M.P.S.R.); (M.d.S.C.); (M.E.N.P.R.)
| | - Gerly Anne de Castro Brito
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
| | - Gilberto Santos Cerqueira
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, s/n Delmiro of Farias Street, Porangabuçu Campus, Fortaleza 60416-030, Brazil; (C.d.S.M.); (L.d.S.F.); (M.L.L.B.); (J.E.F.B.); (H.B.P.); (F.O.R.F.); (P.V.d.S.P.); (C.S.T.); (A.G.S.); (G.A.d.C.B.); (G.S.C.)
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