Obesity: Ethnic and Regional Differences in the Diet and Gut Microbiota (Review)

Comorbidity of functional bowel disorders and obesity in terms of microbiome

Bacterial ecosystem of the gut plays a fundamental role in the normal functioning of the metabolic and immune systems. Functional bowel disease and obesity are highly prevalent in the population and place a heavy burden on healthcare system. Both comorbidity and multimorbidity are considered to be common for obesity and intestinal functional disorders. Changes in the microbiota can be both the cause and consequence of each disease: intestinal functional disorder changes the composition of the microbiota, resulting in obesity, and vice versa. Intestinal functional disorders and obesity are characterized by a similar type of dysbiosis.The aim of the review is to analyze the research findings available to date in order to establish the relationship between the gut microbiome, functional bowel disease and obesity. The researches have shown that patients with intestinal functional disorders have a different gut microbiome than healthy individuals. For intestinal functional disorders, the general patterns of the intestinal microbiota composition were described, and the characteristic taxonomic groups of bacteria were identified. On the other side, it must be noted that there is no clear correlation between intestinal functional disorders and obesity in terms of the microbiota. This can be explained by the high heterogeneity of intestinal functional disorders, as well as by the lack of a unified approach to creating a study design, by different sizes of population samples and also by different diagnostic criteria. The necessity to determine the criteria in the development of the design of future studies is discussed.

Peculiarities of the mouth and colum in the youth of annous age with arterial hypertension and metabolic disorders

The purpose of the work is to determine the species, quantitative composition and frequency of occurrence of microorganisms in the oral fluid and large intestine in healthy young men and having arterial hypertension, and metabolic disorders. A survey was conducted of 51 young students studying at Tver State Medical University. It was found that more than 70% of students with AH (arterial hypertension) and MBN (metabolic disorders) showed pronounced dysbiotic disorders of the intestinal microbiota of II and III degree with a decrease in the number of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Peptococcus spp. and an increase in the number and frequency of occurrence of Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium spp., S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae. The intestinal microbiocenosis of students with AH and MS is characterized by a decrease in the number and frequency of occurrence of Lactobacillus spp. However, with MS, the prevalence (frequency) and quantity increase Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus subtilis, and in hypertension - Bacillus subtilis, Neisseria, Actinomyces, Peptostreptococcus spp.